Articles tagged with Glucose
Scientists at the University of Manchester have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which glucose blocks brain cells responsible for regulating wakefulness. This finding has implications for understanding and treating disorders such as narcolepsy, obesity, and addiction.
A nationwide survey shows a significant gap in understanding of type 2 diabetes management, with patients feeling knowledgeable about their condition but not following treatment regimens as prescribed. The Diabetes Roundtable advocates for a team-centered approach involving patients, physicians, and educators to improve care outcomes.
A new mechanism explains how glucose inhibits neurons that regulate wakefulness, revealing a role for previously unknown potassium ion channels. Glucose levels affect the firing rate of these neurons, shedding light on cellular pathways regulating vigilance states and energy balance.
A Joslin-led study has discovered that insulin signals to the liver differently for glucose and lipid metabolism, opening the door to developing targeted therapies. The research reveals new insights into phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which regulates insulin's action in the liver.
A recent study found that blocking ghrelin may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control in mice, potentially providing a new approach for treating type 2 diabetes. However, the study also raised concerns about potential long-term risks of increasing ATP production by pancreatic cells.
A national survey found that approximately 134,071 US adolescents have type 2 diabetes, with 39,005 having the condition and 2,769,736 having impaired fasting glucose levels. The study suggests a significant public health concern among this age group due to the high conversion rate from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes.
A new biosensor technology has been developed that uses static electricity to layer proteins on carbon nanotubes, allowing for precise detection of biological chemicals and environmental agents. The technique enables enzymes to self-assemble in a layer-by-layer manner on the nanotube, resulting in improved sensitivity and specificity.
Researchers found that administering losartan to rats with insensate third-degree burns reversed the insulin resistance caused by the burn injury, returning glucose levels to normal. The study suggests that blocking the renin-angiotensin system may be a key to preventing this condition in severe burn patients.
Researchers have found that liver signal STAT3 mediates the effects of brain insulin, which regulates glucose balance and insulin response. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by impaired glucose production in the liver.
Researchers discovered that consuming cinnamon improves insulin function, lowers glucose and lipid levels. Cloves also showed similar benefits for people with type 2 diabetes. The studies suggest that these spices may be useful in preventing or mitigating cardiovascular disease and other conditions related to inflammation.
PET scans can accurately predict prognosis and five-year survival rates in cervical cancer patients. Tumors with high glucose uptake have lower survival rates and disease-free survival rates.
A study found that feedback on performance given to primary care physicians decreased clinical inertia and improved glucose levels in their patients. The intervention, which included physican-specific feedback and computerized reminders, led to sustained improvements in physician behavior and patient outcomes after three years.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that tight blood glucose control can reduce the risk of nerve problems and foot amputations in diabetics. The study involved 1,441 people with Type 1 diabetes who had controlled their blood sugar tightly for at least five years.
A study by UCLA researchers found that men with cardiovascular disease may benefit from lower blood sugar levels, but women's risk of death increases with higher glucose levels. The research analyzed data from over 1,200 patients and suggested that there is no 'normal' blood sugar level for men with heart disease.
Researchers found that diabetic patients' heart muscle uses about half as much glucose and four times more fat for energy than non-diabetics. This increased reliance on fat can lead to inflammation, cell death, and heart dysfunction.
A study by the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston has identified 5'-AMP as a key molecular mediator that switches mice from burning glucose to burning fat in response to darkness. This switch is also observed in active mammals, such as bears and humans, and may lead to new therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that expressing active MMP-9 in macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques leads to their rupture, causing blood clots and reduced blood flow. Additionally, the inactivation of focal adhesion kinase in cardiomyocytes promotes eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice.
Research shows that tight glucose control significantly reduces heart disease and damage to the eyes, nerves, and kidneys in people with type 1 diabetes. The study found a 42% lower risk of cardiovascular events and a 58% lower risk of serious events like heart attacks or strokes.
A new software system, GRIP, was implemented in a 12-bed ICU and monitored 179 patients over four months. The results showed that 61% of the patients had correct glucose levels more than 75% of the time they were being monitored by GRIP.
Researchers found that specific fragments of the apoE4 protein are neurotoxic and accumulate in mitochondria, leading to neuronal death characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Blocking interaction of these fragments with mitochondria may be a potential new strategy for inhibiting detrimental effects.
