A meta-analysis of 70 studies and 55,000 offenders found that specialized psychological programmes significantly reduce reoffending rates. Consistent input from a qualified psychologist is key to programme effectiveness.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry found that relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have unique brain abnormalities, despite symptom overlap. The findings suggest that familial risk for these disorders influences brain development already early in life.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a method to transplant healthy lung cells into injured mice, improving blood-oxygen levels and promoting lung regeneration. The technique, using specialized alveolar type-two cells, showed promise in treating various models of lung injury.
A new study from UBC Sauder School of Business shows that pay-for-performance incentive programs in emergency departments can increase return visits and readmissions. The research focused on patients discharged within 20 minutes of the deadline for incentives and found a significant discontinuity around the four-hour mark.
A team of scientists developed a technique to coat low-cost paper with a liquid-infused polymer layer, creating a portable lab for field laboratory tests. The coated paper performed significantly better than uncoated paper in terms of fluid delivery and accuracy.
A recent study found that vaping impairs vascular function, reducing blood flow and increasing arterial stiffness in healthy adults. The study used MRI scans to measure the effects of e-cigarette inhalation on the body's vascular system.
Heavy smokers who quit can lower their CVD risk by 39% in just five years, a finding that contradicts current clinical guidelines. The study's findings suggest that it may take up to 25 years for CVD risk to become as low as that of a non-smoker.
Researchers mapped the potential of plants to store extra carbon by the end of the century, finding they can increase their biomass by 12% when exposed to high CO2 concentrations. This growth would draw enough CO2 from the atmosphere to cancel out six years of current emissions.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have made significant progress in developing a cost-effective fuel cell technology utilizing ammonia, a nitrogen-based liquid fuel. Ammonia has been identified as the lowest-cost fuel produced from renewable energy, with potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve efficiency.
An international team of scientists analyzed over 10,000 climate change studies and found that birds and other animals cannot adapt quickly enough to keep pace with climate change. This mismatch between the timing of biological events and the availability of food resources poses a significant threat to species survival.
Researchers at Michigan State University have created a synthetic nano-sized factory using a new shell protein that can be controlled to direct useful enzymes inside. The team successfully produced factory shells with the new protein, allowing them to incorporate molecules and control cargo imports.
Atrial fibrillation is a major concern due to its association with serious complications like heart failure and stroke. Researchers have identified a new piece of the puzzle that has changed the field's understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation, involving a phosphatase regulatory subunit known as PPP1R3A.
A new rechargeable CCNY aqueous battery has been developed with a voltage of 2.45-2.8V, exceeding the 2 V barrier in aqueous zinc chemistry. The alkaline MnO2|Zn battery is expected to break the dominance of flammable and expensive lithium-ion batteries.
VTT scientists developed a genetic test to detect diastatic yeasts, which cause off-flavours, increased alcohol, and over-carbonation. The new method differentiates between problematic and harmless strains, offering breweries savings in time and cost.
A recent study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that nicotine-free e-cigarettes can immediately reduce vascular function and impair blood flow. The researchers used MRI exams on healthy adults to measure changes in blood vessels after vaping a single e-cigarette, revealing significant damage.
Scientists at MSD and Francis Crick Institute are working together to better understand Motor Neurone Disease, a devastating disease with no current treatments. The collaboration aims to identify key mechanisms that can kill motor neurons and build scientific understanding for future treatments.
A new machine learning method, MOML, simulates weather consultation to improve forecast accuracy by 27.91% compared to ECMWF model forecasts. The approach leverages observational data and both high- and low-frequency information for more accurate results.
Researchers found an optimal management scenario that benefits both winter-run chinook salmon and threatened green sturgeon by releasing warmer water in the spring and cold water in the summer. This strategy minimizes harm to young green sturgeon while meeting the needs of downstream agricultural users.
A novel quality improvement toolkit, IRON MOM, has shown to enhance early detection and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy, according to a study led by St. Michael's Hospital. The implementation resulted in a nearly 10 times increase in ferritin testing rates and a significant decrease in anemia risk.
Researchers at Emory University found that the medial axis of an object, or its skeletal geometry, is a crucial visual tool for object recognition. The study suggests that this inner mechanism may play a more important role than previously thought in recognizing objects quickly.
