Researchers at the University of Utah have identified a novel gene, BYPASS1, that regulates root-to-shoot communication and controls plant architecture. The study reveals that roots produce a growth-inhibiting substance that affects shoot development, providing new insights into plant signaling.
A new Virginia Tech-led initiative will develop research-based changes to the construction industry, focusing on work system designs and technology compatibility with human capabilities. The goal is to reduce accidents, injuries, and fatalities in the sector.
Researchers found that viewers of crime dramas, such as NYPD Blue, were more likely to view crime as a top issue and influenced their overall opinions about the president. Weekly viewers of these programs were nearly twice as likely to report crime as the most important problem facing the nation.
Head lice analysis suggests that modern humans (Homo sapiens) and archaic humans (Homo erectus) carried distinct types of lice. The study proposes a scenario where the New World louse evolved on an archaic form of humans before transferring to a modern version.
Mayo Clinic has been awarded a major NIH contract to conduct genomic research on smallpox vaccination, utilizing its advanced genomics technology center and biostatisticians. The study aims to identify gene polymorphisms affecting susceptibility to infection and response to vaccination.
Research reveals that human olfactory receptor hOR17-4 is expressed on both human sperm cells and olfactory neurons, suggesting a dual capacity for chemosensory functions. This discovery has implications for understanding fertility defects associated with olfactory receptor-dependent chemotaxis in sperm.
A research team led by Peter B. Jahrling has successfully developed a nonhuman primate model of smallpox infection in monkeys. The study demonstrates that variola virus can produce lethal disease in monkeys, providing valuable insight into the pathogenesis of smallpox.
A clinical trial investigates botanicals like black cohosh and red clover for memory loss in menopause, exploring their potential as alternatives to hormone therapy. The study aims to understand how these therapies may influence brain function and cognitive performance.
Researchers at Mount Sinai present groundbreaking studies on prostate and breast cancer treatments, identifying genetic predictors for adverse side effects and developing tailored radiotherapy regimens. The studies aim to improve clinical trials and patient outcomes for these devastating diseases.
Stanford University has established a new center to develop novel nanoprobes for advancing nanoscale science and technology. The center aims to create revolutionary tools for observing, manipulating, measuring, imaging, and controlling nanoscale phenomena.
A landmark longitudinal study reveals that individuals with personality disorder symptoms can experience a decline in their symptoms over time, regardless of treatment or co-occurring conditions. The study's findings challenge the long-held assumption that personality disorders are stable and inflexible.
Research suggests a double dissociation in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia, with summer births associated with deficit syndrome. The association was found across six countries in the northern hemisphere, supporting seasonal variations in etiology.
A study of US travelers who died from malaria between 1963 and 2001 found that most deaths were preventable with proper medication and medical care. The researchers call for better education and resources for travelers and healthcare providers to reduce malaria-related deaths.
Researchers at University of Utah discovered a gene, BPS1, in plant roots that sends chemical signals controlling leaf growth. The study found that manipulating this gene can change the way leaves develop, even when plants have enough food and water.
A study of 32 children found that those whose mothers were occupationally exposed to organic solvents during pregnancy scored lower in intellectual, language, motor, and neurobehavioral functioning. The children also showed reduced ability in recalling sentences despite normal global scores.
According to Dr. Broughton, most children reported missing are runaways or taken by noncustodial parents, not strangers. Children need to learn skills and confidence, not fear and avoidance. Parents can teach personal safety without causing unwarranted fear.
A recent study published by Fox Chase Cancer Center found that patients who used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regularly before their diagnosis and treatment had improved overall survival rates. The research involved 1,206 men with localized prostate cancer and compared the outcomes of those who used NSAIDs regularly to...
The SimBioS Center will enable biologists to integrate, analyze, and model data on human health and disease using innovative software programs. The center aims to bring high-quality physical modeling capabilities to all biologists, addressing key challenges in simulating living systems from individual atoms to entire organisms.
The Science of Learning Center will address the need for rigorous education research by creating a novel research facility called LearnLab. This center will enable learning scientists to conduct research that is as rigorous as traditional laboratory studies and test their results in real classroom settings.
Researchers will investigate the relationship between motor coordination, kinesiophobia, and recurrence of low back pain. The study aims to provide treatment guidelines based on individual motor coordination profiles and kinesiophobia scores.
Researchers in Australia have discovered that frog populations of critically endangered species can persist with stable fungal infections, challenging the role of a deadly disease in their declines. The study found no evidence that survival differed between infected and uninfected frogs, suggesting coexistence rather than devastating i...
A recent study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that episiotomies do not reduce the likelihood of shoulder injuries to infants stuck in the birth canal. Instead, rotating the infant may realign its shoulders to fit within the mother's pelvis.
Researchers investigate protein structures of plants to understand their role in generating shape changes in natural materials. Successful development aims to create synthetic materials that utilize internal pressure changes for controllable shapes.
A Fox Chase Cancer Center study found IMRT to be cost-effective for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer, improving quality-adjusted survival and reducing the need for additional treatments. The study's findings suggest that IMRT may offer better value compared to traditional conformal radiotherapy.
A study found that stress hormones lower the threshold for aggression, while aggression raises stress hormones, leading to a feedback loop. This cycle may contribute to the escalation of violent behavior under stressful conditions.
A Phase 2 trial showed AMG 162 increased bone mineral density at the hip, spine, and total body by 4-7% compared to FOSAMAX®. The therapy was well-tolerated with a common adverse event of dyspepsia.
A study of postmenopausal women found that nearly half had vitamin D levels below the threshold, highlighting the importance of adequate supplementation and proper exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in osteoporosis management by promoting calcium absorption and resorption.
