A new study at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory reveals a four-step process to produce oxygen in frigid environments, challenging previous models. Oxygen isotopes measured during experiments showed that intermediate species of hydrogen-oxygen permeate the ice film.
A new method using ultrasound and genetically modified algae can remove up to 60% of mercury from contaminated water, according to Ohio State University researchers. The technique uses ultrasonic waves to release mercury from sediments, which is then absorbed by the algae, leaving the sediment clean.
A new study found that weight training significantly improved the quality of life for breast cancer survivors, reducing symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The exercise program also increased lean body mass and upper body strength.
The guidelines aim to help physicians decide when to stop taking medications in older adults. They consider factors such as life expectancy, the time until benefits are realized, goals of care, and treatment targets.
Karl Lewis, a renowned Pitt engineering professor, will receive the Lifetime Achievement Award at the NSBE Pittsburgh convention. He is recognized for his extensive contributions to engineering and science, including education programs that have educated hundreds of successful Black engineers.
Researchers have developed a coal-based jet fuel, provisionally designated JP900, which produces almost the same Btu as conventional fuels. The fuel has improved flash point, lower viscosity, and higher smoke point, making it suitable for existing engines and interest both commercial and military users.
A study by U-M researchers found that patients with delayed surgery (more than 93 days) had worse survival rates and lower three-year survival rates compared to those with timely surgery. Scheduling issues were the most common cause of delay, which can lead to micrometastases and poor outcomes.
A new mouse model has been developed to induce melanoma with a defined cancer antigen, closely mimicking human tumors. This model allows for detailed immunological analyses before and after vaccination, which may lead to a better understanding of spontaneous melanoma regressions and the optimization of cancer vaccine timing.
A growing body of research suggests that lead exposure in childhood accelerates bone growth, but ultimately prevents optimal peak bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Clinical study aims to better understand the role of lead in bone development and loss.
Dr. Bernard Fisher's pioneering research on tumor metastasis and clinical trials has transformed the management of breast cancer. His systematic studies revealed that a combination of lumpectomy and radiation therapy is equally effective as total mastectomy, changing the way physicians approach patient care.
Researchers have developed a new family of biodegradable polymers, called polyketals, that can deliver drugs to cells more efficiently and with reduced inflammation. These polymers degrade into FDA-approved compounds and generate membrane-permeable products that allow byproducts to diffuse outside the cell.
Research by Alexander Chernev found that consumers tend to opt for larger assortments when choosing where to shop, but this preference reverses when the focus is on minimizing decision complexity. Ultimately, offering too many options can lead to a decrease in overall probability of purchase.
Research shows brain activity persists and evolves with time after learning new information, integrating recent memories through dynamic processing. The findings challenge the idea that sleep is essential for strengthening memories.
A study by WHO found that haemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal death in Africa and Asia, while high blood pressure was responsible for most maternal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. The review highlights the need for increased emphasis on programs to prevent and treat postpartum haemorrhage.
A massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra challenged long-held assumptions about quakes and subduction zones. The Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake surpassed a magnitude 9 threshold, which contradicts theory that such large quakes occur at subduction zones with young, fast-moving crust.
A UC Berkeley study found that children born with high levels of in utero arsenic exposure have a significantly higher risk of developing lung diseases such as bronchiectasis and lung cancer. The study, which analyzed death certificates from Chilean cities, revealed a 46 times higher death rate from bronchiectasis and seven times highe...
Research reveals that men's concerns about controlling their cancer drive treatment choices, despite limited reliance on scientific evidence. The study highlights the need for improved patient education and informed decision-making support.
Researchers report three cases of advanced cancers with long survival times after high-dose intravenous vitamin C therapy. The study suggests that high-dose intravenous vitamin C should be reassessed as a potential cancer treatment option.
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers identified 8 genes with significant under-expression and 3 with over-expression, strongly implicating them in prostate cancer development and progression. The findings suggest that these genes may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting prostate cancer, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that wasps use biting to recruit new foragers, particularly those who haven't left the nest before. The study reveals a crucial role of biting in communication and task performance within colonies.
A JAP study reveals that headdown bedrest accurately models the physiological responses of astronauts to spaceflight, with similar declines in cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. This finding has important implications for helping space travelers and aiding earthbound elderly individuals.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is launching a new magazine, CR, to address the public's need for understandable information about cancer research and policy. The magazine aims to put a human face on cancer research by sharing stories of survivors and their experiences.
