A study by Andrew Steptoe and colleagues found that lower-level civil servants showed higher biological stress responses, including heart rate and cortisol levels, compared to their high-status counterparts. The study suggests that the experience of lower social status may trigger these responses.
Researchers used satellite data and a computer model to study ozone formation, finding that lightning strikes in tropical Atlantic may be a major contributor. The study combined data from multiple NASA satellites and a Canadian computer model to make the surprising discovery.
The updated Guidelines provide practitioners with a list of suggested combination regimens for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, taking into consideration factors such as potency, toxicities, and dosing frequency. The revised document aims to simplify the process of selecting an effective treatment regimen for HIV/AIDS patients.
A study found that Alzheimer's disease alters a protein called calbindin in brain cells, leading to cognitive deficits. Calbindin levels in granule cells were strongly correlated with cognitive decline in genetically engineered mice and human patients.
Long-term, heavy smoking significantly increases prostate cancer risk in middle-aged men, with double the risk of aggressive forms. Current smokers also face a 40% higher risk compared to nonsmokers.
A recent study found that women with higher plasma cysteine levels had a significantly reduced risk of developing breast cancer. The association was strongest among leaner women, suggesting potential chemopreventive benefits against breast cancer.
Scientists found that the biological clock in mice and rats responds to temperature changes rather than light signals. This discovery has significant implications for understanding jet lag and could lead to new treatments for related conditions.
A study found that doctors and mental-health professionals often fail to address alcohol consumption during visits, even when patients have multiple health or social problems. This missed opportunity can lead to inadequate treatment referrals and counseling.
Pilots who used nicotine gum or donepezil performed better in flight simulator tasks than control groups, while those who consumed alcohol showed impaired skills. The study suggests that nicotine and donepezil may help pilots cope with long flights without cigarettes.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a mechanism that determines early blood cell fate by interacting with two related proteins, GATA-2 and GATA-1. This finding may help hematologists treat patients with severe cancer or blood disorders by expanding HSC numbers.
Researchers found significant genetic differentiation among Anolis lizard populations on Caribbean islands, revealing unexpected dimensions of biodiversity. The study suggests that multiple species may be present within a single island's ecosystem, and factors such as geography and ecology could be driving the DNA evolution.
UT Southwestern researchers have defined sites in human genes most prone to mutation, which could lead to discovery of genetic bases of many human diseases. The study identified distinctive DNA sequence patterns and rules for predicting mutations.
A study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that middle-aged and older alcoholics are at greater risk for suicide than young alcoholic adults. The researchers also discovered an association between increased age, mood disorders, and medically serious suicide attempts.
A Phase III trial found that pemetrexed and cisplatin significantly improved one-year survival rates for mesothelioma patients to 56.5%, compared to 41.9% for those receiving only cisplatin.
Research finds a direct relationship between puffins' breeding success and temperature, with warm waters hindering their ability to catch fish and abandon chicks. The study warns of potential extinctions if warming continues or increases in frequency.
Researchers identified 58 genes dissimilar between normal and left-sided tumor samples, and 118 between normal and right-sided tumor samples. The study provides new insights into why some patients respond to treatment while others do not.
David Botstein, known as 'The Father of Modern Genetics', was awarded the 2003 Gruber Prize for his groundbreaking work on human genetic mapping and the discovery of transposons in bacteria. He will continue to lead research at Princeton University's Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.
Researchers found a direct link between low dose cadmium exposure and increased risk for breast cancer in female rats. Cadmium mimics estrogen's effects, leading to changes in mammary gland density and uterine weight, similar to early onset of breast cancer.
Scientists have confirmed a new target for treating skin cancer by identifying the JNK2 enzyme. When JNK2 is lacking, skin cells are inhibited or delayed in response to UVB light. This delay could lead to a reduction in nonmelanoma skin cancer development.
A study at Duquesne University found that black cohosh, commonly used for menopausal symptoms, may promote progression to metastatic disease in women with early stage breast cancer. The research suggests women who develop breast cancer or are at high risk should proceed with caution or avoid taking the herbal extract.
