A prospective cohort study of 503 men and women found that downward mobility increases depression risk in men by three and a half times, while women's risk is more closely tied to birth social class.
Researchers investigated tumour necrosis factor alpha, finding higher levels in severe asthmatics with chronic disease resistant to steroid treatment. A treatment using a TNF-alpha blocking drug improved symptoms and lung function in patients with severe asthma.
Researchers have identified a protein in the smallpox virus that elicits a strong human antibody response, providing potential protection against the lethal virus. The discovery could lead to the development of an effective treatment for smallpox, offering immediate protection to individuals at risk.
Researchers successfully transplanted whole ovary from frozen-thawed sheep into the same animal or another, showing long-term ovarian function. The technique could become a treatment for women facing premature ovarian failure and potentially revolutionize organ transplantation.
A team of researchers at Ames Laboratory is using $1.02 million in DOE funding to study the chemical processes within plant cells. By understanding metabolism, they aim to control the production of sugars, fibers, and waxes. The project involves developing new analytical instruments capable of identifying molecules in small quantities.
Astronomers observed quasars with the VLT and HST to detect host galaxies, but found that one quasar, HE0450-2958, has no massive galaxy. Instead, they detected a bright cloud of gas ionized by the quasar's radiation, which may be feeding the black hole.
Researchers have developed RNA nanoparticles that can carry multiple therapeutic agents into specific cancer cells, where they can halt viral growth or cancer progression. The tiny particles are assembled from three short pieces of ribonucleic acid and possess the right size and structure to gain entry into cells.
A study found that suicidal patients treated in inpatient settings had better substance-related outcomes than those treated in outpatient settings, but not better psychiatric symptoms. This suggests that inpatient treatment is beneficial for certain populations with SUDs.
The new J. David Grimes Research Chair at the University of Ottawa will explore brain cell function to advance understanding and treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and depression. The chair is named after Dr. J. David Grimes, founder of the Loeb Research Institute, who made signifi...
A five-year study by University of Utah biologists reveals that giant whales split into three species around 5-6 million years ago, and all three were equally abundant before whaling reduced their numbers. The study used the genetics of whale lice to track the genetic evolution of whales.
The TAXUS V trial found paclitaxel-eluting stents significantly reduced angiographic restenosis and target vessel revascularization rates. The study's results support the use of these stents for patients with more complex coronary lesions, reducing the risk of artery re-narrowing after angioplasty.
The partnership aims to stimulate and accelerate European research into beta cell function and survival, aiming to move towards a cure for diabetes. Approximately 194 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, with the number expected to exceed 333 million by 2025.
A wire injury from jumping on a bed can be more than just a minor knock on the noggin, according to Dr. Dante Pappano. He published a case study in Pediatric Emergency Care journal after discovering that a mattress wire snapped inside a Rochester boy's foot, leading to a serious injury.
A randomized trial found that high-dose radiation therapy reduced the risk of prostate cancer recurrence by 49% compared to conventional-dose therapy. The study showed improved biochemical control and local tumor control without significant differences in overall survival rates or adverse effects.
A study of over 16,000 participants found a graded association between high blood glucose levels and increasing coronary heart disease risk. Non-diabetic individuals with elevated HbA1c levels were at significantly increased risk of heart disease.
Researchers in Italy found that low pathogenic avian influenza strains can infect humans, highlighting the importance of improving disease surveillance and vaccination for poultry workers. The study suggests these less virulent strains have the potential to swap genetic material with human strains, resulting in a more virulent virus.
A team of scientists, led by Henry Howe from the University of Illinois Chicago, will conduct a multi-year test to restore diversity to agricultural landscapes in Veracruz, Mexico. They aim to demonstrate that bird- and bat-dispersed seeds can connect isolated tree species, promoting species diversity.
The study found a significant decrease in age-standardized death rates from heart disease (52%), stroke (63%), and accidents (41%) since the 1970s. However, death rates from cancer, COPD, and diabetes increased over the same period, despite improvements in detection and treatment for chronic diseases.
A study by University of Michigan researchers reveals the critical genetic switch that allows preadipocytes to become full-blown fat cells, highlighting the importance of balance in fat production. The discovery sheds new light on the role of integrin alpha 6 in regulating fat cell formation and its potential link to metabolic disorders.
