A recent synthesis study has found that phytoplankton can bloom under Arctic sea ice, contrary to long-held assumptions. This discovery suggests that phytoplankton production in some regions of the Arctic Ocean may be an order of magnitude greater than previously predicted.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered that chromatin remodeling machines have a motor-like component that drives the machine along DNA, disrupting nucleosome beads. The team found cancer-causing mutations in an area of the hub regulating motor activity, leading to improper gene expression and cancer.
A study analyzing peat layers in Pawski Lug, Poland found that the transition from tribal to feudal living had a significant impact on the local ecosystem. The shift from small-scale forest burning to large-scale deforestation led to changes in plant composition and groundwater levels.
A new NYUAD study found that opposite-gender mentorships increase the impact of female scientists' research, while same-gender mentorships can reduce it. The study examined thousands of mentor-protégé relationships and found a significant association between increasing female mentors and reducing their protégés' post-mentorship impact.
A feasibility study led by Sage Bionetworks is developing a global mental health program that empowers youth to guide data collection, sharing, and usage. The project leverages mobile phones and connected technologies to collect data on youth's lived experience with mental health self-management.
A magnetic spray can be used to turn objects into millirobots that can crawl, walk, or roll on different surfaces. The coated objects are biocompatible and can be disintegrated into powders when needed, demonstrating potential for biomedical applications like catheter navigation and drug delivery.
Researchers developed a groundbreaking model that defines new geographical scales from mobile tracking data, bringing geography back to understanding of mobility. The model identifies typical distances and choices corresponding to geographical boundaries, varying by individual characteristics.
Researchers have discovered that an experimental Alzheimer's disease treatment, PBT2, is effective at disrupting and killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study shows that combining PBT2 with the antibiotic polymyxin successfully tackles superbugs like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A new University of Colorado Boulder research suggests that parental restrictions on technology use have little impact on technology use in young adulthood. Despite concerns about widespread 'tech addiction,' the study found no strong relationship between early technology use and later technology use.
Researchers discovered a potential strategy to prevent life-threatening inflammation, lung damage, and organ failure in patients with COVID-19. They identified specific cytokines that trigger inflammatory cell death pathways, leading to tissue damage and multi-organ failure. Treatment using existing drugs targeting these cytokines show...
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a machine learning model that can predict reaction outcomes and test new reactions in a blind prospective manner. The model uses statistical robust machine learning models trained on a small number of reactions to provide interpretable chemical reactivity flowcharts.
A team of researchers has created the first full-size 3D bioprinted human heart model using their FRESH technique, mimicking the elasticity of cardiac tissue. The model can be manipulated like real tissue, enabling surgeons to practice and improve their skills before actual surgery.
The American Educational Research Association (AERA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) will hold an interactive policy forum on 'Measuring Teaching at a Global Scale--Policy Perspectives on the Findings from the Global Teaching InSights Video Study'. The event will explore findings on classroom manag...
Researchers found evidence of five drought events impacting Ancestral Puebloan society from centuries-old charcoal and ash deposits in a lava tube. The discovery sheds light on human-environment interactions during climate change, highlighting the ingenuity of Ancestral Puebloans in accessing water resources.
A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that high-protein total diet replacements led to higher energy expenditure, increased fat oxidation, and negative fat balance compared to a typical North American diet. This suggests that these diets may be a promising nutritional strategy for weight management.
Researchers found a positive association between the percent of Black residents and COVID-19 cases and deaths, as well as explicit and implicit racial attitudes. The study suggests that implicit racial attitudes in communities can help explain racial disparities in COVID-19 rates.
Researchers found that oysters and champagne complement each other through umami synergy, which is enhanced by glutamate and nucleotides. This discovery could help increase vegetable consumption by making vegetables taste more appealing with their own umami flavor.
Researchers created tiny building blocks called voxels that exhibit special properties and can be assembled into large, complex objects. Examples include cars, robots, and wind turbine blades that respond to environmental stimuli in predictable ways.
A new study found that people who spent more time on their phones were more likely to reject larger, delayed rewards in favor of smaller, immediate rewards. This suggests a link between smartphone use and impulsive decision-making.
Physicists from the University of Göttingen used computer simulations to investigate aging in living glassy systems, finding that persistent particle activity drives aging. This discovery has potential consequences for biological processes such as wound-healing and cancer metastasis.
