Articles tagged with Temperature Measurement
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed an automated optical film-thickness measurement technique that is both inexpensive and nonintrusive. The technique uses light reflection to measure film thickness with an accuracy of one-hundredth of a millimeter.
Scientists have documented reversible bone shrinkage in Galapagos iguanas during El Niño years. The reptiles adapt by shrinking to reach an optimal body size for survival, with significant increases in survival rate and efficiency. Researchers now seek the underlying mechanisms behind this remarkable adaptation.
The Annals of Internal Medicine's Millennium Issue explores various facets of time, including its impact on physician time management and patient care. The issue delves into alternative views of time, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to medicine.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have successfully controlled and measured extremely high temperatures in microscopic gas bubbles formed by ultrasound. These hot spots can reach temperatures as high as a star surface and drive high-energy chemical reactions.
Scientists will gather at the University of Michigan to discuss technical problems in measuring global carbon emissions, including identifying 'sinks' for locking up atmospheric carbon. The three-day symposium aims to advance our understanding and verification of carbon credits.
Scientists create a new 'drought map' using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data to identify areas hardest hit by the drought. The map compares current surface temperature measurements to average temperatures over the last 10 years, showing whether an area has a normal, low, medium or high drought index.
CSIRO scientists have measured a minuscule decline in oxygen over the past 20 years, which has shed new light on the role of forests and oceans in absorbing carbon dioxide. The oxygen reduction, just 0.03%, is negligible for human breathing but highlights the importance of plant life in capturing half of the CO2 generated by fossil fuels.
Scientists are conducting a month-long atmospheric research effort near Nauru to study the tropical ocean's impact on global weather and climate. The Tropical Western Pacific serves as the earth's heat engine, driving global weather events such as El Nino and La Nina.
The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft has developed a new method for deriving reliable information from experimental data using probability theory, providing significant cost savings. The 'multi-resolution method' is widely applicable to various fields, including fusion research, medicine, and astronomy.
The new device measures worker exposure to carbon monoxide and is more accurate than existing methods. It can be used as an occupational dosimeter or residential passive sampler.
The US Air Force has upgraded its test facility to conduct wideband bistatic imaging and radar cross-section measurements of full-sized aircraft. The Bistatic Coherent Measurement System (BICOMS) provides a mobile system for bistatic as well as monostatic tests, improving efficiency and accuracy.
Researchers have created a technique to measure the electrical characteristics of individual carbon nanotubes, confirming their potential in making small circuits and computer chips. The new method enables scientists to conduct electricity without heating up, addressing a major obstacle in producing smaller electronic components.
Researchers at Cornell University have created a nanoharp to study the physics of very small vibrating systems. The device consists of silicon rods suspended above a substrate and measures vibrations using laser light, detecting frequencies up to 380 MHz.
Research suggests that infrared thermometers can accurately measure newborn temperatures, especially after feeding and before transferring to cribs. However, using these devices on older infants may not yield accurate results.
Scientists have found that unusually extensive stratospheric clouds over the South Pole contributed to the near-record-size ozone hole in Antarctica. POAM III measurements provide valuable insights into how Earth's ozone layer responds to global temperature changes and decreasing atmospheric chlorine levels.
The study adds 1998 data to a two-decade global temperature trend, showing significant warming in the troposphere and cooling in the lower stratosphere. The results contradict past claims that the lower tropospheric data show no warming trend.
Scientists observed solar activity directly affecting Earth's outer atmosphere, causing auroral light displays. The Polar satellite measured the effects of a massive solar storm that pumped 200 gigawatts of energy into Earth's atmosphere.
A new study using precise elevation measurements from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft provides a detailed picture of Mars' north polar region. The findings suggest that any water in the region should flow towards the pole, rather than the equator, due to its depression-like structure.
Researchers continuously monitored carbon dioxide flux at a 35-acre tree-kill area near Horseshoe Lake, discovering daily cycles that defy temperature explanation. The data suggests barometric pressure oscillations and Earth tides may influence the degassing rate, highlighting the complexity of volcanic gas emission.
An international team of scientists analyzed satellite radar measurements, finding no significant melting or instability in the West Antarctic ice sheet's middle section. The study suggests the answer to whether global warming affects its stability is no, at least for now.
The image clearly demonstrates the principle behind UHIPP, showing how natural and manmade surfaces affect city temperatures. Urban forests are crucial in keeping cities cool, according to Dr. Jeff Luvall, and streamside vegetation has a cooling effect as streams flow from mountains.