Researchers have developed a new generation of targeted cancer therapies using bispecific antibodies that target multiple proteins in cancer cells, increasing radiation sensitivity and specificity. The therapy is expected to improve treatment outcomes for patients with breast and ovarian cancers.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center have found that oxaliplatin can effectively treat human cancers resistant to other platinum-based therapies. The drug works differently than cisplatin and shows promise in combination with radiation therapy for patients with earlier stages of rectal cancer.
Researchers have discovered a new bone-targeted mTOR inhibitor that decreases both tumor proliferation and bone breakdown for the treatment of bone cancer. Additionally, studies have shown efficacy of radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled HerceptinTM in combination with gemcitabine in treating intraperitoneal disease.
A new study suggests that telomere dysfunction may play a causal role in human intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) found in precancers. Short telomeres were found in the majority of precursor lesions across various types of cancers, indicating potential early molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development.
A recent study by A. A. Hoffmann et al. found that the fruit fly Drosophila birchii lacks genetic variation to adapt to changing thermal conditions, a concern for endangered species. UC Riverside's Derek Roff warns that global warming may exacerbate this issue, threatening the survival of already endangered species.
A new test using ProPSA detected prostate cancer at lower PSA levels, identifying more aggressive forms of the disease. The test improved detection of early aggressive cancer in men who may not have been caught until it was too late.
A study found that applying a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug cream to the skin reduced muscle soreness by 37-45% in healthy males after exercise. This method avoids systemic side effects associated with oral NSAID use, which are common among patients.
Professor Marchant's research team will analyze how new genomic data can be integrated into existing laws and regulations, as well as identify ethical and policy considerations for using genetic data in environmental decision-making. The goal is to develop criteria for using human genome data in environmental regulation.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have made accurate measurements of waiting-point nuclei masses, confirming theories of how X-ray bursts are produced. The unique ATLAS facility enabled precise determination of the selenium-68 nucleus mass, with a precision 30 times higher than previous measurements.
Researchers identified 'dominance complementation' as a key factor in hybrid vigor, revealing that hybrids benefit from genes and regulatory factors beyond simple parent combinations. This discovery could lead to stronger, healthier, or more productive corn strains.
Plant fertility depends on understanding how pollen tubes navigate towards egg cells. Researchers identified a key molecular signaling system involving gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) that guides pollen tube growth.
Researchers use unzipping force analysis of protein association (UFAPA) to study protein-DNA interactions, predicting applications in genomic sequencing and drug development.
New study enhances earlier paper on congestive heart failure analysis by adding clinical data, enabling mortality risk determination. Researchers also discover new type of superconductor that carries more current and remains stable in higher magnetic fields. Additionally, carbon nanotube transistors exhibit performance improvements reg...
Researchers used blood samples to analyze protein patterns and determine if biopsies were necessary. The test showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 67%, suggesting it could save over 50% of biopsies. The study's results may lead to more accurate cancer detection and tailored therapy for individual patients.
Hypochondriasis affects 4-9% of primary care outpatients, leading to insecure attachment and problems with health care satisfaction. The study suggests that childhood adversity and insecure attachment can contribute to hypochondriasis in adulthood, highlighting the need for effective treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy.
A recent study found that infection control practitioners' perceptions of the bioterrorism threat can leave them unprepared in case of an attack. The survey, conducted by Saint Louis University, revealed that those in rural areas and the Midwest felt less at risk than urban residents.
Researchers used molecular methods to identify genetically unique areas on Sulawesi, prioritizing conservation efforts for species with distinct evolutionary lineages. The study highlights the need for targeted resource allocation to maximize biodiversity conservation.
The study found that injection drug users in Pakistan were more than three times as likely to report sharing needles after the war began. High-quality heroin availability led some users to shift to injection synthetic opiates, increasing the risk of HIV and blood-borne infections.
A UBC-led research team has confirmed the existence of the universe's oldest and farthest planet, a gas giant formed 13 billion years ago. The ancient world takes a century to complete each orbit and is unlikely to support life due to its metal-poor composition.
An international study found that smaller aneurysms (less than seven millimeters) are at low risk for rupture, and patients' age, location of the aneurysm, and history of previous ruptures are key factors to consider. The study also showed that treatment risks increase substantially after age 50 and older.
