Lester, a renowned chemist from Salem, Virginia, has won the ACS E.V. Murphree Award in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry for his pioneering contributions to catalytic converter technology. This innovation has significantly reduced pollutants in automobile exhaust by 99 percent since 1975.
Thomas B. Rauchfuss's research focuses on metal sulfides that act as catalysts, taking sulfur out of oil and coal to reduce acid rain. His work aims to improve the efficiency and understanding of these catalysts to create cleaner fuels.
Bard has made significant contributions to the field of chemistry, including work on scanning electrochemistry microscopy and its applications in studying chemical reactions and biological functions. He is also a dedicated teacher and mentor, having mentored over 200 graduate students and thousands of undergraduate chemistry students.
The StratoSail system uses a wing suspended below the balloon to steer it through wind, enabling maneuvering towards desired regions or away from unfavorable conditions. With NASA funding, this technology aims to increase science observation strategies, safety, and payload recovery for stratospheric balloons.
A study by UC Berkeley's Bruce N. Ames found that megavitamin therapies can effectively treat over 50 genetic diseases, mostly rare metabolic disorders due to defective enzymes. High-dose vitamins, particularly B vitamins like niacin and thiamine, may also improve metabolism in older populations.
Researchers found that lung injuries among mice lacking CD44 receptors developed inflammation that persisted until the receptors were restored. The study suggests a vital link between the CD44 receptor and the body's healing process.
Researchers found that behavior management programs improved sleep in 54% of CBT group participants and 39% in the HART group. These programs teach individuals to reset their 'sleep clock' by adhering to a regular sleep period, reducing daytime naps, and avoiding activities that make it difficult to fall asleep.
The Lancet series highlights the prevalence of gender-based violence worldwide, which accounts for as much death and ill-health in women aged 15-44 years as cancer. The World Bank reports that violence against women is a greater cause of ill-health than malaria and traffic accidents combined.
Researchers found that women who develop preeclampsia have reduced levels of SHBG protein in their first-trimester blood tests. The association remains even in lean or overweight women, suggesting insulin resistance as a true risk factor.
A recent study found that childhood sexual abuse is a top predictor for HIV infection in women, with those who suffered abuse at age 18 being seven times more likely to engage in high-risk unprotected sex. Women who experienced trauma also faced greater economic and social challenges, making them more vulnerable to further exploitation.
Kurt W. Swogger, Dow vice president of research and development, received the American Chemical Society's Earle B. Barnes Award for Leadership in Chemical Research Management. The award recognizes his innovative approach to developing customer-specific plastics using molecular architecture, which has led to increased efficiency and suc...
The sequenced rice genome contains 45,000-56,000 genes, which could provide a roadmap for improving cereal crops like maize, wheat, and barley. The research aims to increase crop yields and vitamin content, addressing global food shortages and hunger.
Giacinto Scoles receives Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry for inventing new methods of creating controlled molecular beams, allowing study of chemical reactions in unprecedented detail. These techniques also contribute to the development of better semiconductors with improved performance.
Researchers have discovered a new method to isolate and understand the chemicals released by male sea lampreys to lure females. The study reveals that males release pheromones, not females, to initiate mating, offering potential new strategies for controlling sea lamprey populations.
Dr. Doyle, a prominent chemist, has received the ACS George C. Pimentel Award for his contributions to chemical education. His most notable contribution is a study of 136 schools from 1986-2000 that found only 25% of published papers had student authors.
Ruedenberg's theories describe how molecules' energy states change during reactions, predicting product properties. His contributions help elucidate bond formation between atoms.
Two new studies found a relationship between high cat allergen concentrations in the home and increased asthma symptoms among sensitized women. Researchers also discovered common delays in TB diagnosis and treatment, as well as abnormal pulmonary function linked to bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
A new study suggests that vitamin C can increase resting metabolism in older adults by combating oxidative stress, potentially leading to a reduction in age-related weight gain and associated diseases. Higher resting metabolic rates have been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Chicago chemist James P. Shoffner has been honored with the American Chemical Society's Award for Encouraging Disadvantaged Students into Careers in the Chemical Sciences. Through initiatives like Project SEED, he provides opportunities for young students from inner cities to gain laboratory experience and connect with role models.