The TEMPUS furnace, used on NASA's Microgravity Sciences Laboratory-1 mission in 1998, has demonstrated its value by making repeat measurements that matched very closely with one another. Scientists are now analyzing the data to correct surface tension measurements and make the first-ever reliable viscosity measurements.
A NASA image reveals the significant impact of urbanization on Sacramento's city temperature, with buildings reaching up to 140 degrees F. The study emphasizes the importance of urban forests in regulating city temperatures and suggests that their extent and arrangement play a crucial role in mitigating heat island effects.
Penn State researchers investigate the ionosphere and atmospheric sodium using a six-minute rocket flight. They aim to determine if sodium can be used as a tracer of atmospheric motion and understand its relationship with sodium ions.
University of Michigan scientists measure how matter changes under extreme pressure using a high-resolution femtosecond laser. The experiment confirms earlier predictions about atom behavior in super-dense environments, providing insight into phase transitions and electron conductivity.
Urban Heat Island Pilot Project measures city cooling with urban forests. Cities like Sacramento & Salt Lake City use trees to reduce surface heating, improving air quality & mitigating heat stress. The study helps develop planning strategies for cities worldwide.
A new study by Ohio State University researcher Jay Frogel warns that El Niño events can change atmospheric data by up to 2 percent, affecting precise astronomical measurements. This alteration occurs due to the increased water content in the atmosphere during El Niño events.
December 1997 was the coldest month on record in the Earth's lower stratosphere, indicating a cooling trend over the past 15 years. This is consistent with ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere.
The MEPHISTO experiment, part of NASA's USMP-4 mission, collected nearly three times as much data as planned, providing valuable insights into solidification phenomena. The data will help refine manufacturing processes on Earth, particularly in the electronics industry.
The USMP-4 space mission closed with ongoing astrophysics research using cosmic ray measurements to analyze Confided Helium Experiment data. The Confined Helium Experiment used liquid helium to measure the finite size effect, and scientists are analyzing radiation effects to understand background heating noise.
Recent satellite data show no definitive warming trend in Earth's lower atmosphere over past two decades, contradicting computer models' predictions. The accurate temperature measurements are verified by multiple methods, including balloon-borne observations and intercalibration among orbiting platforms.
The MeasureNet system provides quick access to data, allowing teams of students to share and analyze results. By phasing it in over the last academic year, all students in first-year labs were using the system by spring quarter 1997, with overwhelmingly positive reactions.
Peter Nagy's research uses laser irradiation to pinpoint damage specific to fatigue in older aircraft. By detecting changes in metal behavior when heated, he can identify the inherent degradation of materials and prevent further cracking.
Recent satellite and in-situ measurements reveal no definitive warming trend in the tropical free troposphere over the past two decades. The low humidity in this region allows more infrared radiation to escape from the Earth, cooling the atmosphere. Current computer models inaccurately handle humidity processes in this region.
Researchers at ORNL are developing medical telesensors to measure vital signs such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate in combat zones. The sensors will transmit data wirelessly to remote receivers, enabling medics to quickly identify wounded soldiers and prioritize treatment.
Researchers use infrared spectrometer to study Comet Hale-Bopp, revealing an abundance of silicate grains with crystalline and amorphous structures. The findings provide valuable clues about the comet's makeup and potential origins of the solar system.
A team of NASA scientists disagrees with a recent study suggesting that satellite data shows no warming trend in the Earth's lower atmosphere, while surface temperature data shows a +0.12 deg C/decade increase. The disagreement is largely due to differences between satellite and surface measurements over oceans versus land areas.
Researchers developed a microelectrode that can measure multiple chemical species simultaneously in seawater biofilms, including dissolved oxygen, iron, manganese, and iodide. The device is hardy enough to withstand various marine settings and can detect pollutants at low levels.
A new remote imaging technique has given scientists a promising way to better understand breaking waves in the open ocean. The technique measures temperature changes in the 'skin-layer' of the ocean, detecting warmer water mixed up to the surface after a wave breaks.
NASA and University of Alabama scientists report the coldest September on record, with a cooling trend in the stratosphere. The data contradicts rising surface temperatures, fueling discussions about global warming.
Researchers at ORNL developed microscopic sensors using microcantilevers, detecting relative humidity, temperature, and pressure. They can also detect DNA, proteins, and natural gas, with potential as biosensors.
Scientists used a scanning tunneling microscope to visualize the porous microstructure within an activated carbon fiber and relate it to its adsorption properties. The findings reveal that pore size, shape, and surface chemistry play a crucial role in determining absorption capabilities.