Researchers discover mutant gene in mice causing premature ovarian failure, which may be factor in human infertility and cancer. The findings provide a molecular foothold into the process of egg activation and maturation, potentially leading to new contraceptive methods.
A group of leading US public sector agricultural research institutions has agreed to share their patented technologies to help improve staple crop varieties like rice, cassava, and sorghum. The Public-Sector Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA) initiative aims to accelerate research and development to boost the domest...
The Public-Sector Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA) is a roadmap guiding public research institutions in managing and sharing intellectual property. PIPRA aims to facilitate the commercialization of new crops by allowing multiple institutions to hold parts of intellectual property rights.
A national study found that 43% of patients reported nausea on the day of treatment, and 73% experienced nausea one or more days later. Delayed nausea is a significant problem, affecting twice as many patients who felt ill in the following days compared to those who felt queasy initially.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Children's Center and Arkansas Children's Hospital found that certain children with low levels of allergy antibodies may completely lose their peanut allergy. The study suggests that these 'outgrowers' should be retested on a regular basis to determine if they have maintained their tolerance level.
The Lombardi Cancer Center will investigate how drinking affects breast cancer risk, focusing on estrogens, free radicals, and gene mutations. The center aims to improve public health recommendations and inform individual lifestyle choices.
The ISUIA study found that smaller aneurysms than previously thought may warrant treatment, and endovascular treatment resulted in lower disability and death rates compared to open brain surgery. This suggests additional advantages for patients with specific characteristics.
A study of 1700 women found that radiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of recurrent ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the same breast by over 60%. However, tamoxifen had no effect on reducing invasive cancer risk. The results suggest that radiotherapy may be beneficial for younger patients with DCIS detected by mammography.
A new study suggests that children's brains are wired to downplay the sensation of their own physical actions, leading to increased force being used in play. This mechanism may also explain why kids can't tickle themselves, but feel the full effect when someone else does.
Researchers at FIRS Laboratories have identified a monoclonal autoantibody responsible for hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease. This breakthrough discovery may lead to the development of new agents controlling the action of autoantibodies and treating related hormonal disorders.
A one-year study is being conducted at the University of Illinois Chicago to explore the effectiveness of botanicals in treating menopause symptoms. The research aims to determine whether these alternatives can provide relief from hot flashes and other symptoms, while also examining potential risks.
Two studies suggest that regular use of ibuprofen and aspirin inhibits breast cancer formation, while a low-dose tamoxifen regimen may effectively treat breast cancer with fewer side effects. Another study found that a combination of low-dose COX-2 inhibitors and fish oil may reduce colon cancer risk.
The Lancet appoints Dr. Tobias to a $15 billion programme tackling AIDS in African and Caribbean countries most devastated by the pandemic. Critics argue that his lack of knowledge about Africa and connections to the pharmaceutical industry may compromise his credibility.
Researchers found that people can learn to recognize early symptoms of injury and take steps to maintain their health. Training in muscle relaxation and breathing techniques significantly decreased symptoms and improved well-being among volunteers.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology found that higher education or a larger brain size may help delay dementia. The research, based on data from the Nun Study, suggests that having more years of formal education or better early brain development can provide extra reserve for cognitive funct...
A two-year study found autistic children have difficulty with early face-to-face interaction, which relates to pointing and showing abilities. The research suggests this problem starts earlier in development than previously thought.
A study by Penn State researchers suggests that ancestry mix may be a key factor in obesity prevalence among African-American women. The analysis found an association between body mass index and West African ancestry, with implications for understanding the genetic basis of health disparities.
Researchers have identified gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) as a key signaling molecule that triggers plant reproduction and guides the growth of pollen tubes. In contrast, mutants with deficient GABA degradation produce a massive increase in the chemical signal, overwhelming the pollen tubes and disrupting their guidance.
Researchers have found that stem cells from blood vessels can regenerate wasting muscle in mice with muscular dystrophy-like symptoms. The study's results provide a possible new approach for treating the disease, which currently has no cure.
A global strategy aims to protect households from catastrophic health-care payments. By reducing out-of-pocket spending, financing through general taxes and social insurance can provide access to needed services.