Research led by KAUST scientists Evgeniya Predybaylo and Georgiy Stenchikov found that volcanic eruptions have a stronger effect on the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in summer. The study, which analyzed over 6,000 climate simulations, shows that seasonal timing of eruptions matters for predicting climate responses.
A study of women aged 80 found a significant association between air pollution exposure and increased depressive symptoms. Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide or fine particulate air pollution was linked to small but notable effects on depressive symptoms.
Researchers found that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and surface protein markers PD-1 and PD-L1 can help guide immunotherapy treatment for cutaneous angiosarcomas. The study suggests that combining immunotherapies with conventional chemotherapy may be effective in treating this rare skin cancer.
Researchers propose using drones to detect and prevent attacks on 5G networks, mitigating eavesdropping, interference and identity theft. The study explores the potential of UAVs to improve network security through jamming, spoofing detection and mitigation.
A McGill University-led team found that extreme population declines among a small number of vertebrate species drive the apparent global decline. Removing these outliers reveals a more hopeful picture of global biodiversity. The study provides reason for hope in conservation efforts.
A new microscopy technique, SPOT, allows for the simultaneous observation of multiple organelles and their complex lipid dynamics. This breakthrough enables researchers to study organelle interactions, diagnose diseases, and monitor progression with unprecedented precision.
Researchers found higher abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes downstream of wastewater treatment plants, linked to human contamination. The study provides insights into the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in waterways after natural disasters.
Researchers developed a new electronic chip that brings together imaging, processing, machine learning, and memory in one device powered by light. The prototype achieves brain-like functionality and can be used to enable smarter and smaller autonomous technologies like drones and robotics.
A new soybean line has been developed with reduced allergic sensitivity, which can be tested on pigs to ensure safety for consumers and animals. Eliot Herman's research focuses on eliminating the allergenic protein in soybeans, aiming to improve lives and reduce medical expenditure.
Researchers have developed a single-cell technique to assess the effects of age on egg cells in mice, identifying genomic and epigenetic factors that affect reproductive competence. The study provides new insights into mechanisms underlying egg quality and could lead to techniques to assess human egg cell quality.
Researchers at UT have successfully created a novel superconductor using tin on a silicon semiconductor platform, marking the first intentional creation of an atomically thin superconductor. This breakthrough may lead to unforeseen advancements in technology and opens up new possibilities for electronic devices.
A new mattress flammability standard has been shown to prevent 65 deaths annually from bed fires. The standard, established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), requires mattresses to maintain a heat release rate under 200 kW after being ignited.
A genetic mutation in the Gga3 gene may be more common among African Americans with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, leading to a 'traffic jam' of enzymes in axons. This discovery provides a possible strategy for early diagnosis and targeted treatments, as well as potential biomarkers for detection.
A machine learning framework developed by University of Alberta researcher Kai On Wong fills a gap in Canadian public health data by predicting ethnicity from names and locations. The tool has shown improved accuracy for Aboriginal classification when geographic information is included.
Researchers at UTIA will evaluate regional biomass supply chains for domestic fuel production and rural economic development. The project aims to increase economic efficiency, enhance sustainability awareness, and reduce renewable fuel costs.
A recent study by City, University of London researchers reveals how micro-structured finlets on owl feathers enable silent flight and may hold the key to reducing aircraft noise. The team's findings show that these structures work as arrays of finlets, turning the flow direction near the aerodynamic wall and keeping it stable.
Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to develop atherosclerosis when exposed to certain bacteria causing periodontal disease. Studies suggest that immune responses to these bacteria may play a role in the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Research fatigue in marginalized communities is a systemic issue that requires systematic responses, as noted by Florence Ashley. The article emphasizes the need for researchers to ensure studies are responsive to the community's needs and tailored to minimize fatigue.
Scientists at the University of Groningen elucidated the structure of OpuA, a transport protein that imports glycine betaine to counteract dehydration. The protein's unique structure and mechanism allow it to regulate cell pressure and prevent cells from exploding under osmotic stress.
Researchers found that CRYM protein binds to hormone T3 and blocks cell membrane formation, inhibiting tumour growth. Lower CRYM levels are associated with poor prognosis.
