Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a new biochemical trick used by microbes to produce an antimicrobial compound effective against malaria. The discovery reveals a completely unknown production pathway, which may lead to the development of more efficient and cost-effective methods for producing similar compounds.
A Dartmouth report finds nearly half of newborns in NICUs are normal birth weight, but many low-birth-weight babies lack access to higher-level care. This disparity highlights the need for more equitable distribution of neonatal intensive care resources.
A UK study found that vegetarians and pescetarians have a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) than meat eaters, but a higher risk of stroke. This may be due to low blood levels of total cholesterol or certain vitamins. The study included 48,188 participants over 18 years.
New research suggests that the structure of social networks can sway voting outcomes towards one political party, even if both parties are equal in size and influence. This phenomenon is known as information gerrymandering, where people's decisions are constrained by their social networks and distorted by zealots and automated bots.
Bacteria can swap DNA through mechanisms similar to sexual selection in animals, and this genetic mixing may have benefits for cell survival and evolution. Researchers suggest that bacterial transformation, a process where cells release and take up DNA, could be governed by sexual selection.
A digital program created by MIT researchers in collaboration with Keheala helped 4% of tuberculosis patients complete their treatment, compared to 13% in a control group. The interactive platform used behavioral-science insights and daily messages to motivate patients and reduce nonadherence.
Scientists have developed a new technique to study nanoscale chemical structures and local electronic states using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The method breaks the diffraction limit, allowing for high-resolution analysis of materials at the atomic scale.
A new research project called REBOOT aims to recover almost 100% of valuable resources in liquid waste management. The project uses continuous hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology to produce clean freshwater, hydrogen, and CO2 from sewage sludge and manure.
A researcher at the University of Kansas is exploring the potential of 3D-biomimetic-tissue-engineered exosomes for understanding long-distance cellular communications that control our immune systems. The goal is to develop a molecular-engineering approach to speed development of immunotherapy treatments.
A study found that mortality rates among Ebola survivors after hospital discharge were five times higher than expected in the general population. Those who stayed longer in treatment units had a higher mortality rate due to prolonged acute forms of the disease.
A new model suggests that planting more vegetation may be more effective in drier regions to cool cities, while wetter cities require alternative approaches such as shading or ventilation. The study's findings can provide guidance for climate-sensitive city design and planning heat mitigation efforts.
The Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health Dresden aims to harness digital technologies in medicine to improve patient care. The center will provide a practical framework for patient-orientated research and establish an eHealth campus directly on the University Hospital's premises.
A team of researchers has developed a new technique that combines laser technology and candle soot to generate effective ultrasonic waves for nondestructive testing. The patch made from nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane amplifies the signal, enabling temperature-independent measurement and wide range monitoring area.
A comparison of opioid prescription fills after surgery revealed significant differences between the United States, Canada, and Sweden. The study found that 76.2% of US patients filled an opioid prescription within seven days of discharge, compared to 78.6% in Canada and 11.1% in Sweden.
NASA's Terra satellite revealed the strongest thunderstorms in Tropical Storm 14W were located east of the center, fueled by extremely cold cloud top temperatures. The storm is moving westward and is expected to intensify to 90 knots over the next five days.
LSU Health New Orleans has been awarded a $13.6 million grant to expand its clinical trials network, providing cancer care and access to over 50% of newly diagnosed patients in the region. The new network will also increase minority patient participation in clinical trials.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that a low-fat diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains reduces death following breast cancer, slows diabetes progression, and prevents coronary heart disease. The study, led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center researchers, followed nearly 49,000 postmenopausal women for nearly 20...
Despite an increase in medical school applicants from diverse backgrounds, racial/ethnic representation remains underrepresented among US medical students. The study analyzed data from 2002 to 2017 and found that absolute numbers and proportions of minority students have ticked up over time but haven't kept pace with the U.S. population.
Researchers have elucidated the complete three-dimensional structure of the MR complex, a molecular machine responsible for detecting and repairing DNA damage. The new structure reveals how the complex binds to DNA and initiates repair processes, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved.
A healthy lifestyle is associated with a 75% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, compared to the least healthy lifestyle. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, a healthy lifestyle also reduces cardiovascular disease and death risk by 56% and 52%, respectively.
