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Science News for January 9, 2003


Evolution of galaxy-spanning magnetic fields explained

Scientists have developed a new theory explaining the formation of large-scale magnetic fields in galaxies, which twist and expand like elastic ribbons. The theory resolves a long-standing problem in astrophysics by showing how turbulence creates opposing small-scale fields that eventually suppress growth.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 9, 2003

Researchers discover protein defect linked to gastrointestinal cancer

Researchers have identified a mutated form of the enzyme PDGFRA, which is found in many body tissues and may trigger gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The study validates a novel molecular technology that can be used to find additional targets for cancer treatments.

SourceOregon Health & Science University·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

UF study: Calorie restriction reduces age-related brain cell death

Researchers found that calorie-restricted diets reduced levels of proteins linked to cell death and increased beneficial protein ARC, which prevents neuron death. The findings have significant implications for alleviating memory loss and mental declines associated with aging.

SourceUniversity of Florida·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 9, 2003

UMass team develops novel self-assembly processes for nanotech applications

Researchers at UMass developed a method to create robust capsules from nanometer-sized particles and make them water-soluble by shining light on them. The study also found that nanoparticles can be functionalized with tailored properties, such as luminescence, and that larger particles win in assembly competitions.

SourceUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

Genetics of familial atrial fibrillation revealed, Science researchers report

Researchers have identified the KCNQ1 gene as the primary cause of familial atrial fibrillation, a condition affecting nearly one in 20 individuals over 65. The mutation leads to excessive potassium channel activity, disrupting normal heart rhythms and increasing the risk of heart failure.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

UCI study offers blueprint for pinpointing sources of beach water pollution

A UCI study reveals a new method to identify and track specific sources of water pollution at beaches by combining bacteria sampling with genetic testing. The approach has already led to significant reductions in bacteria levels and beach closures in Catalina Island.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateJan 9, 2003
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Researchers identify key pathway in the pupil’s response to light

Researchers identify a crucial pathway in the retina that allows the pupil to respond to light, even when rods and cones are absent. This discovery suggests a complex non-visual photoreceptive system in the inner retina that helps regulate the body's internal clock and unconscious activities.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

Endangered northern right whales exposed to paralytic shellfish poisoning

Scientists find that northern right whales in Grand Manan Basin are exposed to substantial amounts of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, which can cause chronic impairment and death. The toxins may affect diving capabilities, leading to poorer condition, reduced calving rates, and increased susceptibility to disease.

SourceUniversity of Rhode Island·JournalHarmful Algae·DateJan 9, 2003

Students eat excessive amounts of fat at school

The study found that students consumed an average of 26 grams of total fat at school, exceeding the recommended 20 grams. A la carte items and student-run stores also contributed to high-fat consumption, with cafeteria lunches being the largest contributor.

SourceCenter for Advancing Health·JournalPreventive Medicine·DateJan 9, 2003

From sardines to anchovies and back in 50 years

The Pacific Ocean's sardine and anchovy regimes alternate every 25 years, affecting the marine food web and climate. These cycles are similar to El Niño events but take place over longer time periods.

SourceMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

Molecule helps pupils respond to light

Researchers have discovered that the molecule melanopsin is necessary for the pupil to constrict properly in response to light. Melanopsin is part of a distinct light-sensing pathway that complements the primary visual pathway, and its loss affects the pupillary light reflex, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and hormone secretion.

SourceHoward Hughes Medical Institute·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

Radiation-resistant organism reveals its defense strategies

Researchers found that Deinococcus radiodurans' DNA is packed tightly into a ring, preventing breakage and allowing it to withstand extreme stresses. The microbe's unique ring-like DNA structure enables it to repair damaged DNA and survive in harsh environments.

SourceAmerican Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

Researchers discover novel function of gene often associated with cancer

Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have discovered a new role for the BLM gene in repairing DNA breaks, which can lead to cancer. The study found that the BLM gene is essential for maintaining genome stability and preventing chromosome rearrangements similar to those seen in follicular lymphoma.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill·JournalScience·DateJan 9, 2003

If felons could have voted, national election outcomes would have been different

Research suggests that felons and ex-felons could have voted differently in several presidential elections, including the 2000 Bush vs. Gore election, which might have reversed the outcome. This disenfranchisement disproportionately affects working-class poor and African Americans, traditionally voting Democratic.

SourceAmerican Sociological Association·JournalAmerican Sociological Review·DateJan 9, 2003

Cancer risk not equal in both breasts after type of atypia diagnosis

Researchers found women with atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) are three times more likely to develop breast cancer in the same breast, leading to a reevaluation of surgical management and risk reduction strategies. The study's findings also highlight the importance of diligent breast screening for these women.

SourceVanderbilt University Medical Center·JournalThe Lancet·DateJan 9, 2003
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Food for thought: Cells dine on their own brains to stay fit and trim

Researchers discovered yeast cells can recycle their nucleus by removing non-essential components, a critical process for maintaining cellular health. This finding has implications for understanding human diseases such as Bloom's disease, where pieces of nuclei are pinched off into the cytoplasm.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalMolecular Biology of the Cell·DateJan 9, 2003

Exercise and recreation for people with mobility impairments

Researchers investigate various aspects of exercise and recreation for individuals with mobility impairments, including the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted prosthetic sockets, the importance of walking speed after stroke, and the development of rehabilitation technologies. These studies aim to improve the lives of people with spinal c...

SourceVeterans Affairs Research Communications·JournalThe Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development·DateJan 9, 2003

Grant funds research to develop microbicide barrier to HIV

The NIH has awarded nearly $8 million to the University of Pittsburgh and Magee-Womens Research Institute to develop a microbicide barrier to prevent HIV transmission in women. The project aims to create a safe and effective way for women to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center·DateJan 9, 2003
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Viagra deaths explained by new understanding of platelet clumping

A new study reveals that Viagra encourages platelets to aggregate, potentially leading to thrombosis and life-threatening conditions like heart attacks and strokes. The researchers found that the drug's active ingredient raises levels of cGMP, which initially causes platelets to clump but later reverses to prevent excessive buildup.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·JournalCell·DateJan 9, 2003

Powerful technologies probe innate immunity

Scientists are developing an encyclopedia of innate immune system activity using systems biology approaches. This could lead to a better understanding of inflammation and its control, potentially revealing targets for new drugs. The study also explores the use of bioinformatics resources to support research on immune-mediated diseases.

SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·DateJan 9, 2003