A new study examines global trends in nature's contributions to people, revealing declines in natural regulations of water pollutants and negative impacts on crop yields. The research highlights the critical need for better management of earth systems to ensure sustainable benefits for future generations.
A study on lettuce reveals that the genetic basis of leaf heading is controlled by a single gene, LsKN1, which promotes compact head development and prolongs shelf life. The researchers found that a transposon insertion in this gene elevates its expression, leading to heading in crisphead lettuce.
Researchers at University of Toronto have developed an electrochemical method to convert captured carbon into commercially valuable products, such as fuels and plastics. The new process significantly lowers the overall energy cost of combined capture and upgrade, making it more economically attractive.
Researchers found that women with low levels of senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASPs) had higher survival rates than those with high levels. Brachytherapy greatly improved survival in patients with high SASP levels, but had little impact on those with low levels.
The journal features papers on AI in medicine, including new roles for clinicians and AI-aided disease prediction. It also covers the development of chest imaging analysis methods for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Researchers A.M. Celal Sengor and colleagues used geochemistry and structural geology to identify essential mountain-building processes in the Precambrian rock record. The Saharides' formation added 3-5 million km2 of material to the continents, providing a new method for reconstructing complex mountain formations.
A UK study found that teenage body dissatisfaction is a strong predictor of depression in early adulthood, particularly among boys. By age 18, the risk of depression increases significantly, with girls more likely to experience severe symptoms than boys.
The ZOWIAC project will investigate the effects of invasive carnivores on biological diversity and human health, using monitoring, metabarcoding, and spatial analysis to understand their impact. Citizens will also be involved in the research through a citizen science platform.
African American childhood cancer survivors are at a higher risk of developing cardiomyopathy, with genetic variants on chromosomes 15q25.3 and 1p13.2 identified as key factors. The study has implications for long-term follow-up and surveillance of these patients.
A team of researchers has rediscovered the Endodonta christenseni land snail, previously presumed extinct, on the remote Hawaiian island of Nihoa. The discovery highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect this species and its habitat from human disturbances and climate change.
Researchers developed a new method combining label-free imaging with artificial intelligence to study live cells over time. The technique allows for the estimation of cell attributes without using toxic fluorescent dyes.
Scientists have discovered 17 genetic abnormalities that cause brain aneurysms, providing a new understanding of the disease and potential markers for instability. The study also highlights the importance of genetic predisposition to high blood pressure and smoking in developing intracranial aneurysms.
Researchers found parental job loss during the pandemic increases risk for psychological and physical abuse towards children. However, positive coping strategies mitigate this risk, even among families experiencing job loss.
A new approach to neuromorphic computing has been demonstrated using micrometer-sized wafers, enabling fast and energy-efficient pattern recognition. The HZDR team's component exploits spin waves to process information without moving electrons, promising applications in AI-powered smartphones and traffic optimization.
Researchers report a 50-year review of nature's contributions to human societies, revealing an imbalance between agricultural growth and declining regulatory ecosystem services. The study highlights the need for adaptations and substitutes, but notes they come at a cost.
A recent study found that people believe they are above average at spotting misinformation, while also experiencing negative emotions when exposed to false information about COVID-19 on social media. This phenomenon, known as the third-person effect, makes it challenging to encourage individuals to participate in media literacy education.
Scientists predict that Sunspot Cycle 25 will be one of the strongest on record due to its predicted peak sunspot number. The new cycle is forecasted to start with a bang, and if correct, it would support the research team's theory about the Sun's internal magnetic machine.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found specific cell functions reactivated in the gut of children with Crohn's Disease. The research provides insight into fundamental molecular mechanisms of human gut development and may lead to childhood-specific treatments.
A study by the American College of Cardiology found that fracking sites may increase heart failure hospitalizations across large regions. Environmental impacts of fracking, including air pollution and heavy truck traffic, can lead to adverse respiratory effects and worsening cardiac health.
A new spin-out company, Cerca, has launched a groundbreaking wearable brain scanner that allows people to move freely while being scanned. The Cerca Scanner uses magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology, adapted from quantum sensors, to capture high-resolution images of brain activity with millimetre accuracy. This innovation promises t...