In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Columbia University researchers discovered that replacing leptin in lean individuals who lost weight restored fat mass and reversed metabolic changes. The findings suggest that therapeutics targeting the leptin signaling pathway may assist in maintaining reduced body weight...
Scientists at the Salk Institute discovered a key cellular switch that instructs the liver to produce more glucose when blood sugar levels run low. The switch, called TORC2, limits its own activity to prevent excessive glucose production, which is missing in diabetic individuals.
A study of rats reveals that protein-enriched diets induce glucose synthesis in the small intestine, which is sensed by the liver and brain, ultimately leading to a decline in food consumption. This finding suggests that glucose metabolism in the small intestine may be a new target for treating food intake disorders.
Research shows that women with diabetes are at risk of having babies with heart and spinal cord birth defects due to high blood glucose levels. Maintaining good glycemic control throughout pregnancy is crucial, especially during the first eight weeks when organs form.
The two-year study found that patients treated with Starlix plus metformin had a 50% lower incidence of hypoglycemia compared to those taking glyburide and metformin. This combination therapy resulted in equally effective glycemic control and sustained reductions in post-meal glucose levels.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified a new target for diabetes treatment: the protein TORC2. TORC2 regulates glucose production in liver cells and its activation can improve insulin sensitivity. The discovery holds promise for developing more effective diabetes medications.
Researchers at Penn State developed implantable glucose sensors to monitor troops' metabolic health in the field. The sensors can detect glucose, oxygen, lactate, and pyruvate levels, providing valuable insights into a soldier's overall metabolic picture.
Critically ill patients with glucose in their bronchial aspirates were twice as likely to develop MRSA and spend longer in intensive care. Elevated glucose levels may have caused or promoted bacterial growth.
A team of researchers has discovered a molecular missing link that explains why fasting brings on acute attacks of the genetic disease hepatic porphyria. Fasting increases levels of PGC-1a, which regulates the activity of an enzyme in the heme production pathway, leading to toxic buildup of precursor molecules.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a bacteria that produces succinate, a key chemical precursor for 'green' plastics and drugs. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of sustainable products using renewable resources like grain sorghum.
Researchers found that increasing Sirt1 in pancreatic Beta cells improves insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in mice. This study suggests that therapies targeting Sirt1 could provide new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have found that increasing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the liver can decrease blood sugar levels in mice. This process may also lead to weight loss by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. The study's findings could potentially lead to new treatments for diabetes and obesity.
Researchers found that Sirt1 protein enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, improving glucose tolerance. The study suggests therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Scientists at Galileo Pharmaceuticals confirm a significant link between inflammation and glucose regulation in metabolic disease. The study demonstrates that administration of a proprietary dual 5- and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor reduces resting glucose levels by approximately 20% without affecting insulin levels.
A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found diuretics to be equally protective against fatal coronary heart disease or non-fatal heart attacks among people with diabetes. Additionally, diuretics were shown to be more effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and reducing the risk of congestive heart failure.
Researchers found that variations in four genes controlling inflammation are associated with insulin resistance in Mexican Americans. These findings may enable physicians to identify patients at high risk for developing diabetes and design therapies targeting these genes.
A Joslin study finds that maintaining a controlled diet and preventing weight gain can prevent the development of glucose intolerance in individuals born with low birth weight. The researchers observed improved insulin sensitivity and reduced risk of diabetes in mice on calorie-restricted diets compared to those allowed to eat freely.
Researchers found hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption, reducing insulin output and slowing post-meal glucose levels. This delay can help reduce high peaks of glucose and the need for insulin, potentially leading to a therapeutic role in managing diabetes.
Researchers found that non-dippers had higher fasting glucose levels and were more likely to develop diabetes. Monitoring glucose levels is crucial for these patients to prevent cardiovascular problems.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that normal metabolism requires so-called "new" fat to maintain glucose, lipid, and cholesterol homeostasis. The researchers discovered that old fat stores alone failed to set critical metabolic pathways in motion, leading to a marked decline in gene activity.
Genetically engineered mice with a missing enzyme in their livers developed fatty liver disease when placed on a zero-fat diet. The study found that consuming new fat, which is produced in the liver or consumed in food, helps regulate fat burning and prevents liver damage.