Researchers developed a 3D biochip with tiny chemical reactor chambers and microfluidic delivery systems for growing cells and delivering chemicals. This technology enables high-throughput screening of hundreds of thousands of molecules while minimizing toxicity testing on animal models.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that methotrexate treatment significantly improves survival rates among rheumatoid arthritis patients. By reducing cardiovascular mortality, methotrexate may provide a substantial survival benefit, setting a standard for future disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski's innovative approach to making finely crafted polymers, known as 'living polymerization,' allows for tailor-made structures and properties. His technique enables the creation of complex polymer shapes and arrangements with precise control.
A Minneapolis chemist has won a national award for his work on separating molecules using membranes, which can improve efficiency in distillation processes. His unique approach has also been applied to separate oxygen from water, as demonstrated by an experiment with a dog named Muggins.
Theresa Corley, a Birmingham chemistry teacher, has won the ACS James Bryant Conant Award in High School Chemistry Teaching for her innovative approach to teaching high school chemistry. Her method incorporates real-life scenarios, history, and guest presentations to foster a sense of inquiry among her students.
A Texas A&M chemist has developed new tools to analyze molecules and improve catalyst efficiency. The researcher's work aims to better understand complex catalysts, which are crucial in various industrial processes.
Marshall's work with mass spectrometry has enabled the analysis of complex mixtures such as blood and crude oil, identifying thousands of molecules and creating unique identifiers for oil sources. His techniques have been widely adopted in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and forensic science.
Bipin V. Vora has developed more efficient ways to make chemicals from petroleum, reducing environmental harm. His work on linear alkylbenzenes has improved the manufacture of environmentally-friendly detergents, making them safer for water and wildlife.
Short-course regimens and pre-delivery, labour, and post-delivery therapy significantly reduce HIV-1 transmission rates from mother to child. Triple drug combinations may be even more effective.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers have developed a method to grow carbon nanotubes up, out, and in all three dimensions, providing unprecedented control over their growth. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of Lilliputian devices and complex networks comprised of molecular units.
Researchers found no statistical difference between sulindac and placebo groups in preventing polyp development or colon cancer, contradicting previous evidence. Sulindac may be ineffective at preventing polyps in newly diagnosed FAP patients, suggesting a need for alternative treatments.
Scientists have discovered a rare fossil of a brittle star with preserved fleshy tube feet, providing evidence of an ecological shift through time. The findings challenge traditional understanding of soft tissue preservation and offer new insights into the evolutionary history of starfishes.
A new low-voltage microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch has been developed for integration with existing technologies in high-speed electronics. The switch boasts a tiny metal pad that can move up or down in under 25 microseconds, providing a very low insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB.
A new study by Scripps scientists reveals that intermediate-sized predators can have significant impacts on ecosystems, contrary to previous conclusions. The research highlights the importance of considering all species, not just larger ones, for maintaining ecosystem stability and biodiversity.
A new framework for predicting underground rock geometry has been developed, enabling coal and gas companies to better understand their drilling operations. The research uses electric logs from wells and field work to interpret the types of sandstone bodies present, which are critical for finding deposits.
The NCCN has released new guidelines to address cancer-related fatigue and treatment-related anemia in cancer patients. The guidelines provide a framework for clinicians to assess and treat these conditions, with a focus on symptom management and improving patient outcomes.
A study of 93 patients hospitalised due to acetaminophen overdose found that those who accidentally overdosed fared less well, despite lower drug levels. Delayed treatment and alcohol consumption exacerbated liver damage and death risk.
Researchers studied sandstone formation in Pennsylvanian time period to understand climate, environment, and grain influences on diagenesis. They found quartz cement played a significant role in storing silica-rich fluids, potentially leading to discoveries of oil, gas, or water.
A University of Toronto geochemist has found evidence of abiogenic gases in underground mines, matching hydrocarbons formed from non-life-based reactions. The discovery raises the possibility that life on Earth could be sustained by these gases, challenging previous assumptions about the origins of complex life.
A new study suggests that taking supplements of both vitamins C and E can significantly reduce coronary arteriosclerosis in heart transplant patients. After one year, the group receiving antioxidants showed little to no thickening and narrowing of their coronary arteries, while those receiving a placebo experienced significant changes.