Researchers find preferential heating of heavier ions like silicon in the transition region, which is thought to be a key mechanism for coronal heating. The study provides insights into how magnetic reconnection and ion cyclotron heating contribute to the sun's super-hot atmosphere.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison introduce a new framework for emotional well-being, focusing on specific skills that can be learned. The framework emphasizes four pillars: awareness, connection, insight, and purpose, which have been studied in the lab and shown to improve well-being.
A recent study analyzing daily temperatures and mortality in Turin, Italy, found that women with low educational levels are most at risk of heat-related mortality. The research also reveals that individuals living alone, regardless of gender, are more susceptible to heat stress than those who share a home.
The VARIPath project aims to develop a 'crystal ball' for predicting disease progression in viral respiratory tract infections. Researchers will analyze virus evolution and host immune response characteristics using high-throughput sequencing techniques. This could lead to personalized treatment strategies and improved prognosis.
An international team of researchers has connected specific genetic signals with specific areas of the face, identifying 203 genomic regions that play a role in human facial development. The study sheds light on craniofacial malformations such as cleft lip and palate, as well as evolutionary differences between various populations.
Researchers have discovered a new chemical design principle for exploiting destructive quantum interference to create a six-nanometer long single-molecule switch with an enormous on/off ratio. The approach enables the production of stable and reproducible single-molecule switches at room temperature.
A University of Michigan study examining 3.8 million federal inventory records found little evidence that seizing military weapons increases violent crime or puts police at risk. Previous data analyses supporting the use of military equipment to reduce crime were unreliable due to data problems.
Thermoelectric materials work by exploiting heat flow, providing emission-free energy. New materials are needed to improve cooling efficiency and control, expanding the existing market.
A digital stethoscope with artificial intelligence can accurately detect irregular lung sounds, making it easier to diagnose COVID-19 and other respiratory conditions. The device features noise suppression technology, allowing for clear body sounds without the need for training.
A study published in the journal CANCER found that Black women with early breast cancer have significantly higher obesity rates (62%) and comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes, than white women. Despite similar treatment decisions, these disparities contribute to a 40% mortality gap.
Osaka University researchers developed a technique to study liver cancer genes in lab mice, identifying a serum biomarker for effective treatment. The study found that FGF19-driven HCC is susceptible to lenvatinib treatment and a specific protein, ST6GAL1, can be used as a biomarker.
Researchers analyzed GPS data from 106 wild cheetahs in Namibia, finding that communication hubs were key areas for conflict. Shifting breeding herds away from these hubs reduced calf losses to cheetah predation by approximately 86%.
Researchers discovered that Arctic ground squirrels recycle their body's own nutrients to survive during long, inactive winters. They convert free nitrogen into amino acids, allowing them to synthesize protein in vital tissues.
A new study reveals that every week of lockdown leads to increased binge drinking, with participants consuming six drinks per session compared to two among less regular binge drinkers. The research highlights the relationship between COVID-19-related stress factors and changes in alcohol consumption.
Research reveals that processing factual information elicits stronger brain activity compared to uncertain information in narratives. The brain adds new information to a model of the developing situation, with stronger activity in frontal medial areas for updating one's own beliefs.
Researchers found that simple warning labels on sugary drinks in a college cafeteria helped students cut back consumption by 14.5%. The study suggests that such labels could reduce sugar consumption in larger settings.
A new study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison analyzed Texas arrest data and found that undocumented immigrants were significantly less likely to be arrested for various felony offenses compared to U.S. citizens. The researchers believe that first-generation immigrants, including undocumented immigrants, tend to have lower crime...
A randomized trial found that higher doses of vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce the risk of falls in older adults with elevated fall risk and low vitamin D levels. In contrast, some analyses suggested that higher doses may increase the risk of serious falls and hospitalization.
A study published in Health Affairs found that reprocessing single-use medical devices can significantly reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions in healthcare systems. By adopting a circular economy approach, hospitals can minimize their environmental impact and reduce costs.
Researchers developed a new analysis tool called TRAST to predict whirl flutter behavior in tiltrotors. The team will test the TiltRotor Aeroelastic Stability Testbed in a massive wind tunnel to gauge its effectiveness in predicting stability models.
