A study led by Massachusetts General Hospital found that early treatment with lorlatinib improved survival rates and reduced the risk of brain metastasis in ALK-positive lung cancer patients. Lorlatinib was shown to be effective as a first-line therapy, reducing the risk of cancer progression or death by 72%.
The study found that cities in the South and Midwest had less decline in public transit demand due to essential workers who couldn't work from home. Key factors included occupation, with physical jobs leading to higher transit use among Hispanic communities.
Researchers found that parental exposure to predators affects offspring behavior differently based on sex, with paternal exposure impacting sons more and maternal exposure impacting daughters. This study provides new insights into the role of sexual lineage in transgenerational plasticity.
A research team from the University of Basel investigated the explosive speciation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika, discovering three discrete pulse-like stages of rapid morphological evolution. The study also revealed that the most species-rich lineages contain genetically diverse species.
A new USC study reveals that AI models lack common sense to generate plausible sentences, despite advances in natural language processing. The research challenges the effectiveness of current benchmark tests and finds that even the strongest models can make silly mistakes.
A new report reveals that using materials more efficiently can reduce GHG emissions from residential buildings and passenger vehicles by an average of 40% in seven major developed countries and 70% in China and India. Strategies include ride-sharing, building smaller homes, and recycling materials.
Researchers found that particulate matter's oxidative potential, not just its amount, is the main health risk. The study suggests urban areas have higher oxidative potential and more harmful effects on health than rural areas.
New data from the CASCADE FH Registry highlights gaps in care for children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Children are typically diagnosed at age 9, seven years after cholesterol screening guidelines recommend it. Early treatment intervention can prevent cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified a group of gut microbes and a specific molecule that modulate immune responses to viral infections. The study found that these microbes, particularly Bacteroides fragilis, trigger the release of interferon-beta, which confers antiviral protection.
A new analysis by MIT researchers details the underlying issues causing cost overruns on US nuclear power plants, highlighting ways to reimagine engineering strategies to reduce delays and expenses. The study suggests that designing plants with resilience to variable construction conditions can help minimize costs.
A study found that COVID-19 can lead to rare but potentially devastating neurological complications, including strokes, brain bleeds, and blocked blood vessels. Patients with pre-existing high blood pressure and/or type 2 diabetes were at higher risk for these complications.
Researchers created a holistic representation of rare disease data including previously ignored information. The tool provides access to new patient interaction data, improving understanding and treatment options.
Researchers at Harvard University have captured high-resolution 3D images of human chromosomes, providing evidence to change the traditional X-like symbol used in textbooks. The images show that chromosome structure plays a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and cell division.
A Danish trial found that wearing masks outside the home weakly supports lesser degrees of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but cannot definitively exclude no effect. The study showed similar infection rates between mask and control groups despite public health measures in place.
Research from USC's Keck School of Medicine found that financially exploited seniors show distinct brain activity patterns compared to those who have not been victimized. The study also linked hearing and vision problems to increased frailty in older adults who experienced financial exploitation.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a CRISPR-Cas9 system that specifically targets cancer cells, destroying them by genetic manipulation. The system improved the average life expectancy of mice with glioblastoma tumors by 30% and increased overall survival rate in metastatic ovarian cancer mice model by 80%.
A 330-year-old poplar tree has been found to accumulate epigenetic marks that reveal its age, providing a natural epimutation accumulation system. The study's findings suggest that the rate of somatic epimutations is approximately 10,000 times higher than genetic mutations in the same tree.
The project will populate a database of bioreactor and saturated buffer designs, trial novel modifications to improve efficiency, and install monitoring systems for real-time water quality detection. The goal is to increase adoption and effectiveness of these low-cost solutions in the Midwest.
A new study found that city-dwelling tree swallows bred more successfully due to warmer temperatures, but their blood contained higher levels of mercury from contaminated insects. Urbanization's impact on wildlife health is a growing concern as the climate continues to warm and land use changes threaten biodiversity.
Researchers have developed a more sensitive way to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, which could help doctors find and treat metastases earlier. Using fluorescence spectrometry, as few as nine breast cancer cells can be detected in 200 μL of buffer solution.