Researchers found that when treatment outcomes were impaired quality of life, such as severe functional or cognitive impairment, a significant number of patients (74.4% and 88.8%) lost their willingness to receive treatment. In contrast, the impact on preferences was more nuanced with mortality, where only when the likelihood increased...
The new model traces water vapor from its source in the atmosphere to where it falls back to Earth, providing a clearer picture of how water moves. This allows for more accurate weather forecasts by identifying regional sources of atmospheric moisture.
A novel gene therapy approach has been successfully tested on a 33-year-old cystic fibrosis patient, using a patented DNA compaction technology. The treatment aims to deliver healthy genes into cells to produce normal proteins needed by patients with the disease.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a dense plastic foam material reinforced with tiny clay particles, increasing its density and strength. The new technology aims to replace solid plastics in structural applications, making products lighter while maintaining their appearance.
Researchers have discovered a chemical messenger called fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF 18) that regulates bone development in growing embryos. FGF 18 appears to coordinate both the lengthening and hardening of bones, which may lead to new understanding of diseases such as achondroplasia and osteoporosis.
Scientists at Michigan Medicine have discovered that leptin is linked to blood clot formation, particularly in obese individuals. Knowing how to block this interaction could help prevent heart attacks and strokes.
Researchers found that statins block the vasoconstrictive effects of A-beta protein and have anti-inflammatory properties that may protect against dementia. Statin treatment has been linked to a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in populations studied.
Researchers have identified new markers for prostate and colon cancers, as well as a potential tumor suppressor gene. TIG1 was found to be expressed in normal prostate tissue but not malignant tumors, suggesting it may play a role in cancer progression.
The University of California, Santa Barbara's Nakamura is awarded a multi-million dollar ERATO grant to develop gallium nitride bulk crystals, crucial for commercial use in lasers and transistors. The research aims to explore inhomogeneity in nitride crystals and enable the tuning of energy levels.
A UCSF study found high levels of HCV infection among young low-income women in San Francisco, with injection drug use and HSV-2 co-infection contributing to transmission. The study also highlights the need for public health efforts beyond needle exchange programs to address non-needle drug use and sexually transmitted diseases.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified a gene, AMACR, which triggers production of a specific enzyme involved in fat metabolism. The protein is detected in over 95% of localized prostate cancer cells and shows high sensitivity and selectivity ratings for diagnostic purposes.
A study led by Dr. Lena Lavie found that sleep apnea patients have increased adhesion molecules and free radicals on their white blood cells, which contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Effective treatment with CPAP may not reverse this process, highlighting the need for further research.
Researchers identified a novel gene alteration that contributes to colon cancer growth, suggesting a new target for diagnosis and treatment. The discovery also hints at the possibility of reversing methylation-based tumor progression, potentially leading to a non-invasive diagnostic test.
A study by Dr. David Veenstra at the University of Washington identified two genetic variants associated with an increased risk of severe bleeding incidents in patients taking warfarin. Patients with these variants required longer time to achieve stable dosing, suggesting potential for dose adjustment and closer monitoring.
A recent study found that women with lower incomes and those insured by Medicaid had worse breast cancer treatment outcomes, including later-stage diagnoses, reduced radiation therapy, and higher mortality rates. Socioeconomic factors accounted for most of the disparities in these outcomes.
A new study found that hormone replacement therapy, particularly estrogen alone, may increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. Women who used sequential progestins with estrogens had a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who never used HRT.
A study found that nearly 800 monkeys in Cameroon were infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses, highlighting the risk of human exposure through hunting and handling primates. The diversity among the viruses suggests a high degree of human exposure to SIVs.
A genetic variant in the adducin gene has been found to be associated with a significant reduction in heart attack and stroke risk when patients take low-dose diuretics. The study found that individuals with this variant were twice as likely to avoid cardiovascular events when treated with diuretics.
Researchers found that two American infants were infected with African strains of HIV as early as 1994. The study suggests that more complicated regimens work best to combat the spread of HIV in pediatric patients, but may pose social problems for children entering adolescence.
A recent report highlights nuclear fallout in the US from Cold War testing, which increases cancer incidence and affects global populations. The editorial also critiques South Africa's delay in providing antiretroviral treatment to pregnant women with HIV.
A study of 643 women found that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk in people with no signs of heart disease. Regular exercise has been shown to decrease blood pressure in all groups of people, regardless of their weight or ethnicity.