A strong link has been found between depression and risky sexual behaviors in South African youth, with depressed individuals more likely to engage in transactional sex and experience relationship violence. Researchers recommend routine screening for depression to reduce HIV risk in the region.
Researchers have identified the brain region responsible for the McGurk Effect, an auditory phenomenon where viewing lips moving out of sync with words creates a perception of other words. Synesthetes' brains show distinct structures and processes, indicating that synesthetic experiences are more idiosyncratic than previously thought.
Researchers have developed an inhalable dry powder antibiotic targeting TB, potentially reducing treatment time from 6-12 months to under a year. The novel treatment aims to distribute antibiotics directly to lung lesions, increasing targeted doses and minimizing side effects.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new computerized plate analysis system that can analyze connections holding major bridge members together with high accuracy. The system may help identify trouble spots before another disaster occurs and allow for more widespread, low-cost and accurate inspections.
A new study found that social pressures differ for teens in different racial/ethnic groups and that school characteristics play a role. For African American and Native American teenagers, higher GPAs led to decreased feelings of social acceptance, while White teens and others saw increased social acceptance with higher GPAs.
The study found that faster growth rates in some mammals are due to the more intimate connection between mother and baby, resulting in shorter pregnancies. Humans have relatively lengthy pregnancies due to their simple placenta structure with limited connections between mother's tissues and foetus.
A study presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2010 found that a minimally invasive procedure is a safe alternative to traditional surgery for treating congenital heart defects. The procedure, known as transcatheter closure, was associated with a 62% reduced risk of neurological events.
Researchers analyzed 135 studies to support new AOM practice guidelines, identifying otoscopic findings as key to accurate diagnosis. They also found that heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use is associated with changes in AOM microbial epidemiology.
A new study offers valuable insights into the complex brain circuitry involved in communication, shedding light on language difficulties such as stuttering. The research suggests that the brain's processing and production of sounds, as well as its handling of native and foreign accents, are critical factors in communication problems.
A study by researchers at The Pennsylvania State University found that when teachers call attention to gender, children express stereotyped views and preferences. In classrooms where teachers avoided gender divisions, children showed no change in responses or behaviors.
New study shows combo CT scans of heart and arteries are comparable to traditional SPECT nuclear imaging tests in detecting coronary artery disease. The combination CT scans identified 71% of patients with reduced blood flow, while correctly identifying those without slowing down 90% of the time.
Prescription abandonment can undermine medical treatment and result in increased healthcare costs. Studies estimate that 20-30% of prescriptions are not filled or picked up due to cost concerns, with physicians often unaware of patient out-of-pocket costs.
A telephone call-in program designed to improve doctor-patient communication for heart failure patients failed to show improved patient outcomes, according to a Yale University study. The six-month study tested a telemonitoring system that allowed patients to send daily information about their condition to their doctor.
Purdue University researchers are studying the effects of fire on steel structures using a one-of-a-kind heating system. The testing focuses on how building components behave in extreme temperatures, with results comparing computational models to real-world experiments.
A study found that a common transmissible strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is prevalent among cystic fibrosis patients in Canada, particularly in those infected with strain A, which is associated with a higher risk of death or lung transplantation. The study suggests cross-infection between CF centers in the UK and Canada.
A longitudinal study found that infants who get most of their sleep at night perform better in skill areas such as executive functioning, which includes controlling impulses, remembering things, and showing mental flexibility. The research suggests that good nighttime sleep in infancy sets the stage for later executive skills.
Researchers discovered reusing explanted ICDs with sterilized batteries is safe for patients. Shorter sleep duration linked to carotid artery thickening in men, while rapid body cooling improves heart function after CPR. Intravenous iron treatment boosts quality of life and kidney function in some chronic heart failure patients.
Researchers developed a new approach to vaccination for rotavirus, inducing an immune response in mice and protecting them from infection. The heat-stable vaccine is low-cost and can be delivered as nasal drops or spray, addressing challenges in developing countries.
Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) show deficits in both delay and trace eyeblink conditioning, a finding that could aid in assessing and diagnosing FAS. Researchers tested 63 children on delay conditioning and found that 33% met the criteria compared to 79% of control group members.
New research finds that adolescents with a family history of alcohol abuse demonstrate decreased neural activity in the frontal lobe, suggesting a subtle vulnerability to future alcoholism. This study suggests that youth with familial alcoholism may have a less mature frontal system, making it harder to manage real-life situations.
