Biologists report that polar bears are unsuited for alternative diets in a warmer world, where they will come into competition with grizzly bears. The study suggests that polar bears' weaker skulls make them less competitive for resources.
Scientists found that commensal species like Neisseria lactamica induce lower levels of human airway epithelial cell activation compared to pathogenic species. The study highlights the differential role of a bacterial surface component, PorB, in interacting with host cells and triggering inflammatory responses.
Researchers found a high rate of weight gain in animal populations, despite varying diets and activity levels. The study suggests that alternative causes, such as epigenetics, may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
Researchers at the University of Leeds and Manchester are conducting a £1.5 million project to inform sustainable urban transport planning by 2050. The STEP-CHANGE project will gather data on household travel behavior and analyze it with historical records to develop new tools for sustainability.
Researchers found that boosting hepcidin levels may directly affect relieving anemic patients of their body's iron overload. Two studies illustrated a potential new dietary treatment for patients with hemochromatosis by increasing hepcidin levels and reducing iron absorption from the gut.
Caltech researchers have designed jellyfish-inspired pumps that utilize flexible designs and adaptable tissue composition to create efficient fluid transport systems. The pumps are optimized for medical applications, such as delivering medication or removing excess fluids from the body, without causing damage to surrounding tissues.
Vivian Cheung, a geneticist at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, received the Curt Stern Award for her pioneering work on human gene expression and its impact on disease risks. Her research has transformed the scale of human genetic studies, enabling researchers to analyze thousands of genes simultaneously.
A team of Australian researchers has identified a new, critically endangered species of ground parrot in Western Australia, using DNA from museum specimens up to 160 years old. The discovery highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect the remaining 110 birds in the wild, which are confined to a single national park.
Two methods for culturing and imaging Caenorhabditis elegans embryos are described, enabling researchers to visualize dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos. Meanwhile, a method for isolating and culturing early mouse embryos is also presented, allowing time-lapse imaging of cell movements.
New research reveals that pheromonal cues alone can label another fly as a competitor, leading to male aggression. Behavioral cues also play a crucial role, with males attacking both male- and female-like flies.
Researchers found that compounds in cranberry disrupt enzymes used by bacteria to form plaque, reducing acid production and cavities. Additionally, polyphenols from red wine waste inhibit S. mutans' activity and reduce acid production.
Virginia Tech researchers have developed a promising new cancer treatment using magnetic fluid hyperthermia, which heats up magnetic nanoparticles to kill tumor cells. The treatment has shown no adverse effects on surrounding healthy tissue.
Researchers have modeled and mimicked the natural designs of falling geckoes, gliding snakes, and flying birds to improve air vehicle design. The special edition, 'Bioinspired Flight', reveals innovative approaches for controlled hovering, forward flight, and exploitation of thermal updrafts.
SAGE has partnered with the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, a division of the American Psychological Association, to publish its official journal Teaching of Psychology. The quarterly journal is dedicated to publishing research on teaching and learning in psychology.
During pregnancy, pregnant women can experience significant changes in their oral health, including gingivitis, pregnancy tumors, and mild to severe gingival enlargement. Regular dental check-ups and proper oral hygiene can help alleviate gum inflammation and prevent worsening of conditions.
Researchers found that fruit flies will attack females who smell and taste like males, and will court males with female-like patterns of behavior. By manipulating a gene that governs pheromonal profiles and behavioral cues, the study reveals the importance of behavioral feedback in aggression.
A combination of increased domestic funding and foreign loans led to a dramatic increase in tuberculosis case finding in China. The study highlights the importance of evaluating the links between financing for health and TB control.
Researchers used LIDAR technology to measure changes in coastal morphology following a catastrophic series of landslides in Matata, New Zealand. The study found that debris flows sourced from the Awatarariki stream transported over 350,000 cubic meters of debris, and mapped sediment flow paths with high accuracy.
Research suggests that ziconotide may worsen mental health conditions, particularly in vulnerable patients. Two new cases highlight the need for careful analysis of psychic disorders before treatment and close monitoring of patients treated with ziconotide.
