A study found that youth with psychosis spectrum disorders exhibit surface area reductions in key brain regions, including orbitofrontal, cingulate, precentral, and postcentral areas. These changes are not seen in typically developing youth or those with bipolar spectrum disorders.
A comprehensive register-based study from Aarhus University in Denmark found that the use of antidepressants by pregnant women decreased significantly by 33% between 2011 and 2023. This decline was mainly driven by a decrease in prescribing serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and citalopram, which is commonly used in Denmark.
A pilot study found that medical scribes increased the number of patients seen per day from 10 to 16 and improved resident interactions. Resident involvement in patient visits rose to 45% with scribe assistance.
Researchers at King's College London have found that immunotherapy for peanut allergy reduces sensitivity to peanuts, providing some protection against accidental reactions. However, the treatment does not cure allergies and can actually increase allergic reactions in some patients, highlighting the need for continued research.
MIB2 promotes proteasomal degradation of CYLD, activating NF-κB signaling and enhancing inflammation. Mib2-knockout mice show reduced serum IL-6 and suppressed inflammatory responses.
A study found that text-based nudges from school counselors increased the likelihood of high school seniors completing financial aid applications and enrolling in college. The intervention, implemented in Texas in 2015, provided students with weekly messages from their school counselors, offering guidance and support.
Pitt researcher Dr. James McKone investigates using renewable electricity as energy source for industrial hydrogenation reactions, which are crucial for producing fuels and fertilizers.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism behind bacterial evolution of drug resistance, exploiting collateral sensitivity for novel and sustainable treatments. The study found that certain drugs can be used in combination to eliminate bacterial populations or prevent the emergence of multidrug resistance.
Leipzig researchers have initiated a global primate study project, ManyPrimes, to address fundamental evolutionary questions. The first study focused on short-term memory in primates, with almost 180 animals from 12 species participating across 11 research stations.
The Endocrine Society calls for evidence-based approaches to transgender healthcare, citing the risks of denying care. The organization's Clinical Practice Guideline recommends avoiding hormone therapy for transgender children prior to puberty.
A simple questionnaire and skin test can identify non-allergic reactions to penicillin, allowing patients to switch to safer and cheaper antibiotics. This could save the US millions of dollars annually and reduce antibiotic-resistant infections.
A Columbia professor has developed a machine-learning based detector that automatically detects and stops lateral phishing attacks within organizations. The detector uses features like anomaly detection in communication patterns to flag suspicious emails with high precision and low false positive rates.
Researchers propose a virtual speed bump to reduce the impact of arbitrage traders on stock markets. The tweak can improve liquidity and make prices reflect reality better. Several exchanges have shown interest in the approach.
Researchers developed an AI-based ozone forecasting system that can predict ozone levels with 85-90% accuracy. The model uses convolutional neural networks to analyze current conditions and forecast future ozone levels, improving health alerts for people at risk.
A new method uses deep neural networks to precisely guide animated characters by inferring various motions, such as sitting, picking up objects, and running. The technique achieves this in a user-friendly way with simple control commands.
Using information theory, researchers at UNIGE aim to understand how impaired cellular communication influences cancer development. They propose a new approach to oncology, focusing on restoring proper signaling pathway activity rather than shutting them down.
The study identifies three dimensions of meaning in the brain: language, reference to self or external source, and social constructs. The researchers used functional MRI scans to analyze neural activation patterns for individual abstract concepts across participants.
Tropical Cyclone Kyarr is a powerful storm with an organized eye, producing deep convection and strong thunderstorms. Forecasted to turn southwest and make landfall in Somalia, the cyclone's trajectory may be influenced by two large areas of high pressure.
A new study found that daily mean temperatures are associated with increased undernutrition hospitalization rates in Brazil. Heat exposure was estimated to be responsible for 15.6% of undernutrition hospitalization during the study period, with vulnerable populations showing the greatest impact.
Opioid overdose deaths in Connecticut more than doubled between 2012 and 2018, driven by increased use of multiple drugs. The study found that fentanyl-related deaths often involved at least one other drug, highlighting the need for new prevention and intervention strategies.