The NIH has awarded a five-year grant to develop a painless, self-administered flu vaccine using patches containing tiny microneedles. The technology aims to improve vaccination rates, especially among children and the elderly, by reducing the need for medical personnel.
A new study found that preschool participation has a positive impact on children's literacy skills, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Low-income children, particularly those from Black families, experience the greatest benefits, while nonpoor Black youngsters also show considerable improvements.
Scientists have solved the structure of a protein integral to maintaining healthy hearts and nervous systems. The discovery of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) may lead to smarter drug design for better understanding of homocystinuria, a genetic disorder affecting cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
A new study reveals that elephant-shrews consume the nectar of Pagoda lily flowers and pollinate them. The animals' long noses and tongues allow them to access the nectar without damaging the flowers. This discovery sheds light on the unusual group of non-flying mammals known for their pollination abilities.
Scientists have discovered how kidney filters become damaged in renal failure, leading to increased permeability and protein loss in the urine. A new class of drugs called endothelin A receptor antagonists shows promise in reducing protein levels, promising relief for patients with diabetes and high-salt diets.
A new UBC study analyzing British Columbia population-based data suggests that children under 13 are the most likely to report first sex with adults over 20 years older. The research challenges Canada's increased age of consent from 14 to 16 years, recommending additional strategies to safeguard vulnerable children and teens.
A Queensland University of Technology (QUT) statistician has found that villagers who live alongside orangutans are unaware of the laws protecting them, and many admit to killing the primates. The study suggests education campaigns tailored to specific areas and cultural groups can effectively target orangutan hunting.
A new study found significant changes in targeted genes in patients' tumors, suggesting existing therapies may benefit more cancer patients. The research identified potential targets for treatment with existing targeted therapies.
A study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science found that people with mastery goals are more open to hearing different perspectives and less deceitful, while those with performance goals are more competitive and less willing to share information. Balancing different levels of goals can help establish constructive work...
Researchers discovered that asthma drugs can block cysteinyl-leukotrienes, reducing vessel wall breakdown and dilation. This could lead to the development of new treatments for aortic aneurysms, potentially saving lives and reducing surgical complications.
A new study by Radiological Society of North America suggests that routine mammography screening in women over 40 has a very low risk of radiation-induced breast cancer. The study found that annual or biennial screening would result in few cancers and fatalities, but numerous lives saved through early detection.
A new study from UC Berkeley found that dire warnings about global warming can backfire, making people skeptical and resistant to change. However, presenting solutions and less apocalyptic ways of communicating findings can overcome skepticism. The research suggests fear-based appeals can undermine efforts to address climate change.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have identified a protein called HAX-1 that protects cardiac cells and muscle from damage during ischemia-reperfusion injury. The study found that HAX-1 levels were reduced in hearts after heart attack, but overproduction improved contractile performance and decreased cell death.
A team of researchers has developed a way to prevent cavitation damage in jet fuel pumps, essential components in modern aircraft. The study provides realistic data for computer models, enabling designers to create lighter, more efficient, and longer-lasting pumps.
A unique program in East Harlem helps middle school students learn practical health skills, resulting in increased interest in college attendance and medical careers. The MedStart Summer Enrichment Program improves student knowledge of diseases prevalent in their community, such as asthma and diabetes.
Dr. Jay Kolls has been recognized with the prestigious MERIT Award for his work on a discovery that plays a critical role in the body's defense against pneumonia. His research uses genetically engineered mice to investigate the role of lung epithelium and explore how cells control infection defense in the lung.
Using OncoMap, researchers can identify specific mutations in oncogenes that drive ovarian cancer growth and choose targeted drugs to halt tumor progression. The technique holds promise for personalized medicine in treating advanced ovarian cancer.
A recent study by Dr. Nan Yao and his team found that carbon nanotubes induced programmed cell death in plant cells, with the effect being dosage-dependent. The researchers discovered that only single-wall carbon nanotubes caused cell damage, while other types of particles did not.
A new study presents the first geological evidence that the ancestors of C4 grasses emerged millions of years earlier than previously established. Researchers analyzed carbon isotope ratios in individual grains of grass pollen, finding unequivocal evidence for C4 grasses in southwestern Europe by the Early Oligocene.
