Articles tagged with Glucose
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding diabetic nephropathy by identifying CD36 as the probable trigger of kidney disease in diabetics. High glucose levels cause a change on the surface of cells, triggering the production of CD36, which leads to kidney cell death.
Researchers genetically altered mice to resist obesity but still develop early signs of diabetes, revealing the complex network of factors leading from obesity to diabetes. By applying a drug treatment, they increased insulin sensitivity, a primary goal of diabetes treatment.
Researchers propose a new antiviral therapy targeting the smallpox growth factor, demonstrating effectiveness in lowering morbidity and mortality in infected mice. In another study, human bone marrow-derived stem cells are shown to regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction, providing a potential approach for heart repair.
A large cohort study found that elevated fasting serum glucose levels and diabetes are associated with an increased risk of all cancers and specific cancers, including pancreatic cancer, in men and women in Korea. The study suggests that hyperinsulinemia may be a pathway by which obesity increases cancer risk.
Researchers at Illinois have developed a new class of biological sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes. These sensors can detect glucose concentrations in human tissue, providing potential applications for diabetes management and other medical conditions.
Researchers developed molecular sheaths around carbon nanotubes to respond to glucose, detecting it with near-infrared fluorescence. The technique allows for real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels with long-term monitoring applications.
A mouse study revealed that the molecular clock genes Bmal1 and Clock play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Disrupting these genes led to impaired glucose regulation, even with insulin treatment. The study suggests that our internal circadian clock may influence blood sugar control beyond diet.
Researchers at VIB have discovered receptor proteins in yeast cells that detect and react to glucose and sucrose, which could be good targets for new medicines. This finding raises the possibility of glucose receptors existing in human beings.
Researchers at OHSU have determined the structural basis underlying a crucial mechanism that allows gram-positive bacteria to adapt to available energy sources. This finding could lead to the development of new antibiotics that disrupt this mechanism, making bacteria more susceptible to counter-attacks by the human body.
Biomedical engineers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new, minimally invasive sensor that can accurately monitor glucose levels and other bodily fluids. The sensor, smaller than a pencil tip, uses color changes to detect glucose levels, providing diabetics with continuous monitoring capabilities.
A single protein, ChREBP, activates genes in liver cells to convert sugar into fat, a process crucial for energy storage. Researchers found that ChREBP directly binds to DNA of fat-formation genes, increasing expression of enzymes.
The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart found abnormal glucose regulation is common in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes face a dismal prognosis, but those without known diabetes can benefit from improved treatment standards.
A new study found that eccentric muscle training, such as hiking downhill, improves glucose tolerance by 25.0%, compared to 9.4% with concentric training, like hiking uphill. This research provides insight into the specific metabolic effects of different types of exercise on glucose metabolism in humans.
A recent study by a University of Nevada researcher suggests that glucose levels in female mammals may influence the sex of their offspring, challenging a long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary biology. The study's findings have significant implications for wildlife conservation and agriculture production.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that intensive glucose management in ICU patients resulted in a significant reduction in mortality rates, with a decrease of 29.3% and the prevention of 49 deaths. The treatment involved monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin to prevent elevations.
A team of scientists used artificial life to study evolution and diversity in nature, finding that there are limiting effects of productivity in finite environments. This research provides insights into the ecological relationship between environmental productivity and species diversity.
A new sensor, smaller than a dime, measures blood glucose levels by detecting changes in acidity and frequency. The device requires no internal power supply or connections outside the body, allowing users to wave their hand to get a reading.
The INITIATE study found that NovoLog Mix 70/30 achieved better A1C levels and improved post-mealtime glucose control than insulin glargine. This suggests a physiological approach to controlling insulin needs, which may encourage clinicians to adopt this treatment option.
Over 60% of type 2 diabetes patients fail to meet recommended glucose treatment goals, increasing risk of complications such as heart disease and blindness. The Control to Goal initiative aims to bridge the gap between guidelines and clinical practice, promoting better diabetes management.