Researchers found an association between aspirin use and decreased intracranial aneurysm growth rate. Growth is crucial as it increases rupture risk. The study suggests that aspirin may exert a protective effect against aneurysm growth and future rupture, but findings are observational and require further interventional studies.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that companies that disclose their cybersecurity risk management efforts fare better than those that don't after a breach. By implementing voluntary reporting guidelines, companies can reduce the impact of the 'contagion effect' and increase investor attractiveness.
A new study from the University of Michigan and Dartmouth University found that US-born residents are significantly more likely to use prescription opioids than new immigrants. The study analyzed data from the national Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and found that US-born residents were more than five times as likely to use opioids a...
Researchers discovered that neutrophils can eliminate MRSA bacteria on human skin, preventing them from invading the body. This finding could help explain why some people are only transient carriers of MRSA.
Researchers from Tunghai University and Taiwan Ocean Research Institute used social media to investigate pygmy seahorse diversity in Taiwan. They identified five separate species, including two previously unreported ones, and discovered a hotspot for biodiversity.
Scientists have discovered how red algae adapted to extreme environments by losing genes, allowing them to thrive in diverse habitats. The study's findings may lead to the creation of genetically altered seaweeds and help control invasive seaweed pests.
Researchers found that fashion models and women from the general population shared similar body image concerns, with thighs and tummies being top areas of focus. The app Somatomap showed promise in helping doctors diagnose and treat eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorders.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends greater access to weight-loss surgery for children and adolescents with severe obesity. The ASMBS has endorsed the new policy, which aims to increase access to evidence-based treatments that reduce the burden of severe obesity-related diseases.
A machine-learned algorithm correctly triaged the vast majority of postoperative patients to the intensive care unit, achieving an 82% accuracy rate. The algorithm outperformed clinicians' judgment, with a significant reduction in over-triage rates and improved predictive rates.
A new study conducted at Hospital for Special Surgery found that race and poverty are not risk factors for total knee replacement revision or failure. Factors associated with a higher risk of revision included younger age, male sex, and use of constrained prosthesis.
Researchers found that switching to dry powder inhalers from metered-dose inhalers could reduce carbon emissions by 58 tonnes annually, while also cutting drug costs. This switch could save the equivalent of 150-400kg of CO2 annually per individual.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic identified distinct patterns of brain damage associated with different Alzheimer's subtypes and age of onset. These findings suggest that available therapies will be most effective for patients with the hippocampal-sparing subtype and young-onset form of the disease.
Researchers have discovered a complex storm system in Saturn's north polar atmosphere, with features suggesting they are caused by convection in deep water clouds. The storms were found to be long-lived and high-intensity, unlike those on Earth, and appear to have formed at a rate of one every 30-60 years.
Researchers at Linköping University have discovered a material that can increase and reduce its volume when exposed to weak electrical pulses. The new conducting polymer expands to 14 or 120 times its original volume, making it significantly larger than previously reported materials controlled by an electrical signal.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed fast-acting robots capable of re-creating bioinspired high-powered and high-speed motions using stored elastic energy. These robots, similar to the chameleon's tongue strike, can catch live insects in just 120 milliseconds.
Researchers found that women using hormonal contraception experienced reduced benefits from exposure therapy compared to those not taking oral contraceptives. Symptom severity decreased after therapy, but improved more for those without hormonal contraception.
Researchers at the University of Washington found GEDmatch vulnerable to multiple security risks, including extracting sensitive genetic markers and impersonating relatives with fake profiles.
Researchers at Pitt and CMU are developing an all-in-one implantable device that can record neural activity, identify cell type, and determine cell function through chemical stimulation. This innovation aims to provide more information on brain function and reduce invasive methods.
Researchers found that warmer air and stronger storm winds contribute to wetter storms. The study analyzed over 4,000 simulated storms under current and future climate conditions, revealing a significant increase in rainfall rates due to global warming.
Researchers at PPPL develop new mathematical tools to forecast wave presence in fusion experiments, providing new methods for maintaining plasma confinement. Meanwhile, scientists also find unexpected links between astrophysical processes and small-scale experiments, shedding light on magnetic reconnection.