A Princeton scientist has recast two well-known math problems as physics questions, providing new tools for solving challenges in data compression, gravitational waves, and more. The reformulation offers insights into the role of randomness and disorder.
Researchers at NC State University have discovered a cost-effective method to deter deer from damaging Christmas trees. By using inexpensive, inedible food byproducts like dried blood and egg powder, farmers can protect their crops with significant savings.
Researchers have found a dozen double-star systems consisting of two white dwarfs, with half expected to merge and explode as supernovae. The merged stars will stir space-time, creating gravitational waves and causing them to spiral closer together.
UC San Diego undergraduate bioengineers develop a new microenvironment that provides all three types of cues necessary for stem cell growth and differentiation. The system uses a gelatin-like hydrogel bathed in an electrolyte solution, mimicking the natural environment to steer stem cells towards specific cell types.
The FRAX tool was clarified for its use in clinical practice through international discussions, enabling its wider implementation. The tool predicts a patient's 10-year fracture risk based on scientifically validated risk factors.
Duke University Medical Center will oversee external quality assurance programs for HIV laboratories worldwide, ensuring reliable and reproducible data for treatments, under a $52.8 million NIH contract. The project aims to address global laboratory standards, tracking virus strains and assays for new therapies.
A UC Riverside-led team is working on a project to educate students about climate change using real-world NASA data. The initiative aims to improve communication skills among students and scientists, crucial in addressing climate change issues.
A six-year study on migrating geese found that young birds learn their migratory destinations from parents, demonstrating a high concentration of related birds. This cultural inheritance may provide advantages such as better access to food and reproductive success.
A new study found that automated remote patient monitoring did not improve outcomes for heart failure patients, despite daily interactions with healthcare clinicians. The system was compared to usual care based on national guidelines and showed no effect on hospitalization rates or mortality.
A study led by Howard Ochman found that host species, rather than diet, have the greatest effect on gut bacteria diversity in great apes. The researchers discovered that bacterial populations assorted to species and matched the relationships of their host, indicating a long history of co-evolution.
A randomized phase 2 study found that combining sorafenib with doxorubicin improved median overall and progression-free survival in patients with advanced liver cancer. The study showed a significant reduction in the risk of death and progression, with median overall survival increasing to 13.7 months
A national pilot program utilizing a Carnegie Mellon-developed algorithm is matching living kidney donors with medically compatible transplant candidates. The initial run of the computer matching process successfully matched seven people in need of a kidney transplant with suitable donors, expanding kidney paired-donation transplants.
A study by Rush University Medical Center researchers found structural brain changes in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Those who progressed to the disease showed thinning of cortical areas receiving input from a specific brain region.
Researchers have developed an advanced imaging technology to rapidly screen single-wall carbon nanotubes, which could be used in creating a new class of computers and electronics. The technique, called transient absorption, measures the metallicity of the tubes and may be combined with another laser to zap unwanted metallic nanotubes.
A new study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that adolescent males who engage in heavy drinking are more likely to exhibit risk-taking behavior. The research followed over 500 first-grade boys from Pittsburgh until age 20 and found a significant correlation between heavy drinking and impulsive behavior.
A new inhalable dry powder treatment for lung cancer has been shown to significantly increase survival rates, with over 80% of mice surviving for more than 90 days. The treatment method is also less invasive than traditional options, reducing the risk of side effects and improving overall patient outcomes.
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) has named 18 individuals as its 2010 Fellows, honoring their remarkable scholarly and research contributions. The new fellows include researchers who have made significant advances in drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and cancer therapy.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee researchers found that teleworkers experience fewer work-life conflicts and less job stress compared to their office-based colleagues. These benefits lead to higher job satisfaction for telecommuters.
A new task force in Leicester will develop a tailored management and intervention programme for asthma in South Asian children, informed by community views and experiences. The project aims to improve access to services and self-management of asthma amongst this community.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study suggests an alternative to standard nasal sprays that use preservatives, which can cause side effects. The new method maintains sterility in the applicator bottle without chemical preservatives.
Researchers have developed racetrack memory, which uses magnetic tape and spin-polarized currents to store data at speeds of several hundred meters per second. This technology could enable computers to boot up instantly and access information 100,000 times more rapidly than traditional hard disks.