A study published in Endocrine Practice found that continuous insulin monitoring and endocrinologist involvement did not increase the cost of treating diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. The protocol showed significantly better glycemic control, leading to shorter hospital stays and fewer deep sternal wound infections.
A team of researchers developed an optical glucose sensor that functions as a continuous glucose monitor capable of operating under physiological conditions. The sensor shows outstanding glucose response over the full range of glucose levels, which could reduce pain, costs, and deaths in ICU patients.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a four-channel microphysiometer to monitor cell metabolism in near real time. The device can chart variations in oxygen, glucose, and lactic acid levels, providing crucial clues about the impact of unknown biological agents on cells.
Cedars-Sinai researchers found a link between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and insulin resistance in Mexican-Americans. The study used precise diagnostic tests and genetic analysis to identify two LPL haplotypes associated with high or low levels of insulin resistance.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have discovered an effective treatment for McArdle's disease, a rare muscle disorder characterized by fatigue and cramping during exercise. The treatment involves administering an oral source of glucose to improve exercise tolerance in patients with the condition.
A study found that alcohol exposure during prenatal and postnatal stages may program offspring for insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Offspring exposed to ethanol showed increased glycemia, decreased insulin sensitivity, and higher triglyceride levels.
A new approach to glucose management in intensive care units is suggested by the findings, which indicate that tight control can improve vascular function and lower infection risk. The study analyzed data from over 1,800 patients and found a significant association between high blood sugar levels and increased death rates.
Researchers have found that PARP inhibitors can protect brain cells from damage caused by insulin shock, a common complication of severe hypoglycemia. The study shows significant reductions in brain cell death when rats received PARP inhibitors after being induced into a hypoglycemic coma.
Researchers found that buckwheat extract can reduce blood glucose concentrations in rats with chemically-induced diabetes by 12-19%, suggesting its potential as a management aid. The active component chiro-inositol may play a role in this effect, although further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Researchers have discovered a new protein, TUG, that controls the movement of GLUT4, a glucose transporter in cells. This finding may lead to new drug targets for treating Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have discovered a potential therapeutic target for treating hyperglycemic damage in endothelial cells, which is linked to both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Inhibiting GAPDH activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase could activate three major pathways of damage, providing new avenues for treatment.
Researchers review new glucose monitoring technologies, including non-invasive options that could lead to better compliance with testing recommendations. Continuous glucose monitoring systems also hold promise for early detection of hidden glucose trends.
A team of researchers has discovered that injecting radioactive glucose can selectively kill cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. The treatment exploits the fact that cancer cells use more glucose than normal tissue, allowing for targeted delivery of radioactivity.
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Scientists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have identified a new compound that activates glucokinase, an enzyme that regulates blood sugar levels. The compound has shown promise in improving insulin secretion and glucose usage in animals with diabetes, paving the way for potential clinical trials.
Researchers identify protein that bridges signaling and membrane movement, linking insulin's action to glucose uptake. This finding could provide clues for understanding type 2 diabetes, where muscle and fat tissues resist insulin.
A study published in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism found that fatty-acid oxidation is essential for the placenta to function efficiently and support fetal growth. The research could lead to new treatments for low-birth-weight or small babies.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Medicine has found a link between hyperglycemia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants. Infants with ROP had higher daily blood sugar levels compared to healthy peers, with increased risk almost doubling for each 10 mg/dl increase in average monthly glucose.
The study found that the GlucoWatch Biographer improved diabetes control in children by detecting hypoglycemia more frequently and reducing average HbA1c levels. The device was well-tolerated, with only one subject experiencing a mild skin reaction.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have developed a thin plastic sensor that changes color based on glucose concentrations. The sensor, embedded in contact lenses, allows patients to monitor their glucose levels without drawing blood.
The study shows that glucose functions as a signal compound affecting plant growth, germination, and flowering. This discovery may lead to new research on human development disorders like diabetes and obesity.
