Articles tagged with Ionization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed triboelectric nanogenerators to charge molecules in mass spectrometers, dramatically boosting sensitivity and allowing for smaller sample volumes. The technology enables controlled ionization and eliminates waste, opening new avenues for scientific applications.
Researchers have developed a method to observe the structure of molecules and track changes within attosecond timescales. By using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists can measure electron interference patterns, providing insight into molecular configurations.
The international collaboration measured lawrencium's first ionization potential with a novel technique, achieving excellent agreement with theoretical calculations that include relativistic effects. This validation confirms Lr's position in the Periodic Table and opens new perspectives for studying superheavy elements.
Scientists developed an extended Monte Carlo computational scheme to improve ionization rates and electron stripping, enabling the study of ionization dynamics on ultrafast timescales. This breakthrough enables ultrafast imaging of complex systems in 3D at near atomic resolution using XFEL pulses.
Researchers at China's PandaX facility aim to detect direct evidence of dark matter interactions with xenon nuclei and observe double-beta decay. The new detector is designed to distinguish between nuclear recoils and electron recoils, with promising results from previous experiments like XENON100.
Researchers at CERN have successfully measured the ionization potential of astatine, a radioactive element with limited knowledge. The study used a novel laser-based technique to determine its binding energy, shedding light on its chemical behavior and potential applications in cancer therapy.
A team of scientists discovered the ionization potential of astatine, filling a long-standing gap in its atomic structure. This finding has implications for targeted alpha therapy in cancer treatment and helps to benchmark theories on super-heavy elements.
Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a rapid and accurate vapor detection method that identifies minute traces of explosives on luggage, cargo or travelers. The system, which 'sniffs' for explosive vapors, has been demonstrated to detect low-volatility compounds like RDX at levels below parts-per-trillion.
Using the world's most powerful X-ray laser, researchers observed an unprecedented charge state by ejecting dozens of electrons from a xenon atom. The discovery reveals new insights into heavy atoms and could have practical applications in research and industry.
New data reveals galaxies formed and fully illuminated the universe by 750 million years old, ending sooner than expected. The epoch of reionization lasted less than 500 million years and was triggered by monster galaxies with over a billion stars.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding correlated electron dynamics by observing double ionization events at the attosecond scale. They found that these events occur earlier than expected, shedding new light on quantum dynamics.
Researchers found significant variations in ionization energy along adenine's reaction pathways, challenging previous understanding and implications for spectroscopic measurements.
Researchers observe valence electrons' motion for the first time, revealing coherent superposition that controls properties. The discovery uses attosecond absorption spectroscopy to explore electron dynamics in atoms and molecules.
A recent study by researchers found that household photoelectric alarms are more likely to remain functional after installation, with only 5% not working nine months later. In contrast, ionization alarms had a 20% failure rate during the same period, often due to nuisance alarms caused by cooking.
Argonne has received $21.5 million in cost-shared DOE grants to develop flexible-fuel engines with ionization sensing technology, aiming for 30% higher efficiency and improved fuel economy. The lab will also explore the use of molybdenum disulfide as a lubricant additive to reduce friction and wear in industrial equipment.
Astronomers have detected ionizing radiation leaking from a dwarf galaxy undergoing star formation, providing insights into the early universe's evolution. The study suggests that hot stars in Haro 11 allowed for some ionization to escape into intergalactic space.
A recent Arizona State University study found that comet gas tails contain high concentrations of ionized carbon monoxide, contrary to previous assumptions that they were composed mostly of water. The team's discovery explains why carbon monoxide molecules are more resilient than water molecules when exposed to sunlight.
Researchers at Hughes Space and Communications have developed a new ion propulsion system that can keep satellites in orbit for up to 25 years, using the inert gas xenon. This innovation reduces the need for frequent fuel replacements, ensuring reliable signal reception and preventing collisions with neighboring satellites.
Researchers have demonstrated an instance of a thin ion layer being pushed downward to create a neutral sodium layer. Contrary to predictions, the formation of this layer was not significantly affected by intense auroral ionization, revealing new insights into the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere.
Hot, ionized gas streams toward the galactic center, bending sharply around it and slingshoting out the other side due to its high velocity. The findings may provide clues to the nature of the mysterious black hole candidate.