A new study found that spacing out insulin given by an insulin pump in two doses, one over eight hours, can keep glucose levels more favorable than a single dose or double dose taken over shorter periods. This method showed improved blood glucose control after a pizza meal without causing hypoglycemic events.
Researchers discovered that FGF-21 regulates glucose uptake in human fat cells, significantly reducing plasma glucose levels and triglycerides. FGF-21 also protected animals from diet-induced obesity, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in treating type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at UCSF discovered that administering pyruvate along with glucose after a diabetic coma can prevent brain damage and subsequent memory and learning impairment. The therapy was shown to be more effective than treatment with glucose alone, with rats experiencing significant cognitive deficits when given only glucose.
Researchers found that rat fetuses exposed to a high-carbohydrate diet in utero developed increased insulin levels, appetite stimulation, and obesity. The study suggests that such malprogramming could be interrupted if the mother's weight and insulin levels are normalized before pregnancy.
Researchers have discovered two new experimental drugs that target peroxisome proliferators-activated delta receptors (PFAARä) in muscle cells, increasing glucose absorption and boosting energy production. The findings offer a potential alternative to insulin therapy for patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that overexpressing insulin transcription factors MafA, PDX-1, and NeuroD in the liver of diabetic mice increased insulin gene expression and improved glucose tolerance. This breakthrough suggests a crucial role for MafA as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes.
A two-week course of fenofibrate treatment has significantly improved whole body glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in pediatric burn victims, reducing morbidity outcomes and healing rates. The study showed that treating insulin resistance directly can aid recovery from general trauma, illness, or surgery.
A study by University of Illinois Chicago researchers reveals that continuous positive airway pressure therapy can significantly reduce glucose levels in diabetic patients. This reduction in glucose levels can help prevent late-stage complications such as cardiovascular and kidney disease.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding diabetic nephropathy by identifying CD36 as the probable trigger of kidney disease in diabetics. High glucose levels cause a change on the surface of cells, triggering the production of CD36, which leads to kidney cell death.
Researchers genetically altered mice to resist obesity but still develop early signs of diabetes, revealing the complex network of factors leading from obesity to diabetes. By applying a drug treatment, they increased insulin sensitivity, a primary goal of diabetes treatment.
Researchers propose a new antiviral therapy targeting the smallpox growth factor, demonstrating effectiveness in lowering morbidity and mortality in infected mice. In another study, human bone marrow-derived stem cells are shown to regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction, providing a potential approach for heart repair.
A large cohort study found that elevated fasting serum glucose levels and diabetes are associated with an increased risk of all cancers and specific cancers, including pancreatic cancer, in men and women in Korea. The study suggests that hyperinsulinemia may be a pathway by which obesity increases cancer risk.
Researchers at Illinois have developed a new class of biological sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes. These sensors can detect glucose concentrations in human tissue, providing potential applications for diabetes management and other medical conditions.
Researchers developed molecular sheaths around carbon nanotubes to respond to glucose, detecting it with near-infrared fluorescence. The technique allows for real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels with long-term monitoring applications.
A mouse study revealed that the molecular clock genes Bmal1 and Clock play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Disrupting these genes led to impaired glucose regulation, even with insulin treatment. The study suggests that our internal circadian clock may influence blood sugar control beyond diet.
Researchers at OHSU have determined the structural basis underlying a crucial mechanism that allows gram-positive bacteria to adapt to available energy sources. This finding could lead to the development of new antibiotics that disrupt this mechanism, making bacteria more susceptible to counter-attacks by the human body.
Researchers at VIB have discovered receptor proteins in yeast cells that detect and react to glucose and sucrose, which could be good targets for new medicines. This finding raises the possibility of glucose receptors existing in human beings.
Biomedical engineers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new, minimally invasive sensor that can accurately monitor glucose levels and other bodily fluids. The sensor, smaller than a pencil tip, uses color changes to detect glucose levels, providing diabetics with continuous monitoring capabilities.
A single protein, ChREBP, activates genes in liver cells to convert sugar into fat, a process crucial for energy storage. Researchers found that ChREBP directly binds to DNA of fat-formation genes, increasing expression of enzymes.