Research by Queen's University Belfast found that grandiose narcissism can increase mental toughness, reducing symptoms of depression and perceived stress. This contradicts the traditional view of narcissism as a solely negative personality trait.
New research reveals that antibiotic-resistant bacteria carry dormant genes that can quickly become active, making them resistant to treatment. This study highlights the complexity of the fight against superbugs and the need for improved screening processes.
Researchers developed implantable scaffolds that attract and analyze cancer cells, providing unique information on disease progression. The technology has potential to improve early detection and monitoring of cancer treatments.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have developed a new material that can be used to produce cheaper infrared plastic lenses. The lenses, made from a sulfur-based polymer, are stronger and more temperature-resistant than previous versions and can be produced at lower temperatures, making them more affordable.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that emit different colors of light to trigger specific biological processes. They successfully controlled the beating rate in modified heart-muscle cells using red and green light, demonstrating a new level of control over biological processes.
The study highlights three new capabilities for engineers: understanding socio-economic contexts, optimizing resources, and navigating complex environments. Engineers of the 21st century must adapt to global challenges by considering their social and environmental responsibility.
A study by Binghamton University researchers found that early retirement can lead to accelerated cognitive decline among the elderly. The Chinese New Rural Pension Scheme was linked to decreased cognitive performance, particularly in females, and reduced social engagement and mental activities.
Research reveals that sanderlings migrating to West Africa have lower survival rates, arrive late at breeding grounds, and skip their first breeding season. The study suggests that the costs of longer migratory flights outweigh benefits in winter habitats.
Researchers found a significant link between daily mean temperatures and hospitalisations for undernourishment in Brazil. The study estimated that 15.6% of undernutrition hospitalisations could be attributed to heat exposure, with the greatest impact on individuals aged over 80 and those between 5-19 years.
The ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator can predict four specific quality-of-life outcomes for older patients: pressure ulcer, delirium, new mobility aid use, and functional decline. The calculator's precision and accuracy in predicting these outcomes will help surgeons counsel older adults about the likelihood of developing these issues.
A recent study found that telehealth effectively diagnosed and managed fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) in rural patients, achieving significant cost savings while maintaining high patient satisfaction. The study used real-time video consultation between medical experts and pediatric cardiologists, resulting in improved diagnostic ...
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing used a mystery shopper methodology to evaluate the quality of HIV/STI testing services for young men who have sex with men. The results showed variable performance across cities and testing sites, emphasizing the need to improve these services.
A Rutgers study found that cycling-related facial and head injuries have remained steady despite an increase in bicyclists on the road. However, there was a significant rise in serious injuries among older adults, particularly those aged 55-64, with over 86,000 hospitalizations from 2008 to 2017.
A Cornell University study reveals that discrimination may occur faster than the blink of an eye, especially when money is scarce. Under conditions of economic scarcity, participants took significantly longer to process black faces than white faces, allocating less money to black recipients.
Citizen scientists using Facebook and Instagram contributed to the discovery of five new species of pygmy seahorses in Taiwanese waters. The 'Japan pig' seahorse was also found, expanding our knowledge of its habitat and distribution.
Researchers found patients with significant blood vessel calcification were more likely to have a specific variant of HDAC9, implicating the gene in cardiovascular disease. The study suggests HDAC9 causes abnormal changes in vascular cells, resembling bone cells, leading to hardening of arteries.
Research found that over 40% of older adults living with chronic conditions would be unlikely to seek mental health help even if needed. Key barriers include skepticism about benefits, lack of family/friend support, and belief in own capability limitations.
A federally funded study by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers shows that wearable accelerometers are a reliable tool for predicting death risk in older adults. The research found that an accurate and objective accounting of physical activity outperforms traditional predictors of mortality, such as age, smoking, diabetes, alcohol use, ...
Researchers at Ohio State University created a method to keep the collective behavior of oxygen isotopes moving long enough for scientists to study it well. This enables the understanding of the structure around oxygen and allows the creation of better materials, such as stronger glass and ceramics.
A new report outlines social determinants' critical role in population health, highlighting systemic inequalities that cut across multiple factors. The report recommends policy actions to address socioeconomic disparities in cancer incidence, including addressing income inequality and supporting targeted provisions.