Scientists at NIST confirm improved accuracy of 'watt balance' method, reducing measurement uncertainty by about 40 percent, moving closer to redefining the kilogram in terms of basic properties of nature.
Studies show that high back booster seats provide a 58% reduction in injury risk to children aged 4-8, while increased rear row occupancy reduces risk by up to 58%. Children riding in passenger cars and light trucks face increased risk of serious injury in side-impact crashes.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has awarded $37 million to train emergency and hazardous waste workers. The grants will fund five training programs: Hazmat Disaster Preparedness, Hazardous Waste Worker Training, Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Cleanup, Minority Worker Training, and Brownfield Minori...
A study found that heart failure patients with high predicted risk of death within a year are less likely to receive appropriate medications, including ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists. The researchers suggest underappreciation of therapy benefits and multiple comorbid conditions may contribute to the treatment mismatch.
Cardiac stress testing reveals a significant association between exercise capacity and heart rate recovery with CHD mortality rates. The study found that asymptomatic individuals with below-average test scores were two to four times more likely to die from CHD within 10-20 years.
A study found that HIV-infected patients with mild memory loss who used the Disease Management Assistance System (DMAS) Jerry took their medication 80% of the time, compared to 65% without it. This improvement was seen in both normal and memory-impaired patients.
Researchers found that reported insurance status significantly influences access to follow-up appointments for urgent ambulatory care. Privately insured patients were more likely to receive appointments within a week compared to those with Medicaid or no insurance, suggesting a barrier to timely care.
Researchers found that a decline in prostacyclin led to cardiac complications, including hypertension and heart scarring, in mice prone to high blood pressure. Aspirin may protect against this damage by blocking unrestrained thromboxane actions.
Researchers will investigate how patient cost-sharing affects health care law, medical ethics, and the doctor-patient relationship. The study aims to better understand the impact of consumer-directed initiatives on these areas.
A new study reveals that tropical deforestation affects rainfall in the US and around the globe, with significant changes observed in various regions. Deforestation in Amazonia influences precipitation in Mexico to Texas, while Central Africa affects the US Midwest, and Southeast Asia alters rainfall in China and the Balkan Peninsula.
A new single-dose ciprofloxacin treatment has been shown to be effective in treating childhood cholera, with 60% of cases cured within 48 hours. However, the new treatment is less effective at eradicating the cholera bacteria from stool compared to a 12-dose course of erythromycin.
The Gladstone Institutes' team supplied original stem cells for the exhibit and trained museum staff on techniques to activate cells. The exhibit showcases the development of cardiac myocytes from undifferentiated state to pulsating heart cells.
A new study using NASA satellite images found that MODIS can detect changes in Amazon land cover rapidly and reliably. This technology allows for regional analyses of land cover in a matter of days, reducing the time required for analysis compared to high-resolution Landsat data.
A new study found that mice with high blood pressure are more susceptible to cardiac complications when taking painkillers due to a chemical imbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane. This imbalance can lead to hypertension, enlarged hearts, and severe scarring of the heart.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals that AgRP neurons play a crucial role in regulating eating behavior and body weight. The research found that these neurons are essential for acute regulation of eating, and their destruction leads to anorexia and changes in blood glucose levels.
Chronic leukemia affects 9,700 Americans annually, with unusual microRNAs enabling damaged cells to survive. Researchers discovered that miR-15 and miR-16 play a crucial role in controlling Bcl-2 levels, leading to tumor growth.
Researchers from NIST and UC Berkeley use NEXAFS spectroscopy to track chemical reactions, molecular reordering, and defect formation in organic electronic devices. The study reveals the importance of film structure and composition on charge carrier movement, offering a new tool for improving device performance.
A new study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center reveals a significant link between heavy drinking and atrial fibrillation. The research, which analyzed data from 16,415 individuals, found that men who drank 35 or more alcoholic beverages per week had a 45% increased risk of developing the hazardous heart rhythm.
A new Yale study reconciles two long-standing models of schizophrenia: the dopamine hypothesis and the PCP Model. Researchers found that drugs like ketamine, which block glutamate receptors, produce a more complete schizophrenia-like state than amphetamine.
A novel star-shaped metal clip, StarClose, seals arterial punctures in humans, stopping bleeding in just 37 seconds. The device's success rate is 92%, outpacing traditional closure methods which require patient rest for four hours.