A study of 8,857 children found that recreational sports led to more serious head injuries than contact sports, with bike riding and skateboarding causing the most frequent serious injuries. The research highlights the need for greater awareness and safety measures in recreational sports to prevent head injuries in children.
Researchers found a significant increase in oxygen levels in ancient rocks, possibly setting the stage for dinosaur expansion into tropical regions. The discovery provides insight into the evolutionary diversification of dinosaurs during a critical period.
Researchers have identified key immunological changes in people who develop a meat allergy triggered by tick bites, which can lead to mild hives or life-threatening anaphylaxis. The study provides important insights into why otherwise healthy individuals can suddenly become allergic to mammalian meat.
The study found a significant increase in pre-emptive kidney transplants covered by Medicaid in states that expanded the program, with a 66% rise compared to non-expansion states. Medicaid-covered living-donor kidney transplants also increased, particularly in expansion states.
Research published in the Journal of Investigative Medicine found a significant association between AMD and high levels of ambient NO2 and CO. The study, which analyzed data from 1998 to 2010, showed that long-term exposure to pollutants was associated with an almost doubling in risk among those aged 50 and older.
Researchers created decision models to predict which patients need more treatment for depression than their primary care provider can offer. The algorithms provide actionable information to clinicians, helping them identify high-risk patients and refer them to mental health specialists.
Japanese family firms have found ways to keep centuries-old mottos relevant for decades, using strategies like elaborating, recovering, and decoupling to balance continuity with change. These methods help maintain a sense of purpose and responsiveness to competitive conditions.
A small number of pregnant women are exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) before recognition of pregnancy, according to a recent study. The researchers suggest implementing pregnancy screening measures and safety protocols to reduce inadvertent exposures.
Researchers mapped out how much waves are likely to change around the globe under climate change, finding that limiting warming to 2 degrees would keep signals of wave climate change within natural variability. However, 48% of the world's coast is at risk if we don't limit warming, with changes in wave height, period, or direction.
Researchers have identified a genetic suppressor of flp stomatal defects, which acts downstream from core cell cycle genes to ensure terminal division during stomatal development. The study found that CDK-mediated phosphorylation at the N-terminus of RPA2a is essential for RPA functioning and localization.
A new 8,000-year-old structure has been found next to the oldest known boat building site in the world on the Isle of Wight. The site features an intact wooden platform with split timbers, providing evidence of advanced woodworking skills and technological advancements.
Observational fieldwork provides valuable insights into evolutionary function, conditions for cognitive skill employment, and brain plasticity. Janmaat's five-step guideline guides scholars in studying cognition in wild animals through a suite of behaviours and statistical models.
A new study reveals that phosphorus-deficient soils reduced projected carbon dioxide uptake by 50% in the Amazon compared to current estimates. The Amazon Basin plays a critical role in mitigating climate change, but outdated assumptions have been used in models, leading to inaccurate predictions.
Scientists have reconstructed 300-million-year-old rainwater to study the history of Western France and its mountain range. The analysis suggests that the area was once mountainous, near the Equator, and subject to violent tectonic processes.
A new microbe called Methanoliparia has been found to degrade long-chain hydrocarbons into methane and carbon dioxide. This discovery provides an alternative to the previously thought complex partnership between archaea and bacteria.
Researchers at USC Center for Body Computing found that free ride programs can help older adults attend medical appointments more frequently, reducing social isolation. The study provided unlimited Lyft rides to patients with chronic diseases, resulting in improved quality-of-life experiences.
A new RAND Corporation report estimates that US spending on cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine reached nearly $150 billion in 2016. The market for cannabis is roughly the size of the cocaine and methamphetamine markets combined, with total spending fluctuating between $120 billion and $145 billion each year.
The UK topped the charts with an average Health Star Rating of 2.83, followed by the US and Australia. Meanwhile, China's packaged foods scored lowest due to high levels of saturated fat and sugar.
Researchers from NIOO-KNAW suggest a different approach to lake restoration by identifying four types of lakes based on spatial differences. Flushing with clean water may not be effective in all lake types, while reducing nutrient supply is key to permanent recovery.
Researchers developed a simplified computational model to predict locations susceptible to post-traumatic osteoarthritis in patients with ligament ruptures. The model identified areas prone to degeneration, suggesting potential pathways for patient-specific clinical evaluation and rehabilitation protocols.