Researchers at San Diego State University have uncovered a crucial clue to the mystery of TB's rapid resistance to antibiotics. They found that the pathogen uses an epigenetic domain to diversify and create multiple subpopulations with varying phenotypes, leading to drug resistance.
Researchers discovered a unique RNA polymerase in crAss-like phages that helps transcribe its genes. The enzyme was found to be inactive in standard tests but active when exposed to specific conditions, revealing new insights into the mechanism of viral infections.
Scientists have discovered how a common virus infects and takes over bacterial cells, enabling targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome. The crAssphage virus uses its own enzyme to produce RNA copies of its genes, similar to human enzymes involved in RNA interference.
Hearing loss experts advocate for FDA regulation of over-the-counter hearing aids, citing barriers to access and the need for evidence-based products. The authors recommend premarket testing and clearer distinctions between hearing aids and wearable sound amplification products.
Researchers discover endogenous viral elements from giant viruses are common in chlorophyte green algae, suggesting a potential beneficial relationship between hosts and their viruses. The findings challenge current understanding of host-virus interactions and may shed light on the early evolution of plants.
Researchers developed an antibiotic resistance surveillance approach by applying DNA sequencing techniques to detect the spread of disease in watersheds impacted by large-scale storms. Baseline levels of antibiotic resistance genes in Puerto Rican watersheds prior to Hurricane Maria are unknown, but the study identified single gene tar...
The Blue Ring Nebula, a cloud of gas in space, is likely composed of debris from two stars that collided and merged into one. A new study using cutting-edge models applied to collected data reveals the nebula's age and nature.
A genetic study of the live polio vaccine has identified critical mutations that allow the virus to evolve into a more virulent form, posing a risk to eradication efforts. However, the study also found that these changes are not easily transmitted from person to person.
Researchers found a significant increase in online search queries for 'insomnia' between April and May 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. This surge was associated with higher rates of insomnia symptoms, particularly during prime sleeping hours.
A 10,000-year record of alpine glacier fluctuations reveals that some Rocky Mountain glaciers persisted as smaller glaciers covered in debris or rocks during periods of early Holocene warming. This challenges the long-held idea that all glaciers completely disappeared during these warm conditions.
A new study found a correlation between RNA-binding protein clumping and protein aggregates in the hearts of patients with RBM20 dilated cardiomyopathy. This discovery suggests that RBM20 is an RNA-binding protein granule disease similar to Lou Gehrig's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
A Stanford University study uses Zillow and census data to identify residential water use patterns and trends in different community groupings. The research found that income levels do not always correlate with water usage, and that changing community development can impact water consumption patterns.
A CSU team, led by Professor Stephanie Kampf, is studying the effects of the Cameron Peak Fire on waterways and snowpack in Colorado. The research aims to collect critical data on how the fire impacts snow processes, flow paths, and sediment movement.
A recent review of published studies found that male behavior causing harm to females during mating is a common issue in several mammalian orders. The most common response from females was grouping around a dominant male, suggesting that sexual aggression may not be as widespread as previously thought.
Researchers developed a high-throughput approach to analyze interactions between materials and viruslike particles, identifying competitive adsorbents of Lassa and Rubella viruses. The study aims to expand to SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate viral infectious lifetime on the materials.
A new study suggests that reducing aerosol pollution without also cutting carbon dioxide emissions could weaken the ocean's ability to keep the planet cool. This could lead to a shift in the region where most of the ocean is taking up heat, potentially destabilizing the climate.
Researchers at CeMM have developed a scalable method to study hundreds of proteins in parallel, enabling the observation of changes in protein levels and localization in real-time. This approach has potential applications in discovering new drug treatments and understanding proteome dynamics.
A new theory suggests that societies can only be either cohesive or fragmented, with the number of social contacts being the tipping point. As people seek to minimize social stress, they increasingly avoid disagreements and form filter bubbles, leading to a breakdown in constructive communication and potentially threatening democracy.
A team of researchers from Penn State describes a system where oil droplets exhibit 'non-reciprocal' interactions, chasing down other droplets that flee like prey. The system is controlled by chemical signaling and can be tuned to understand interactions in many-body systems.