A recent study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism found that early diagnosis and treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can significantly improve outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Delayed treatment was associated with increased joint destruction and lower chances of achieving DMARD-free remission.
Jonathan Malen's research may lead to more precise thermal management devices for aircraft and other transportation systems. He proposes using thin layers of small molecules to filter vibrations that carry heat, enabling more precise control over temperature.
The AIAA Foundation presents Educator Achievement Awards to seven precollege educators who have demonstrated exemplary efforts in inspiring students about mathematics, science, and related technical studies. The awards recognize the impact of these educators on their students' future careers in aerospace.
Researchers at Purdue University have found evidence that acrolein, an environmental toxin, may play a key role in causing multiple sclerosis. They also discovered that the hypertension drug hydralazine can delay disease onset and reduce symptoms by neutralizing acrolein.
A Texas A&M University geoscientist is mapping the meaning of mid-level clouds using NASA satellite data. She aims to develop a common nomenclature for these understudied clouds, which play a crucial role in the climate-change equation. Her research has revolutionized atmospheric studies and will help create more accurate climate models.
A new joint project between University of Nottingham and University of Bath aims to identify best practices for integrating sustainability in business school activities. The study will produce case studies guiding other schools on financial benefits and contributing to a greener future.
A Michigan State University study suggests that rotating corn with shrubby legume mixtures, such as pigeonpea, can increase nutrient-enriched grain productivity. This approach has the potential to enhance food and environmental security in Africa by reducing reliance on starchy cereals and expensive fertilizers.
The research team aims to create hybrid ecosystems with a mix of native and non-native species, optimizing carbon storage and supporting native biodiversity. The project will begin in April 2011 and be conducted over five years, focusing on finding ways to co-exist with invasive species.
Research found that people are more likely to cheat and make immoral decisions when it requires minimal action. Participants were more willing to help others when they had to explicitly choose 'yes' or 'no', whereas passive requests led to lower rates of volunteering.
Researchers have developed a medical model for regenerating bladders using stem cells harvested from a patient's own bone marrow. The study demonstrates the feasibility of MSCs in partial bladder regeneration and provides valuable insight into the processes governing bladder regeneration.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have successfully built 3-D molecular structures on surfaces using a self-assembly process. This breakthrough could lead to the development of cutting-edge optical and electronic technologies, as well as molecular computers.
The Global iPrEx study found that daily use of the oral antiretroviral combination pill was 44% effective in reducing risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. Risk of HIV infection fell by 50.2% among participants who took the pill at least 50% of the days.
Researchers have re-sequenced six elite corn varieties, discovering over 100 genes that are present in some but not others. This presence/absence variation could be crucial to understanding heterosis and producing better hybrids.
A study found that 75% of Spanish zoos have insecure animal housing, putting invasive species and the environment at risk. Birds are most likely to escape from these areas, emphasizing the need for improved zoo security measures.
Fecal immunochemical testing is the best and most cost-effective method for screening for colorectal cancer, reducing deaths by 69% among average-risk patients. Annual screening with this test can lower healthcare costs compared to other methods.
A major study demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV infection risk in high-risk individuals. The iPrEx study found that PrEP reduced HIV infections by an average of 43.8% in participants who received the medication, with consistent use providing even greater protection.
A clinical trial known as iPrEx found that taking antiretroviral drugs daily can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. The study involved 2,499 participants and showed a nearly 44% lower rate of HIV infections in those taking the drug.
Patients with abnormal liver function who receive statin treatment show improved liver function and reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Long-term statin treatment is a safe and promising strategy for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
A new study found that reforestation at home often leads to deforestation abroad in developing countries. International trade in forest products increased the demand for imported timber and agricultural products, contributing to net deforestation. Strengthening cooperation and certification systems can help mitigate this issue.
The new BD LSR-9 Flow Cytometer with its nine lasers will help Australian researchers analyze rare cell populations more accurately and directly. This technology will aid in fighting against various life-threatening diseases, including cancer and asthma.
Researchers at Harvard University have made significant breakthroughs in methane-fueled solid-oxide fuel cells, reducing operating temperatures and costs. The development of platinum-free micro-SOFCs could enable the use of methane as a fuel source for laptops and portable electronics.