Scientists have developed a method to re-engineer nuclear receptors, allowing them to bind to specific small molecules. The technique enables the detection of common drugs, chemical weapons, and other important molecules. By hijacking cellular machinery, researchers can create new sensing mechanisms.
The study found that spring-fall flu shots were as effective as traditional fall schedules in protecting toddlers from flu complications. Additionally, the spring-fall schedule allowed children to receive their immunizations earlier and completed their vaccination process faster than those in the standard fall group.
A retrospective cohort study of 24,918 patients with type 2 diabetes found those on more than three years of insulin therapy have a significantly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. The study's lead author hopes the findings will lead to more effective cancer prevention efforts.
Researchers found RFA improves quality of life for inoperable lung cancer patients, with complete ablations resulting in tumor size reduction and minimal enhancement on follow-up CT. Pattern enhancement and changes in tumor size are key indicators of successful RFA on CT.
A study of US patients treated with ZYVOX for complicated skin infections caused by MRSA found significantly better clinical cure rates (92% vs. 86%) and reduced healthcare costs ($652 per patient). The treatment's oral option also facilitated earlier discharge, contributing to cost savings.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has reanalyzed the wind loads that the World Trade Center (WTC) towers were originally designed to resist, finding that the values used in the design exceed those established by building codes prior to 1968. The study suggests that the WTC towers' reserve capacity to withstand u...
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has funded the first nanoscale center for learning and teaching, which aims to integrate nanotechnology into existing curricula in grades 7-12. The center will produce modular education materials, expand professional development programs for teachers, and research educational strategies.
A study involving 15,555 participants found that current smokers, ex-smokers, and passive smokers are at a higher risk of habitual snoring. The frequency of snoring increases with the amount of tobacco smoked, with vitamin E showing a potential protective effect against asthma.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have found that a potential small molecule inhibitor, (-)-gossypol, can boost the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in human prostate tumors in mice. The study demonstrates increased induction of apoptosis, making cancer cells more sensitive to treatment.
A study found that the number of CT scans performed for suspected pulmonary embolism increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2002-2003, despite only a proportionate increase in actual cases. Radiologists are now seeing smaller abnormalities that were previously undetectable, leading to reconsideration of clinical issues.
The Penn project, led by Stephen E Kimmel, aims to develop novel ways of working synergistically to address the scientific, logistical, and intellectual barriers to interdisciplinary research. Recent advances have paved the way for significant gains in understanding how genetic variability can alter drug response.
A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address elder abuse, directly impacting quality of life and requiring urgent response from healthcare professionals.
Researchers found that volunteers who consumed larger portions weighed an average of 39% more food and 273 calories per person compared to the previous week. The study suggests that larger portion sizes may be a major factor behind the rise in obesity rates among young adults.
The diatom genome project provides insight into the vital role that diatoms play in mediating global warming by absorbing CO2 and producing oxygen. Diatoms also have a unique urea cycle to reduce their dependence on nitrogen, enabling them to thrive in changing ocean conditions.
Researchers discovered that differences in life histories among parasitoid wasp species lead to 'gaps' that open up over time, resulting in the great diversity of wasps seen in nature. This finding suggests a new basis for explaining how communities assemble and sheds light on the role of evolution in shaping ecological patterns.
A study by the American College of Radiology found that MRI detected more malignant lesions than mammography in women with breast cancer, including larger and more aggressive cancers. The research suggests using MRI to identify potential cancerous areas and downsize mastectomies for some patients.
Researchers have identified a new region on the bcl-2 gene that regulates its expression and stability. This discovery may lead to the development of new cancer therapies by targeting the CA-repeated Region (CAR) to reduce bcl-2 levels in cancer cells.
Researchers at NIST studied four pharmaceuticals and their reactions with chlorine, finding multiple products some of which are highly toxic. The resulting compounds were more hydrophobic than the original drugs, raising concerns about potential environmental and health impacts.
Researchers examined software tools designed to acquire information from PDAs, including deleted data and user passwords. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the capabilities and limitations of these tools.
Researchers have discovered a cottonseed-derived compound that enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in treating various cancers, including prostate cancer. The study's findings suggest that the compound, (-)-gossypol, can increase induction of apoptosis and make tumours more sensitive to radiation therapy.
A five-year study will monitor weed growth and make recommendations for maintaining fragile biodiversity, which is already impacted by development. The research aims to determine the threshold at which nitrogen affects different vegetation types and model future vegetation based on N emissions and urban development scenarios.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism for the formation of active cancer genes in T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia (T-ALL), leading to an uncontrolled growth of immature white blood cells. The study suggests using Glivec, a kinase inhibitor that targets ABL1, as a potential treatment for T-ALL patients.
The Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium will continue to support collaborative student-faculty research projects in astronomy for the next two years. The program has funded over 160 students and nearly 300 presentations since its inception.
The grant aims to develop rapid, efficient methods for producing membrane protein samples for structure determination and physiological function investigation. Membrane proteins are a major target for many drugs on the market, and this research has significant medical potential.
NIST has awarded up to $80.1 million in funding for 32 new advanced technology program (ATP) projects, spanning various key technology areas including energy, medical diagnostics, electronics, and computer interfaces. The projects aim to improve productivity, facilitate trade, and enhance quality of life.
A study analyzed CT scans of 366 patients with abdominal pain to investigate the likelihood of acute appendicitis when the appendix is not visible on the scan. The researchers found that only one out of 46 patients who had an unseen appendix actually had appendicitis, suggesting a very low chance of this condition.
Research published in Journal of Applied Ecology reveals that less than 1% of contaminated carcasses can cause rapid declines in vulture populations. Diclofenac poisoning is identified as the main cause of these declines, which are among the most rapid ever recorded for any wild bird species.