The study used Mossbauer spectroscopy to analyze iron-containing catalysts and determine their phase composition before and after thermal steam exposure. The results indicate that maghemite is reduced to magnetite when the iron oxides react with water vapor during catalytic aquathermolysis of crude oil.
A new study published in Eating and Weight Disorders found a strong correlation between eating disorders and body dysmorphia, affecting 76% of participants. The research suggests that healthcare professionals should screen individuals with body dysmorphia for eating disorders regularly.
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine discovered that skin cells communicate with each other through protein signals to stop growing and prevent cancer. This finding could lead to new treatment options and potentially prevent melanomas from developing in the first place.
A Monash University study warns of devastating impacts of climate change on wildfire seasons, with fuel, oxygen, and ignition source conditions fueling the crisis. Immediate action is needed to limit greenhouse gas emissions and avoid substantial increases in wildfire exposure by the end of the century.
Researchers from MIPT have developed a prototype detector of high-energy particles capable of picking up protons and electrons with energies between 10-100 MeV. The device improves radiation protection for astronauts and advances our understanding of solar flares.
Researchers found that compressing cells can trigger cell growth and division, increasing stem-cell state. Squeezing intestinal cells activates specific proteins, leading to larger organoids with more stem cells on their surface.
Researchers at Monash University discovered that metformin, a diabetes drug, removes damaged proteins and restores swimming ability in zebrafish with myofibrillar myopathies. The treatment shows promise for children suffering from this rare genetic disease.
A 45-year-old man with asthma experienced sudden permanent hearing loss in one ear after being treated for COVID-19, highlighting a possible new side effect. Prompt steroid treatment can reverse the condition.
The study finds that high miR-708 expression is associated with survival rates in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Additionally, miR-708 decreases proliferation, survival, and migration of lung cancer cells by inhibiting PGE2 signaling.
A new study summarizes over 30 years of clinical experience in treating glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1), a rare and devastating metabolic disorder. The clinic's therapies have reduced brain injury risk by 83%, improving treatment outcomes for individuals with GA1.
Gryfn, a Purdue University-affiliated agbioscience startup, is growing its space and expanding into new markets with its multisensor drone data collection technology. The company has added team members, evaluated new technologies, and is actively recruiting a research scientist to empower the future of agriculture research.
Researchers analyze how our minds plan resource use to reduce excessive energy consumption and carbon emissions. They propose concrete strategies to fine-tune policy instruments and promote sustainable behavior, taking into account cognitive mechanisms such as spillover effects, rebound effects, and mental accounting labels.
Researchers found a warming trend in the deep sea, with temperature fluctuations detectable at depths of up to 4,757 meters. The increase in temperatures is consistent with global climate change, but more research is needed to understand its causes.
Researchers discovered that immune system T cells can home-in on tumor cells independently of intermediary immune cells and release chemical signals that attract more T cells. This 'swarming' behavior could help develop new cancer therapies targeting solid tumors, currently less responsive to immunotherapies.
Researchers developed tools to estimate if wave-energy devices will turn over in changing ocean environments. The mathematical approach considers device geometry, mooring systems, and tidal wave properties, yielding accurate predictions.
New research shows that climate change is altering the role of the North American monsoon in regulating wildfire season. Without the monsoon's winter rains, winter rainfall and snowpack are not enough to stop severe fires, leading to more destructive blazes. The US may learn from Mexico's land management strategies to mitigate wildfires.
Research reveals that trapping is ineffective in controlling invasive American signal crayfish in Europe, and may even exacerbate the problem. A novel 'triple drawdown technique' proved significantly more accurate in determining population size.
A UH professor has received a $897,400 federal grant to study how parents influence their children's emotional development. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion coaching in shaping parental interactions and improving relationships with children.
Researchers investigated the association between e-cigarette use and self-reported wheezing among adolescents. The study found a significant link between e-cigarette use and increased risk of respiratory symptoms in this age group.
A recent study published in eLife found that statins may lower overall cancer risk by inhibiting HMGCR enzymes, potentially through non-lipid lowering mechanisms. The research used genetic variants from UK Biobank and suggested a possible link between statin therapy and reduced cancer risk.