Research at Georgia Tech suggests that native plant eaters prefer exotic meals over native plants, contradicting the enemy release hypothesis. This finding supports the 'new associations' hypothesis, which states that newly introduced plants may lack defenses against native consumers due to their evolutionary history.
The PROactive study shows that ACTOS significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes by reducing heart attacks, strokes, and death in high-risk patients. The study found a 16% reduction in life-threatening events and significant improvements in lipid profiles, blood pressure, and insulin resistance.
Researchers analyzed fossil records of Tiger Salamander to track morphological traits over the last 3,000 years. The study found that paedomorphic individuals were smaller than terrestrial adults during the Medieval Warm Period, reflecting a response to warm and dry climate conditions.
Limiting free antiretroviral medicine access to only treatment-naïve patients puts patients at risk of adverse effects and can slow treatment enrollment. Human rights issues arise when some individuals are denied medication due to financial constraints, potentially leading to their demise.
The Keck School's grant will train graduate students and post-doctoral fellows across 27 departments, developing courses on bioethics and cutting-edge gene-transfer technology. The program aims to create a pipeline of highly trained researchers for CIRM-funded projects.
Researchers discovered that photolyase uses energy from visible light to repair UV damage in plants and animals, with water playing a key role in the process. This enzyme is missing in humans and other mammals, making them more vulnerable to skin cancer.
Destabilization of microtubules interferes with NMDA receptor action, affecting cognition and emotion. Dysfunction of this regulation may provide a potential mechanism underlying many mental disorders.
Research using Kaiser Permanente's ATRIA Study cohort found that women with atrial fibrillation have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke when not taking Warfarin therapy. The study indicates being a woman is an independent risk factor for stroke, influencing treatment options.
Childhood cancer survivors are more likely to experience academic problems, social isolation, and difficulties with friendships. Researchers found that these issues affect up to 46% of survivors, particularly those with brain cancers, leukemia, or neuroblastoma.
Researchers found that homeless mothers are 2.9 times more likely to have a pre-term delivery, while those with substance abuse are 6.9 times more likely to give birth to an infant weighing less than 2000 grams. This highlights the urgent need for healthcare support and interventions for these vulnerable populations.
A new model of the immune system predicts that chronic infections can lead to autoimmune diseases. Researchers developed a biologically-plausible strategy for the immune system to react more quickly and effectively against disease.
The study found that repeated administration of interferon beta-1b decreased the rate of new 'black hole' lesions but did not affect their duration. This suggests that the drug may be neuroprotective but does not change the underlying pathological process in multiple sclerosis.
The project will address the physical structure of the grid and its computer communications network. Researchers will determine which parts are sensitive to failure and analyze marketing and technical aspects to improve security.
A review by Devereaux and colleagues highlights the risks of non-cardiac surgery, with 500,000 to 900,000 patients experiencing cardiac events each year. The authors discuss methods for estimating risk pre-operatively and communicating these findings to clinicians.
The research provides a comprehensive whole genome map of genetic variability in Parkinson's disease, highlighting 12 potential 'susceptibility' genes. The findings may lead to new insights into the causes of Parkinson's disease and inform future research efforts.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a technique to make magnetic diamond particles, which could find use in medicine and information technology. The tiny magnets have several advantages over metal counterparts, including being lightweight, stable, simple to process, and less expensive.
A large prospective cohort study of 24,403 postmenopausal women found that higher soy intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of fracture. Soy protein and isoflavone intakes were inversely related to fracture risk, with a notable reduction among those in the highest intake groups.
A team of international scientists are conducting a three-day simulation at Sandia National Laboratories to prepare for the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment. The experiment aims to collect detailed data sets on tropical convection and improve computer models simulating clouds and climate.
A study in New Hampshire found that many women, especially older ones, are not getting regular mammograms. The researchers used registry data to track actual use, finding 36% of women over 40 had never had a mammogram or hadn't had one in 27 months.
A new study reveals that women who suffer from heart attacks are more likely to experience longer hospital delays compared to their male counterparts. The study, which analyzed data from six major hospitals in Dublin, found that women were medically assessed an average of 30 minutes after arrival, while men received medical attention i...
A study has found a significant connection between the CAPON gene and schizophrenia, with brain samples from patients showing higher levels of the short form of the protein. This increase was predominantly seen in individuals with variants of the CAPON gene previously linked to schizophrenia.