Researchers from TUM and RUB have developed flexible MOFs by adding carbon arms to the organic connecting pieces, allowing them to maintain their shape under pressure. The material's behavior is driven by configurational entropy, which enables it to transform between open-pored and closed-pore structures.
A new study from UCLA researchers found that smoking cigarettes causes more severe COVID-19 infection in the airways by blocking immune system messenger proteins. The study used a model of airway tissue created from human stem cells to understand how SARS-CoV-2 virus affects smokers.
A recent study by the University of Michigan found that internet censorship is increasing in 103 countries, including Norway, Japan, and India. The Censored Planet tool collected over 21 billion measurements across 20 months in 221 countries, revealing widespread blocking of human rights sites, same-sex dating sites, and news outlets.
A long-term study of over 1,000 people found that childhood lead exposure was associated with structural brain changes and a significant loss of IQ points by age 45. The study revealed subtle but detectable differences in brain structure, including reduced cortical surface area and hippocampal volume.
A team of scientists at Tokyo University of Science has developed a novel synthesis method to create phenazinones, which show high cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new anticancer drugs with minimal side effects.
Finerenone reduced the risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and other negative cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and Type 2 diabetes. The medication also reduced the rate of death, hospitalization for heart failure, and worsening kidney disease among these patients.
Learning a new language alters how the brain divides labor between hemispheres. Comprehension becomes more specialized in one hemisphere, while production remains linked to the left hemisphere.
The EBMT 2021 Scientific Programme features symposia and educational sessions on HSCT and cell therapy. More than 6,000 delegates attend the annual meeting, which continues to evolve with new topics added every year.
The four-year project will map the sources of plastic waste, investigate its effects and generate solutions to reduce waste. Researchers will work with governments, businesses and communities to co-design effective ways to cut plastic pollution.
A remote disease management program improved clinical outcomes for 3,939 patients with uncontrolled LDL cholesterol and 1,437 patients with high blood pressure. The program achieved significant reductions in LDL cholesterol (42%) and blood pressure levels (14/6mmHg) in participants.
A new study reveals that individual fish caught, released and recaught are more likely to be caught again than anticipated. The findings raise questions for policy makers tasked with preserving sustainable fisheries.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering developed an AI tool that analyzes movie scripts to predict violent, substance-abuse, and sexual content. The tool classifies sentences and phrases into three categories, providing instant feedback for filmmakers to design a desired rating.
Researchers found that e-cigarette users exhibited significantly altered immune responses to a model of influenza virus infection, suggesting increased susceptibility to disease. The study also found that vaping changes the expression of genes and production of proteins in respiratory cells.
Researchers successfully produce two types of diamonds, including Lonsdaleite and regular diamond, at room temperature by applying high pressures and 'shear' forces. The discovery paves the way for new uses of this rare and super-hard material.
A new study from UT Southwestern finds that being overweight or obese, even in younger patients under age 50, increases the risk of severe COVID-19 complications. The study analyzed data from over 7,600 patients and found that those with severe obesity had a 36% greater risk of dying compared to normal weight individuals.
A study found that Black and Hispanic patients made up 53% of inpatient deaths from COVID-19, despite being underrepresented in the general population. The researchers attributed this disparity to a higher rate of hospitalization among these groups, rather than racial or ethnic differences in mortality rates.
A study by the University of Seville found that an acebuchin oil-enriched diet significantly reduces blood pressure and ocular oxidative stress associated with hypertension. The diet also prevents changes in the retina's morphology, a common outcome of hypertension.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have developed a new protein imaging method that allows for the accurate analysis of biomaterials and tissue. This breakthrough technology has the potential to lead to the development of more effective drug delivery systems and medical devices.
A recent analysis found limited research evaluating depression screening tools in patients with kidney failure. The most extensively studied tool was the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), but many studies were small and had shortcomings.
A recent study published in PeerJ has shown that upper room UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) can kill SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, reducing the risk of airborne transmission. The technology uses UVC light to create an irradiation field above occupants' heads, disinfecting air while keeping people safe.
A new study from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found a significant increase in excess deaths among men between 15 and 59 years of age, and women between 25 and 44. However, females between 5 and 14 saw a decrease in deaths, suggesting a potential protective effect of the shutdowns on young girls.