Researchers applied proteogenomics to identify precise diagnostics for known treatment targets, new tumor susceptibilities, and mechanisms involved in breast cancer treatment resistance. The study provides insights into the metabolic vulnerabilities of ER+ and ER- breast cancers and suggests potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Boston University used optogenetics to study the effects of alcohol on brain function and behavior. They found that artificially dampening fear responses in mice could mitigate addiction-related behaviors. This suggests that memory manipulation may be a promising approach to treating alcohol addiction.
Researchers at UTHSC identified three drugs with antiviral properties that may improve efficacy when combined with remdesivir. The study proposes zuclopenthixol, nebivolol, and amodiaquine as potential candidates for clinical trials to combat COVID-19.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have sequenced the male-determining chromosome of cattle, revealing evidence of a 'selfish' competition between sex chromosomes. The study found that bulls' Y chromosomes have evolved dozens of copies of genes to make more males, a move countered by females' X chromosomes.
The team observed the nebula with two different spectrographs on large telescopes, finding that the central star is inflated and signatures of accretion are present. The data suggest a merging binary star system, offering a clear view of the central stellar remnant.
Researchers used CT scanning and 3D printing to study a 370-million-year-old chondrichthyan from Morocco. They discovered that the ancient shark's lower jaw was not fused in the middle, allowing it to rotate outwards when opening its mouth, bringing larger teeth into an upright position.
A 2019 study found a contagion effect among boys, but an Annenberg Public Policy Center reanalysis concluded that the series had no clear effect on teen suicide. Recent commentaries challenge the reanalysis and defend it.
A new study from 23 Utah-based researchers estimates that air pollution shortens the average Utahn's life by 2 years and costs the economy around $1.9 billion annually. The study also found that many state-level actions could reduce air pollution by double-digit percentages while benefiting the economy.
A study found that surgeons' expectations were more accurate than patients' expectations in predicting patient-reported outcomes two years after lumbar spine surgery. Surgeons predicted a higher degree of improvement, while patients had higher expectations for complete recovery.
The Endocrine Society's virtual annual meeting, ENDO 2021, offers journalists the opportunity to discuss groundbreaking research with world-renowned experts in diverse fields. The event features over 70 live sessions, 20 oral sessions, and six plenaries, covering topics such as diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, and more.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a highly effective method for converting ammonia into hydrogen using renewable electricity. The new technique generates pure hydrogen that can be directly pressurized for storage, making it an ideal solution for the transportation sector.
Researchers have discovered that coinfection with cytomegalovirus and Aspergillus fumigatus triggers synergistic interactions between the two pathogens and human cells, leading to increased risk of complications.
A UTSA researcher studied drug overdose mortality among US Hispanics from 2000-2017, finding lower rates overall but higher rates for people of Puerto Rican heritage born in Puerto Rico. The study emphasizes the need for culturally-tailored services in Spanish to address these groups' needs.
A new study published in PLOS ONE describes the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to objectively detect tinnitus. The technology revealed differences in brain connectivity between people with and without tinnitus, and accurately differentiated patients with mild from moderate/severe cases using machine learning.
A study using spectroscopic imaging found COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms exhibit similar metabolic disturbances in the brain as those with hypoxia from other causes. However, there are also distinct differences, including elevated metabolites such as lactate and myo-inositol.
A study of 3,000 adults in Tokyo found that frequent greenspace use and green views from home increased self-esteem, life satisfaction, and happiness while reducing depression and loneliness. Nearby nature serves as a buffer against the adverse impacts of stressful events on humans.
Research from the University of Eastern Finland explores the role of diabetes in cellular and molecular changes underlying Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes was found to weaken the accumulation of microglial cells around amyloid plaques and increase the formation of neuritic plaques with prominent tau pathology.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a new coating material for semiconductors that can produce fuels more sustainably using sunlight and electricity. The study shows that the coating reduces the voltage needed in the process, making it more energy-efficient.
Researchers have discovered that Netrin-G1 helps pancreatic cancer cells survive by protecting them from the immune system and supplying them with nutrients. The study found that an antibody targeting Netrin-G1 was able to stunt tumor development in mice, demonstrating its potential as a new treatment.
Researchers at UIC are studying the burden of tobacco use and developing a smoking cessation program for high-risk populations. The project, Mi Quit CARE, uses patient portals like MyChart to deliver interventions and aims to increase quit rates among low-income communities.