Dr. Ed Fry, a distinguished professor at Texas A&M University, received the 2020 Nils Gunnar Jerlov Award for his contributions to understanding light scattering and optical absorption of water. The award recognizes his innovative research in ocean optics.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new method to characterize and calibrate spectrometers using excess noise in light signals. This approach allows for faster and more accurate calibration, with results comparable to traditional methods in just a few seconds.
The new T3 Cleanrooms facility at the Translational Research Institute is accelerating Australian medical innovations into clinical trials. The facility provides small-scale sterile product manufacturing and training capacity for researchers, start-ups, and companies.
VIDO-InterVac has been awarded a grant to determine the effectiveness of several antiviral compounds against COVID-19 using a hamster model. The project aims to develop a safe solution to end the pandemic as quickly as possible.
A tiny jaw from Greenland has revealed the earliest known example of dentary bone with two rows of cusps on molars and double-rooted teeth, offering insights into mammal tooth evolution. The discovery suggests that complex occlusion and double-rooted teeth developed together in early mammals.
Researchers developed a new method to distinguish between small earthquakes and low-yield nuclear explosions in the US West. By comparing local magnitude and coda duration magnitude measurements, seismologists can identify seismic events caused by human activity more accurately.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed novel anticancer compounds that inhibit the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, a key player in ER stress response. These inhibitors show selective activity against malignant B cells, including MM and CLL, with improved tumor specificity.
A new study from Binghamton University suggests that coaches who focus on transformational leadership can help athletes become less reliant on them over time. This means that coaches who inspire and mentor their players to achieve their full potential are more likely to have a positive impact on their development.
Researchers have found that an amino acid called D-serine could prevent a type of epileptic seizure by blocking receptors in the brain. The study, published in Nature Communications, suggests that D-serine levels are depleted in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, leading to neuronal death and loss of function.
Dr. Adebiyi's research investigates newborn kidney functions and their alterations in acute and long-term disease, with a focus on growth-restricted infants. The new $3 million grant will explore the cellular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney insufficiency in these babies.
A USC study found that the hunger hormone ghrelin affects animals' eating frequency and memory. Rats with disrupted ghrelin signaling to the vagus nerve ate more frequently and gained weight, indicating impaired episodic memory.
Scientists compiled new evidence that atolls are formed by cyclic changes in sea level, contradicting Darwin's 1842 theory. Researchers found that atolls were created by flat-topped banks built over 5 million years ago, driven by fluctuations in the Earth's climate.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have created a new type of quasiparticle called helical topological exciton-polaritons, which have a defined spin locked to their direction of motion. This achievement opens up possibilities for using them to transmit information or perform computations at unprecedented speeds.
The research team developed a new ultrafast fiber laser that produces an average power of over 10 kW without significant degradation in beam quality. This technology paves the way for industrial-scale materials processing and visionary applications such as space debris removal.
Researchers found that the orbitofrontal cortex, responsible for calculating economic value, also judges relationship value based on commitment signals. This suggests a neural overlap between economic and social value evaluation.
A new study by Columbia University researchers found that mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection rarely transmit the virus to their newborns when basic infection-control practices are followed. This suggests that more extensive measures like separating COVID-19-positive mothers from their newborns may not be necessary.
A nationwide cohort study has confirmed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased mortality risk, even in mild stages. The study found that patients with NAFLD had a 93% increased risk of all-cause mortality, driven primarily by deaths from extra-hepatic cancer and cirrhosis.
Passelègue's groundbreaking study sheds light on the dynamics of faults, finding that initial strain plays a crucial role in determining rupture speed and energy release. His model shows that higher strains trigger faster ruptures while lower strains result in slower ones.
A new study suggests that restrictive border policies could exacerbate the effects of climate change on vulnerable regions, limiting their ability to emigrate. In contrast, open borders have a positive impact on developing countries, providing an important source of income through remittance and reducing vulnerability to climate change.
