Research on 200 million-year-old mammal teeth reveals they functioned like reptiles, living up to 14 years. Fossilized cementum rings were used to determine lifespan, contradicting previous warm-blooded mammal assumptions.
Researchers created model simulations of the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption using tree-ring records and emissions data. The study found that as little as 1% of halogen released from the eruption reached the stratosphere, suggesting potential for substantial ozone depletion despite small amounts.
Scientists at Penn Medicine have engineered bacteria-killing molecules from toxic proteins found in wasp venom, which could help combat antibiotic-resistant infections. The new antimicrobial molecules work by disrupting bacterial membranes and summoning immune cells, showing promise as potential treatments for sepsis and tuberculosis.
A new study by Stanford University's Natural Capital Project emphasizes the importance of considering diverse human needs when conserving ecosystems. The researchers argue that a one-size-fits-all approach can exacerbate existing social and racial inequalities, and instead recommend inclusive policies that prioritize equity.
The discovery of the COM1 gene reveals its role in controlling cell growth and influencing the properties of cell walls to form spikelets. This finding provides new insights into grass inflorescence architecture and may aid in increasing barley's yield potential.
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, have demonstrated a new cooling solution for nanostructured devices using surface waves. Surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) enhance thermal conductivity in thin membranes, improving heat transport beyond conventional acoustic phonon limitations.
Researchers assessed the impact of international border policy on migration flows and climate change exposure from 2015 to 2100. They found that most migrants move to areas experiencing less severe climate change impacts when allowed to migrate.
The report highlights the need for improved disease and pest management systems to address the vulnerability of lower-middle and low-income countries to pandemic-scale outbreaks. Agricultural producers face significant challenges, including reduced labor availability, supply chain disruptions, and under-funded research programs.
Researchers at Columbia University discovered a rare form of magnetism in a three-layer graphene structure, showcasing exotic electronic states and controllable magnetic behavior. The twist angle enables the manipulation of spin-free magnetism, opening new possibilities for quantum computation and energy-efficient data storage.
Researchers propose that volatile outgassing led to the flattening shape of Arrokoth, a small Kuiper Belt object. The study suggests sublimation mass loss could be a ubiquitous process shaping KBOs' structures.
Researchers analyzed health records of nearly 3 million US adults before and after the 2016 presidential election, finding higher acute CVD hospitalization rates following the election. The study suggests that sociopolitical stress may be a contributing factor to increased risk of acute cardiovascular disease.
A new software tool called HangFix can detect and fix hang bugs in production cloud systems, resolving issues in seconds. Researchers tested the tool against 42 real-world bugs and found it successfully fixed 40 of them instantly.
A new study has found that both mothers and fathers with mental health problems are more likely to have a baby born prematurely. Men with persistent mental health issues were more likely to have a preterm birth, while women with anxiety and depression during pregnancy also increased the risk.
Researchers have discovered a new method to repair defective fetal membranes using small bioengineered molecules, which could help prevent preterm birth. The study found that these molecules can self-assemble to form a plug that seals holes within the fetal membranes.
Researchers recorded real-time changes in dopamine and serotonin levels in patients' brains during tasks, revealing that serotonin levels increased with uncertainty and decreased with confidence. The study provides insight into how dopamine and serotonin regulate perception, decision-making, and cognition, potentially leading to improv...
Two studies from UC San Diego found that standing and light physical activity significantly reduce the risk of death, even for just 30 minutes a day. The research team also compared sedentary time in Americans to farmers in Malawi, finding substantially higher levels of activity among the latter group.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo have found evidence of a critical point based on the cooperative formation of tetrahedra in supercooled water. This discovery suggests that water's anomalies, such as its maximum density and large heat capacity, originate from the two-state feature, rather than criticality.
A study published in Cell Systems identified 219 molecules that strongly correlate with COVID-19 severity. The analysis revealed a unique network of molecules influencing blood coagulation, inflammation, and vessel damage. Researchers hope this discovery will lead to the development of targeted therapeutics to alleviate disease.
Researchers developed a novel technique to produce high-performing biometric sensors by printing them directly on human skin at room temperature. The sensors can capture precise temperature, humidity, blood oxygen levels, and heart performance signals, and are environmentally friendly, making them suitable for people with sensitive skin.
A research team from Russia and Japan explored jet formation in an optical fiber immersed in liquid, revealing the reasons behind this phenomenon. The study found that the jet velocity depends on the relationship between the vapor bubble size and fiber radius, with potential applications for laser surgical techniques.