Researchers investigated metabolic changes across organs in a large animal model of sepsis, identifying common and organ-specific alterations that could inform new therapeutic approaches. The study, published in The American Journal of Pathology, has the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with sepsis.
As humans age, their brains receive increased load from the heart's beating due to stiffening large arteries, causing damage to smallest blood vessels. The hippocampus, crucial for episodic memory, is particularly vulnerable to this increased stress.
Researchers used computer modeling and laboratory tests to investigate how changing gas flow rates and magnetic field sizes affect Hall thruster performance. They found that maintaining optimal ionization and acceleration regions can prolong the life of these systems, making them suitable for even longer space missions.
A new study found that the prevalence of depression, cannabis use, and alcohol abuse among US former smokers increased from 2005 to 2016. The results show that former smokers are more likely to be male, married, and non-Hispanic white, with higher incomes and education levels.
Researchers from Harvard SEAS developed a mathematical framework that can turn any sheet of material into any prescribed shape. The framework, inspired by paper craft kirigami, uses cuts to change flexibility and morph into 3D shapes.
Research found raised risks of blood clots, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure among cancer survivors, particularly those treated with chemotherapy. Long-term cardiovascular risks were elevated for over five years after diagnosis.
A TUM research team discovered iron-60 in Antarctic snow, ruling out cosmic radiation and nuclear sources. The isotope's presence suggests the solar system recently passed through an interstellar gas cloud.
Researchers analyzed the reaction mechanism of PUVA therapy using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The process involves two stages: initial binding and cyclobutane ring formation, which triggers programmed cell death and destroys diseased cells.
Researchers discovered a three-drug combination that sensitizes cancer cells to treatment, overcoming cross-therapy resistance. The approach involves time-sensitive administration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors alongside other drugs.
University of Washington researchers developed a prototype toolkit called ShareAR to build collaborative AR features without compromising user privacy and security. The team created 'ghost objects' to signal the physical location of private virtual content, addressing concerns around data breaches and harassment.
New USPSTF recommendations for BRCA1/2 genetic testing are beneficial, increasing use of genetic counseling and testing for those with high risk. However, concerns remain about large-panel genetic tests, direct-to-consumer multi-panel tests, and racial and socioeconomic disparities in genetic testing uptake.
A US study found a significant increase in depression, cannabis use, and binge drinking among former smokers from 2005 to 2016. The findings suggest that these risk factors could threaten progress in reducing cigarette use.
Researchers will investigate how solar UVB radiation triggers skin cancer and develop prevention and treatment strategies, including testing natural products and existing drugs.
Researchers at Tufts University developed transistors made from linen thread, enabling the creation of fully flexible devices with superior flexibility and material diversity. The device can be woven into fabric or worn on the skin, allowing for seamless integration with biological tissues.
A research team developed the world's thinnest and lightest differential amplifier for bioinstrumentation, amplifying weak biosignals with reduced disturbance noise. The flexible organic amplifier can be attached to human skin without discomfort, enabling real-time long-term monitoring of electrocardiac signals.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have identified LSD1 as a key regulator of skin cell turnover and found that blocking it could be an effective treatment method for non-melanoma skin cancers. The study shows that targeting LSD1 can force skin cells to differentiate, potentially turning tumor cells into healthier cells.
Researchers developed a new gene editing system that simultaneously suppresses proteins inhibiting the immune system in lymphoma cells and activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The technology, based on improved CRISPR gene editing, shows promise for treating various diseases including cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory conditions.
Changes in blood pressure in early adulthood have been linked to markers of poorer brain health in later life, according to a UCL-led research study. Higher blood pressure at midlife and faster rises in blood pressure between ages 36 and 43 were associated with smaller brain volumes.
A study published in Journal of Neuroscience reveals that FLRT3 protein, involved in neuron development and cell adhesion, is also critical for pain sensitization. High levels of FLRT3 protein were found in the dorsal horn following nerve injury, leading to touch sensitivity and mechanical allodynia.
Researchers found that faecal inoculations changed the koalas' microbiomes, allowing them to eat messmate. This could affect all aspects of their ecology, including nutrition and habitat selection. The study provides a proof of concept for using encapsulated faecal material to introduce new microbes in koalas' guts.