Researchers at NHGRI conducted a study to better understand the needs of patients with sickle cell disease regarding genome editing clinical trials. Participants showed higher genetic literacy levels than expected, but emphasized the need for accessible information about risks and benefits.
A new study by University of York found that TV advertising, free tobacco products, and exposure to smoking in public places are the biggest drivers of tobacco use among teens in South Asia. Teaching adolescents about the harmful effects of tobacco at school was effective in reducing smokeless tobacco use but not smoking.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University propose a novel approach to analyzing dendritic spine shapes by considering clusterization methods. This approach can provide more accurate understanding of synaptic input and its relationship with learning, memory, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers in Lesotho and Switzerland found that combining home visits with HIV self-tests increased test coverage among villagers, particularly young people. The strategy resulted in a 20% higher HIV test rate compared to traditional campaigns.
Researchers repurposed wasp venom peptides to develop anti-infectives with dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Mice treated with these peptides exhibited reduced bacterial counts and improved survival rates.
A recent study by Ezekiel J. Emanuel et al. compares COVID-19 deaths and excess all-cause mortality in the US to 18 countries with varying COVID-19 responses. The findings highlight the significant impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates worldwide.
Researchers found that estrogen receptor beta is essential for female skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, promoting muscle stem cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death. In contrast, male mice lacking the ERβ gene did not show impaired muscle regenerative capacity, suggesting a gender-specific mechanism.
Researchers at Linköping University have identified a new mechanism by which substances can open specific ion channels and regulate nerve impulses. The study reveals a large group of substances that influence the coupling between ion channel parts, opening potassium channels in a specific manner.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened existing health and economic disparities in communities of color, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. A proposed program of restorative justice aims to address these disparities through investments in education and housing, reforms in lending practices, and criminal justice reforms.
Researchers at New York University have developed a new fast-acting form of deltamethrin, a widely used insecticide, that is up to 12 times more effective against mosquitoes than the existing form. The new crystal form remains stable and kills mosquitoes for at least three months.
The Affordable Care Act is facing an uncertain future due to the national election and a pending Supreme Court case. A panel of national experts will discuss the law's origins, impacts, and potential future at a free online event on Oct. 15.
Researchers developed CAR NKT cells to target neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer. The modified cells showed safety, localization to tumors, and induced an objective response with regression of bone metastatic lesions in one patient.
Research reveals a correlation between impaired blood flow and tau protein buildup in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting targeting vascular function as a key to prevention and treatment. The study used MRI and PET scans to compare blood flow and tau levels in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment.
A University of Cincinnati researcher is conducting a study on pharmacogenomics and opioid addiction. The goal is to identify genetic markers associated with OUD and compare them between patients who have and don't have the condition.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center developed a therapy using immune system T cells and an immune-boosting drug packaged in a gel to preserve vision in mice implanted with retinoblastoma. The therapy successfully delayed tumor development and prevented recurrence, showing promise for future clinical trials.
FACET-II will produce highly energetic electron and positron beams, allowing researchers to understand the universe's fundamental particles and forces, as well as biology and chemistry. The facility will also aid in designing brighter-than-ever X-ray lasers and lead to improvements in existing light sources.
A bioceramic scaffold promotes bone regeneration and repair large bone defects without the need for bone grafts. The study found that the bioceramic converted into well-vascularized bone tissue with a structure similar to native bone.
A study by Hokkaido University scientists found that age is independent of COVID-19 susceptibility, but age-dependent factors contribute to severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. The researchers modeled data from Japan, Spain, and Italy to demonstrate this point.
A study of US hospitals found that children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience longer hospital stays and incur higher healthcare expenses due to the complexity of their medical needs. Further investigation is needed to understand the healthcare needs of this population.
Researchers reconstruct Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) with annual resolution using titanium levels in lake sediment cores. The record indicates the warmest interval occurred within the past decade.
A new study has created a comprehensive map of how immune cells learn to fight infections and preserve memories of these encounters. The findings, published in Nature Immunology, could help scientists develop new vaccines and therapies for various diseases by targeting specific immune cells.