Researchers have discovered that female mosquitoes use four distinct types of neurons to detect the unique flavor of human blood, which may lead to new methods for preventing mosquito-borne illnesses. By studying these taste neurons, scientists hope to develop a drug or treatment that could deter mosquitoes from biting humans.
Researchers have found that dopamine and serotonin, traditionally linked to reward processing, also integrate perceptions with actions, influencing how people perceive the world. This discovery could provide new insights into psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Research suggests that psychological distress during pregnancy may be linked to a heightened risk of asthma and poorer lung function in children. The study found that mothers' overall psychological distress was associated with a 45-92% increased risk of current asthma in their children, while fathers' symptoms had no association.
Researchers have developed a computational approach called EpiMogrify that can predict the molecules needed to keep cells healthy in laboratory cultures. The model successfully identified molecules to maintain healthy nerve cells and heart cells, and predicted molecules that trigger stem cells to turn into specific cell types.
Researchers analyzed Kalaallitkigun jenkinsi, a late Triassic species from Greenland, to study the origin of double-row cusped molar-like teeth. The findings suggest that these features may have evolved together with biomechanically optimized dual roots.
Researchers review 'multi-state memory' data storage technology that stores more than just 0s and 1s, enabling high-density storage and fast access. The technology has the potential to enhance storage density without scaling down device dimensions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health care data collection, leading to challenges in managing and analyzing patient information. Researchers emphasize the need for healthcare systems to develop new strategies to address these disruptions and ensure accurate data reporting.
Researchers found that male voice, female voice, and hybrid voice-tone alarms awakened 85-89% of children and prompted 84-89% to escape, outperforming the high-frequency tone alarm. These alarms may reduce residential fire-related injuries and deaths among children.
Researchers discovered that MG53 blocks inflammation and protects lungs from flu-induced death in mouse studies, offering a potential new therapy for the top-10 cause of global deaths. The treatment prevents excessive inflammation without affecting the virus itself.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge developed vLUME, a virtual reality software that allows for the visualization and analysis of complex biological data. This enables faster testing and analysis, leading to new discoveries and insights into fundamental problems in biology.
Researchers at Kumamoto University discovered that damaged muscle fibers leak components that activate dormant satellite cells. These cells then proliferate and regenerate muscle fibers, a highly rational mechanism for tissue repair. The study identifies metabolic enzymes like GAPDH as key activators of satellite cells.
Researchers at the University of South Florida Health found that SSH1 disrupts p62's ability to clear damaged tau proteins and mitochondria, leading to accumulation of toxic cellular waste. This defect may help develop SSH1 inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
The study examines the risk of mother-to-newborn transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and finds that it occurs in approximately 0.3% of cases. Newborns born to mothers with active SARS-CoV-2 infection are at increased risk for respiratory complications, including pneumonia.
Three Michigan nursing homes successfully limited COVID-19 spread through advance planning, universal testing, and connection with Michigan Medicine. Proactive testing of asymptomatic residents and timely test results played a crucial role in containing the outbreak.
A Penn State College of Medicine researcher is leading a three-year project to create an atlas of developing mice brains using computational tools and high-resolution imaging. The goal is to better understand brain development and identify key cells that may contribute to disorders like autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers found X-rays continuing to radiate from the collision long after models predicted they would stop. The study suggests possible explanations for the long-lived X-ray emissions, including a new feature of the collision's afterglow or the presence of a remnant neutron star.
A survey of 4,285 Australians found that only a few percent mentioned climate-related actions to help protect the reef. Instead, respondents emphasized the importance of reducing plastic consumption and suggested public-sphere actions such as banning sunscreens or stopping commercial fishing.
A new study suggests that pandemic-related stress leads to lower employee engagement, but a supportive boss can make a positive difference. Servant leaders who prioritize employees' emotional needs and well-being help reduce stress and increase pro-social behavior.
A new earphone device called C-Face can track full facial expressions by observing the contour of the cheeks, translating them into emojis or silent speech commands. This technology has potential applications in remote work, virtual reality collaborations, and directing devices using facial cues.
The UC Davis SEED Scholar program will provide a four-year, fully integrated college experience for students with intellectual disabilities. The program aims to create a model for inclusive education and offers a range of academic, social, and internship opportunities.