Teggreen, a green tea polyphenols product, improves lipid and glucose metabolisms in obese rats by enhancing insulin sensitivity and balancing fat deposit and burning. The study reveals significant benefits of Tegreen treatment, including decreased fasting blood glucose and serum triglycerides.
A Stanford research team conducted a comprehensive analysis of low-carbohydrate diets, finding they lead to short-term weight loss through reduced caloric intake. However, there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects and potential health risks associated with these diets.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new microfluidic fuel cell that can generate electricity under pulsating conditions, mimicking the flow of blood. This design could help power medical implants and eliminate the need for frequent glucose level monitoring in diabetics.
Hebrew University scientists have created a new type of enzyme electrode that uses gold nanoparticles to detect glucose in the blood. This technology offers more sensitive and specific measurements than existing techniques, with potential applications for diabetes treatment and implantable biofuel cells.
Researchers have developed a technology that uses gold nanoparticles to attach enzymes to electrodes, improving the measurement of biological molecules. The technique enables more sensitive and specific glucose monitoring in diabetic patients, with higher flow rates detected than with traditional methods.
A recent study published by the American Heart Association found that eating fast food meals more than twice a week was associated with double the risk of abnormal glucose control and a 50% increase in obesity risk. Additionally, frequent TV viewing habits were linked to increased odds of obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Researchers found an inverse relationship between upper leg length and diabetes, with shorter legs associated with higher risk. White women and Mexican-American women showed increased likelihood of diabetes for each centimeter less of ULL.
Researchers found that plasma glucose levels were poorly correlated with birth weight, and factors like smoking, pregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy were more important predictors. The authors also questioned the historic link between gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates.
Researchers found that intermittent fasting reduced degeneration of nerve cells and improved glucose regulation in mice with mutant huntingtin. This suggests that fasting may forestall the development of Huntington's disease in humans.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found an association between impaired glucose regulation and reduced hippocampal volume, leading to poorer memory performance. This suggests that improving glucose tolerance may have significant treatment implications for age-related cognitive decline.
A large study of over 17,000 Dutch adults found that those who drank seven or more cups of coffee a day were 50% less likely to develop type-2 diabetes. The study suggests that components of coffee other than caffeine may be beneficial for glucose metabolism, but long-term effects are unknown.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne discovered a key player in the brain's response to low glucose levels, shedding light on how diabetes and hypoglycemia are regulated. By studying Neuropeptide Y, scientists hope to develop new treatments for these conditions.
Researchers are developing innovative devices that promise to simplify blood glucose monitoring, reducing the risk of complications such as blindness and kidney disease. A symposium will showcase advancements in noninvasive and minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring, including a 'smart tattoo' that glows to reveal glucose levels.
Scientists have created mice that can eat rich, high-fat diets without accumulating fat or risking diabetes. The mice lack the SCD-1 gene, which produces an enzyme required for fat tissue production. Instead of storing excess fat, the mice metabolize it, increasing energy expenditure and oxygen consumption.
A study of 181 patients who had a heart attack found that 35% had impaired glucose tolerance at discharge, while 40% developed it three months later. High fasting blood glucose concentrations and abnormal glucose levels in red blood cells were also associated with impaired glucose metabolism.
A study of 181 patients with acute myocardial infarction found that nearly 40% had impaired glucose tolerance at discharge and 31% had undiagnosed diabetes. The risk factors were independent predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance, suggesting a need for screening tests after heart attacks.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo found that consuming a high-fat meal causes an increase in inflammatory components in the blood. However, taking antioxidant vitamins E and C before consumption can nullify this effect.
A new study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that Australian Aboriginals are more susceptible to diabetes due to excess weight. The researchers suggest lowering BMI guidelines to reduce the risk, which could potentially prevent up to 46% of diabetes cases.
Researchers found glucose oxidase in caterpillar saliva, which converts glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme suppresses plant nicotine production by 26%, making caterpillars healthier.
A Yale study found that 25 percent of severely obese children are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The condition was more prevalent among girls and affected children from diverse ethnic backgrounds.