Recent studies shed light on ancient C4 plants, submarine channels with helical flow reversal, and the genesis of granite. Researchers have also discovered mysterious rock layers containing petrified remains, cohabiting bacteria in ancient environments, and deep-cave stromatolites.
New study maps koala habitats using taste preferences, while ancient insects migrated to warmer climates in response to rising temperatures. Koalas prefer large trees with palatable leaves and avoid smaller unpalatable trees, highlighting the importance of habitat quality.
Researchers have developed a novel fuel cell catalyst that uses large spheres of gold instead of platinum, reducing the need for precious metals. The catalyst retains its converting power and produces electricity at top capacity for longer periods than traditional small-particle models.
Researchers have devised a predictive model to control the formation of banded ring patterns left behind by coffee droplets. The model suggests that particle deposition can be controlled by altering physical parameters such as evaporation and surface tension.
Researchers at Arizona State University have successfully produced plant-derived human butyrylcholinesterase, a bioscavenger that can neutralize organophosphate toxins. This breakthrough holds promise for protecting the nervous system from pesticide and nerve agent poisoning, as well as treating related diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have developed a method to image the full spatial structure of magnetic domains deep within materials. They exploit domain walls, where magnetic fields deflect neutrons slightly from their path, allowing for the creation of 3D images.
Researchers at Tufts University discovered that estrogen stimulates breast cancer stem cells through a pathway mirroring normal stem cell development. By disrupting this signaling mechanism, they were able to halt the expansion of breast cancer stem cells and prevent tumor growth.
Research reveals that architecture can influence people's ability to navigate buildings, with some designs favoring spatial skills over others. A study suggests strategies for improving wayfinding in complex environments.
Researchers have successfully self-assembled rod-shaped molecules into small rotors within a two-dimensional network, forming a hexagonal lattice. The rotors exhibit unique energy thresholds and can maintain their structure even when exposed to thermal energy, enabling potential applications in optical or electronic switching.
African Americans who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with heavy smokers at greatest risk. The study found that limiting cumulative smoking exposure to less than 10 pack-years could prevent roughly one in six new cases of RA.
Large predator species like tigers and polar bears are more vulnerable to environmental changes than smaller species due to their high energetic costs. They require more energy to find food, making them more susceptible to population declines.
Charles Meneveau and Johan Meyers develop a model to calculate optimal turbine spacing for large wind farms. They find that energy production depends less on horizontal winds and more on entraining strong winds from higher in the atmosphere, leading to an optimal distance of about 15 rotor diameters.
Registered dietitians can effectively manage Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by following the American Dietetic Association's nutrition practice guidelines. Key recommendations include consistency in carbohydrate intake, adjusting insulin doses, and incorporating cardioprotective nutrition interventions.
The EMBO Young Investigator Programme has selected 21 talented young researchers from across Europe to join the network. These group leaders will receive financial support and benefits such as lab management training and networking events.
A combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training was associated with improved glycemic levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. The level of improvement was not seen among patients who performed either aerobic exercise or resistance training alone. The study found that the combination group had a greater reduction in hemogl...
The National Eye Institute has expanded its genetic and clinical research database by adding more than 72,000 lens and fundus photographs from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). These images are now accessible to scientists through NCBI's online database of Genotypes and Phenotypes, dbGaP.
A new additive has been developed to treat carbon dioxide, making it suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly oil extraction. The additive can also reduce environmental damage caused by industrial processes.
Researchers at USC College have made a groundbreaking discovery about sour flavors, revealing that protons from acids directly activate taste cells. This finding has important implications for understanding how different tastes interact and may lead to practical applications in cooking and food industry.
A new foundation model will provide funding and support for research at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, selected by committee. The project aims to help Israel's economy through successful innovation and commercialization of promising research.
Researchers have developed a new method to target and destroy cancerous cells using hyperthermia, which elevates the temperature of tumor cells while keeping surrounding healthy tissue at a lower degree of body heat. The technique uses ferrofluids to induce hyperthermia and has been shown to be biocompatible with iron oxide nanoparticles.