Researchers found that the Tweed River valley could absorb millions of tonnes of CO2 through olivine rock weathering, but this is a small fraction of global emissions. The study used modelling data to estimate carbon absorption rates and their impact on sea-level rise.
Researchers found that higher antibody levels in sicker patients correlate with disease severity, but surprisingly, many elderly patients produced as strong an antibody response as younger adults. The study suggests that a vaccine may not need to achieve the highest possible RBD-S antibody levels.
A new assay using HEPATOPAC model identifies drugs with high DILI risk, showing high sensitivity and specificity. BioIVT's advanced in vitro liver model provides a promising solution for preclinical DILI risk assessment.
In a new study, researchers have identified the molecular mechanism behind two key proteins that influence plant form and timing of developmental transitions. The study reveals an antagonistic relationship between Terminal Flower 1 (TLF1) and Flowering Locus T (FT) proteins, which promote branch formation and flowering, respectively.
Researchers at Université de Genève develop non-flammable solid electrolyte that operates at room temperature, transporting sodium instead of lithium. The new battery technology has potential to store more energy and is being used to create a new generation of stable and powerful batteries.
Researchers found a new species of sea star that clones itself, allowing it to disperse globally and reach the Caribbean. The discovery was made using DNA barcoding and confirms the larvae's ability to clone themselves is a key factor in its distribution.
Researchers successfully replicated Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in various human cell lines, including liver, intestinal, and airway cells. This finding suggests that SADS-CoV has a broad host range and may pose a risk to human health.
Researchers discovered that immobilizing extremities alters the way stem cells interact with their extracellular environment, switching their fate from becoming debilitating bone to benign fat. This finding could help doctors optimize healing in patients with extremity injuries.
Researchers found a seasonally variable biogenic CO2 cycle in Los Angeles, driven by irrigation and turf/plant growth, accounting for 33% of total emissions. The study highlights the need to separate fossil and biogenic sources of carbon in urban areas.
Astronomers observe a direct connection between stellar material and bright flare emitted as star is consumed, revealing the origin of obscuring dust and debris. The study provides insights into supermassive black holes and matter behavior under extreme gravity conditions.
A breakthrough in semi-autonomous colonoscopy uses a robot to guide a medical device into the body, reducing the demanding task of manipulation for doctors or nurses. The system enables precise locations for biopsies or tissue examination with minimal pain and increased patient access.
A new study from North Carolina State University found that several widely available interventions are associated with reduced medical costs and a lower likelihood of emergency room visits or hospitalizations for children with asthma. The interventions include asthma self-management education, flu vaccine, spacer use, and nebulizer use.
The study identifies four threats that affect consumer behavior, including health, economic, social, and misinformation threats. Consumers have shown adaptive responses to these challenges, such as switching to online streaming services or making their own hand sanitizer.
Research from Syracuse University's Falk College reveals a significant correlation between the number of female executives and reduced player arrests. The study found that NFL teams with a critical mass of women executives had 21% fewer player arrests, suggesting a potential pathway to reduce off-the-job misconduct.
A joint statement from prominent medical organizations assures pregnant women that labor epidurals do not cause autism. The statement rejects the idea that epidurals could be linked to autism spectrum disorders in offspring, citing a lack of credible evidence.
A statistical approach analyzing 14,912 Western paintings reveals spatial composition patterns that can distinguish between artists and style periods. The study found that compositional features shifted over time, with dominant horizons changing in location during the Rococo, Romantic, Realism, Impressionism, and 20th century periods.
A study by the University of Houston found that consumers prefer dining rooms with partitions between tables due to their perceived cleanliness, visual attractiveness, and comfort. Surprisingly, older respondents (over 40) were more willing to visit establishments with partitions, rating both options equally comfortable and welcoming.
Researchers at the University of Kansas have developed technology to separate gas using renewable furanic-based polymers, reducing capital costs by a factor of 10 and increasing hydrogen recovery by 20%. The breakthrough could be a boon to companies refining oil and producing hydrogen fuel cells, replacing traditional gas-separation te...
The study revises previous estimates of excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring cause-specific mortality rates. It highlights relationships between lifting restrictions and excess deaths from various causes.
Researchers found atmospheric dust levels increasing by up to 5% per year across the Great Plains, correlated with farming practices and seasonal crop cycles. The trend suggests a repeat of the devastating Dust Bowl that devastated the Midwest in the 1930s.