A six-month walking exercise program may help alleviate cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. Researchers aim to identify new tactics to improve quality of life for those affected by chemotherapy-induced memory problems.
The American Physiological Society has awarded $90,000 in travel fellowships to 52 minority students and faculty from underrepresented groups. The program aims to encourage more minorities to become scientists and remain in the field.
Patients who received a disclosure were more likely to correctly identify their physician's payment model and report enough knowledge to judge its influence on health care. Loyalty to the physician group was higher among those receiving a disclosure, with no significant decrease in trust.
The BGEM Web site provides a growing collection of tens of thousands of images showing where and when specific genes are expressed during brain development. This information is linked to up-to-date data on genes, including their function, location, and DNA sequence.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute demonstrate that RNA enzymes can be evolved into DNA enzymes with the same catalytic function, challenging existing understanding of life's origins. The study offers fresh insights into the evolutionary conversion process and its potential implications for our understanding of life.
Researchers found that more growth hormone is produced in females than males and in adults, with the hormone responding to estrogen. The study has implications for menopausal women using estrogen replacement therapy and athletes taking growth hormone and anabolic steroids.
Current smokers and drinkers are diagnosed with colorectal cancer an average of 7.8 years younger than non-users, according to a new study. Flexible sigmoidoscopy may not detect proximal cancers as effectively as colonoscopy.
Researchers are developing new artificial sweeteners and non-calorie sweetness enhancers to reduce health risks associated with high sugar consumption. The ACS symposium highlights potential breakthroughs in treating taste disorders, identifying supertasters at risk of colon cancer, and creating safe natural sweeteners.
Seagrass beds are diminishing globally, with human activity identified as the primary cause. The root system of these flowering plants stabilizes sediments and provides habitats for numerous marine species.
Researchers have created a growth-factor-rich gel that regenerates the knee ligament, with a 40% increase in strength. The treatment uses platelet-rich blood plasma and collagen hydrogel to bridge the gap between torn ligament ends.
Researchers developed a predictive tool to analyze nanotube breaks based on four key variables, including load level, temperature, and chirality. The model creates a strength map plotting the likelihood of breakage and its underlying mechanisms.
Scientists use ECVT to visualize the density of materials inside reactors, enabling real-time management. This technology can help develop more efficient processes for converting coal to liquid fuels and chemicals.
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be grown using a simple mix called hESC cocktail, or HESCO, containing purified human factors. The recipe maintains normal cell chromosome profiles and supports differentiation into all three basic cell lineages.
AACR Public Service Awards recognize Sherry Lansing and Janet Woodcock's dedication to advancing cancer research. Lansing, former Paramount CEO, has raised millions for cancer research through her non-profit advocacy group Stop Cancer, while Woodcock, FDA deputy commissioner, streamlines cancer medicine oversight.
A study published in Journal of Consumer Research found that shoppers' spending is more susceptible to outside influence when their shopping goals are abstract. As they navigate the store, their goals become more specific and their spending habits adapt accordingly.
Brookhaven scientists have developed a method to create well-defined nanoparticles of metal compounds for catalytic interest. This new approach, reactive layer assisted deposition (RLAD), enables researchers to understand the atomic structures of these particles and their reactivity on the nano scale.
A team from Harvard Medical School found that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) helps remodel brain tissue seven to 14 days after a stroke, potentially aiding recovery. High levels of MMPs were detected in the peri-infarct cortex, an area involved in stroke recovery.
Researchers develop two mathematical tools to analyze and optimize tensegrity systems in various applications. The optimization algorithm helps maximize strength while minimizing weight, leading to potential breakthroughs in bridge, building, and aircraft design.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a self-assembly method to grow dime-sized disks of cartilage with properties approaching native tissue. The technique uses only donor cells, eliminating rejection risks, and has been refined to produce virtually identical cartilage in terms of mechanical and biochemical makeup.
Authors debate the benefits and harms of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. Some argue it can promote underused, life-saving medications, while others claim it raises patients' expectations, increases the quality of care, but also delivers flawed information that may lead to premature adoption of new drugs.
Researchers found that horse antibodies to H5N1 protected dog kidney cells and mice infected with the deadly virus from death. Low doses of antibody (50µg) protected 70% of mice, while higher doses (100µg) offered full protection.
A study by Jasminka M. Vukanovic-Criley and colleagues found that cardiac examination skills appear similar among medical students, residents, and faculty physicians, but decline significantly after years in practice. The authors conclude that improvement is needed to ensure accurate diagnosis and patient safety.