A new mathematical model developed by Fan et al. suggests that environmental taxes can stimulate economic growth, decrease emissions, and improve resource utilization in China. The model's findings support the use of carbon taxes as an effective strategy to promote environmentally friendly practices.
A new study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that minority students remain underrepresented in medical schools, despite increasing numbers over time. The study's findings suggest that while diversity in medical education has improved, it still lags behind the country's shifting demographics.
A new national poll found that many older adults aren't fully prepared for emergency situations, with fewer than half having signed up for emergency warning systems or put together an emergency kit. The poll highlights the importance of key steps such as having a backup power supply and communicating evacuation plans with loved ones.
A Harvard Medical School study maps the genetics of early TB progression, identifying gene variants that control immune functions as key drivers. The research paves the way for personalized tests to predict who is at risk for early disease onset, potentially informing vaccines or drugs to prevent the disease.
Researchers developed a method to predict Painted Lady butterfly migrations and found that the species relies on reproductive success in both Africa and Europe. The model suggests that overwintering might occur near the equator between December and February, posing a risk due to climate change.
A University of Minnesota researcher has been awarded a $3.9 million NIH grant to develop novel vaccine strategies for cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common infection causing birth defects and disabilities in US babies. The research aims to prevent congenital transmission of CMV by targeting pregnant women.
A new peanut allergy treatment, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), has shown effectiveness in protecting patients from severe allergic reactions. SLIT involves placing tiny amounts of peanut protein under the tongue, where it is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream, desensitizing the immune system to larger amounts of peanut protein.
Researchers found that giant impacts can dramatically lower a planet's internal pressure after an impact, followed by a longer term increase as the body recovers. This new model could explain puzzling geochemical signatures in Earth's mantle and have major implications for planetary evolution.
A new technique allows rapid degradation of targeted cellular proteins within minutes, enabling researchers to study protein functions and diseases. The method has potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods, improving our understanding of cell biology.
Researchers at WVU are developing a method to create a self-supply of rare earth elements in the US from coal waste. This is crucial due to China's dominant role in global rare earth element supplies, and the US Department of Energy's investment in domestic sourcing.
Researchers at Imperial College London visualized protein 'tangles' associated with dementia in patients who suffered a single head injury, showing collective likelihood of tau tangles and nerve damage. The study may accelerate treatment development by enabling medics to monitor tau protein levels.
Researchers propose that the two large holes in a T. rex skull were filled with blood vessels instead of muscles, based on thermal imaging and studies of alligators. This new theory challenges over a century of previous beliefs about T. rex anatomy.
The 2019 Blavatnik Regional Awards honored three young scientists for their innovative research. Laura Duvall discovered molecules that inhibit mosquito feeding habits, while Carla Nasca identified a protein that perpetuates tumor growth. Additionally, Derya Akkaynak made significant breakthroughs in computer vision and underwater imag...
Researchers found that conversational turns and word count significantly impact 24-month language evaluation performance for both typical children and those with autism. The study emphasizes the importance of parental persistence in talking to infants from an early age.
Researchers at KU Leuven have developed a new technique to insulate microchips using metal-organic frameworks, enabling the creation of powerful and energy-efficient chips. The method involves applying nanoporous crystals to separate wires and signals.
A new study reveals traditional Medicare spends significantly more on post-hospital care for people in their 60s than private insurance, despite similar clinical outcomes. The additional spending could be reduced by changing the payment structure to bring it closer to that used by private insurance.
A new study suggests that metabolites produced by the body's breakdown of toxins may protect against obstructive airway disease in 9/11 first responders. Researchers identified specific compounds, including protein-building amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in diets rich in fish and olive oil.
Patients with diabetes are at greater risk of developing heart failure after a heart attack, with a 56% higher risk compared to those without diabetes. The study also found that diabetic patients who develop heart failure have a much higher risk of dying in the following years.
Researchers from University of Edinburgh and Pennsylvania State University have made a groundbreaking discovery using equations developed by James Clerk Maxwell, leading to the identification of Dyakonov-Voigt waves. These newly discovered waves have unique properties and could be used in biosensors and fibre optic circuits.