Researchers have discovered that isatuximab, a monoclonal antibody approved for multiple myeloma, can effectively treat relapsed refractory AL amyloidosis. The study showed an overall response rate of 77% among patients who received the treatment.
A study by UTHealth found that nearly 2,000 US adults experienced a 20% increase in binge drinking during the pandemic. Those with depression and spending more time at home were more likely to exhibit harmful alcohol consumption.
Research at University of Fukui shows that epigenetic modifications to the oxytocin gene are correlated with maternal empathy and personal distress. The study found a positive correlation between oxytocin gene methylation and harsh parenting.
Researchers found that cycad trees exhibit sex differences in growth rate and that garden-grown plants grow faster than those in natural habitats. The study's findings inform conservation decisions for threatened species like Cycas micronesica, which faces significant losses due to invasive insect herbivores.
Researchers found that selective pruning of key brain connections in the developing mouse visual cortex clears a path for certain pyramidal neurons to be more active. This process allows for faster communication between the two visual hemispheres, enabling binocular vision and depth perception.
New research suggests that testing for tumor DNA in DLBCL patients' stem cells or blood can help predict relapse risk. Patients with positive results may benefit from alternative treatments like CAR T cell therapy and prompt interventions to prevent relapse.
Researchers developed a new test that measures patients' immune response for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis. The test detects distinctive patterns of gene expression in infected individuals, which may help identify false negatives and false positives.
Females who participated in competitive sport during adolescence had better fitness at midlife, with higher lean mass and bone density. A later age of menarche was associated with lower bone density, regardless of physical activity levels.
A team of researchers developed a paper-based electrochemical sensor that can detect COVID-19 genetic material in under 5 minutes. The sensor uses graphene-based probes to target specific regions of the virus's RNA, providing reliable and sensitive results.
Several post-2020 biodiversity targets are at risk due to climate change, even if habitat exploitation is removed; flexible approaches could help mitigate effects on habitats and species. Climate change imperils international organizations' biodiversity goals, necessitating dynamic responses.
A study by MIT researchers suggests that industrial parks in China with strong political connections underperform their counterparts, leading to a 5.2% decrease in GDP per capita. The research found that about a quarter of provincial-level party secretaries have ties to city-level party secretaries, influencing economic decisions.
Researchers have developed a sensitive testing system that can detect resistance in bacteria using tiny cantilevers. This method allows for the detection of not only entire resistance genes but also individual point mutations within minutes, paving the way for faster diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Researchers found that damping-like torque, previously thought to be small, can dominate spin reorientation in antiferromagnetic materials. This discovery could lead to efficient spin manipulation and ultrafast switching in spintronics devices.
A chimeric hemagglutinin (HA)-based vaccine targets the proximal part of the HA protein, neutralizing diverse influenza virus strains. The vaccine has produced strong and durable results in early-stage clinical trials, eliminating the need for revaccination.
Crime rates among undocumented immigrants in Texas are significantly lower than those of legal immigrants and native-born U.S. citizens, according to a study analyzing arrest data between 2012 and 2018. The findings suggest that removal of undocumented immigrants may not lead to increased crime rates.
A study by researchers at Yokohama National University found that color appearance discrepancies between display and surface colors are caused by differences in spectral distributions, not device limitations. When participants viewed colors with identical spectral distributions, they could match colors more than 90% of the time.
Researchers have revised the record of glacial and warm intervals in southern Finland, pushing back the timeline by 200,000 years. This discovery provides new insights into the paleogeography, vegetation, and climate of Fennoscandia during different interglacials.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that a high density of chandelier cells in the visual cortex impairs depth perception. The study, published in Neuron, suggests that pruning these cells is essential for efficient communication between the two visual hemispheres.
Scientists create peptide-oligourea hybrids that mimic natural peptide structures, enhancing drug efficiency and stability. The hybrids exhibit high binding affinities and resist proteolytic degradation.
A comprehensive review of biosynthesis methods for diverse inorganic nanomaterials produced under mild conditions by microorganisms and bacteriophages, highlights strategies for improving producibility and crystallinity.