A five-year WSU study is tracking 200 Seattle-area children to measure physical activity, body mass index, sleep, and gut microbiome in two groups: Tiny Trees outdoor preschool students and traditional preschool students. The goal is to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of outdoor preschools in preventing childhood obesity.
A large international study found that cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, but its share has declined in high-income countries where cancer deaths have become more frequent. CVD risk factors are highest in rich countries, yet mortality rates are lower, suggesting other factors may be at play.
Scientists have shown that quantum computers have two degrees of freedom for each bit, enabling faster calculations. A simulation tool called Quantum Simulation Logic has been developed to simulate quantum computer properties in a classical computer.
Researchers discovered a receptor on brain cells that promotes resilience to stress and may be a useful biomarker for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) protein was found to be associated with reduced symptoms of PTSD in human patients.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found that dissatisfied mothers speak more to infant sons than daughters. The quality of a couple's relationship is linked to parent-infant talk and affects child development.
Researchers developed predictive tools to estimate sediment and nutrient levels in water. The low-cost sensors will help automate the monitoring process, enabling more frequent predictions of water quality changes.
Researchers have conducted experiments to understand the behavior of a high-performance electric propellant compared to a traditional propellant. The results indicate that the electric solid propellant ablates about two times more than the traditional propellant.
An international study has investigated the extinction of two New Zealand songbirds, revealing that habitat loss and introduced mammalian predators were key factors. The research, published in Biology Letters, used ancient DNA to reconstruct the birds' population history, indicating a rapid decline prior to their extinction.
Jane Reznick has been awarded an ERC Starting Grant to investigate the metabolism of naked mole rats, which live up to 30 years old without heart disease or cancer. Her research aims to understand how these animals adapt to oxygen deficiency and potentially develop new therapies for humans.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that sharing career goals with someone perceived as having higher status increases motivation and goal achievement. In contrast, sharing with lower-status individuals has no positive effect. The study suggests that caring about what others think can drive goal commitment and performance.
The World Heart Federation's new roadmap outlines a vision for ideal CVD prevention pathways, highlighting gaps in care for people living with diabetes. Developed in partnership with the IDF, it presents an integrated approach to patient care and provides implementation tools for national initiatives.
A new study suggests that heart failure care must address patients' broader health to improve survival rates. The research found that while the risk of death from cardiovascular causes declined, non-cardiovascular deaths increased, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach.
Researchers study patient with stroke-induced color naming impairment to explore how language shapes color perception. The study found that while patients struggled to name specific colors, they could still group colors into categories, suggesting a separate process for categorization.
A recent study demonstrates the use of Generative Tensorial Reinforcement Learning (GENTRL) to design and validate a novel drug candidate against fibrosis and cancer. The AI process accelerated the development from 46 days, reducing the time estimate by approximately 94%.
Frostbite can be prevented by wearing proper clothing, avoiding wind-chill, and addressing pre-existing conditions that may affect circulation. Early treatment with thrombolytic therapies like iloprost can help prevent tissue loss and promote recovery.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have identified a new possible pathway for forming carbon structures in space, shedding light on a radical wrinkle in complex carbon molecule formation. The study used a portable chemical reactor and X-rays to produce ringed molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Scientists at the University of Groningen observed a phenomenon in ferroelastic material barium titanate that resembles spatial chaos in non-linear dynamical systems. This could lead to highly diverse responses in adaptable neuromorphic electronics, enabling complex computing.
A new report highlights how top fashion companies' irresponsible sourcing practices are undermining efforts to end worker exploitation in South India's garment industry. Despite some improvements, social audits are often manipulated by suppliers to retain business with brands.
A study by Binghamton University found that viewing wealth as a sign of success yields better results for life satisfaction than viewing it as a sign of happiness. Happiness materialism can lead to dissatisfaction and neglect other areas of life, while success materialism boosts economic motivation and future satisfaction.
A new study links elevated levels of FAK to the survival of cancer stem cells and DNA repair in ovarian cancer tumors, making them resistant to platinum chemotherapy. Researchers found that FAK inhibition can improve treatment response in mice with chemo-resistant tumors.
Frontera, the fastest academic supercomputer in the world, is set to revolutionize scientific research in the US. With its leadership-class computing capability, Frontera will support complex science applications in fields like black hole physics, climate modeling, and drug design.