Scientists at Gladstone Institutes developed a new class of antiviral therapy that can track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, reducing the chance of reduced efficacy against new variants. The single-dose intranasal treatment showed significant reduction in viral load and prevented disease in animals.
The excessive use of road salts in winter is contaminating drinking water sources and mobilizing harmful chemicals, according to a new UToledo study. The research suggests that reducing salt application can help mitigate negative environmental impacts, while also protecting human health.
A study of Edo-era Japanese skeletons reveals a prevalence of periodontal disease similar to modern times, with distinct bacterial species. Researchers analyzed dental calculus from 12 human skeletons and compared their oral microbiomes to modern samples, shedding light on the evolution of the oral microbiome.
A Washington State University research team used advanced radiocarbon dating to determine the age of ancient stone monoliths in southern Ethiopia's Gedeo zone. The findings push back the construction date by a millennium, shedding light on the region's culture and trade networks.
A new study by researchers at USC, UT Austin, and ASU found that virtual conferences increase diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. Virtual events can reach the scientific community and improve inclusion and diversity in science and engineering.
Prof. Dr. Moritz Schularick has been awarded the prestigious Leibniz Prize for his groundbreaking research on financial crises, economic history, and inequality. His work has shed new light on the causes of financial instability and social inequality, making him a leading expert in his field.
A study on a beetle species reveals how two distinct cell types form a specialized gland for making and secreting defensive compounds. The findings suggest that the gland's evolution was driven by coevolution between the cell types, leading to the creation of a functional secretion with adaptive value.
Research reveals tamoxifen boosts PI3K signaling, potentially increasing uterine cancer risk in breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies show PI3K inhibitor alpelisib mitigates this effect.
A novel mRNA-based HIV vaccine has been shown to be safe and elicit desired immune responses in mice and non-human primates. The vaccine prompted a 79% lower per-exposure risk of infection by simian-human immunodeficiency virus compared to unvaccinated animals.
A new study found that childhood trauma is a significant risk factor for prescription opioid misuse among young adults. Participants who reported four or more adverse childhood experiences were nearly three times more likely to be at risk for opioid misuse, with a 13% higher likelihood compared to those with zero to three ACEs.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Quantum Testbed demonstrated a method to reduce error rates in quantum algorithms, leading to more accurate and stable computations. The technique, known as randomized compiling, can suppress one of the most severe types of errors: coherent errors.
A team from the University of Washington has developed a non-destructive 3D imaging method that can help doctors more accurately diagnose borderline cases of prostate cancer. The new approach uses 3D images to identify complex features in tissue samples, which can increase the likelihood of correctly predicting a cancer's aggressiveness.
A new study found a direct link between COVID-19-related personal protective equipment and face mask litter, with an exponential increase from March to October 2020. Researchers urge governments to implement policies for the disposal of littered face masks.
Researchers at the DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory discovered a process in plasma swirling around black holes that causes previously unexplained emissions of light and heat. The process, known as magnetic reconnection, also jettisons huge plumes of plasma billions of miles in length.
Washington University researchers have designed a new processing-in-memory (PIM) circuit that can increase PIM computing's performance by orders of magnitude. The circuit uses resistive random-access memory PIM, allowing for analog computations and eliminating the need for digital conversions.
A new species of opossum, Marmosa adleri, was discovered in a tropical forest in Panama and named after UW Oshkosh biologist Greg Adler. The novel species has distinctive characteristics, including a very long tail, and is considered one of the smallest measured of its subgenus.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin suggests that extinct dinosaurs expressed bright colors on their beaks, legs, and around their eyes. The researchers analyzed data from living bird species and found a 50% chance that the common ancestor of birds and extinct dinosaurs had bright colors in its soft tissues.
The Safe Childbirth Checklist, adapted for local needs, increased communication of danger signs, improved baby feeding practices, and reduced stillbirth rates in Indonesian health facilities. The study suggests that long-term adherence to the tool requires continued support for midwives.
The study found that climate change impacts are apparent in nearly all aspects of climate variability, including temperature extremes, precipitation patterns, and ecosystem changes. These changes have important implications for sustainable resource management and future adaptation strategies.
A team of researchers at Imperial College London has generated and observed non-Gaussian states of high-frequency sound waves comprising over a trillion atoms. This breakthrough makes important strides towards generating macroscopic quantum states that will enable future quantum internet components to be developed.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine of USC have developed a stem cell-based bio-implant to repair cartilage and delay joint degeneration. The Plurocart implant successfully integrates into damaged articular cartilage tissue and survives for up to six months.
A bile acid derivative, TUDCA, reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in mice with an Alzheimer's-like disorder. The treatment improved quality of life by mitigating metabolic abnormalities associated with the disease.
A study led by LSU Health found how late-onset retinal degeneration develops and identified a surprising potential therapeutic, metformin. The research suggests that an enzyme called AMPK activates the protein CTRP5 to regulate fatty acid metabolism and energy stability.
A new research study has provided a better understanding of how cells remove damaged proteins through a process similar to waste collection. The study found that an enzyme called DegP is activated by high temperatures, neutralizing harmful proteins and maintaining cellular health.
Researchers found that standard shopping carts, which activate triceps muscles, may constrain buying and result in missed sales. In contrast, alternative cart designs with parallel handles activate biceps muscles, leading to increased purchasing and spending.
Scientists develop novel trapping method to measure extremely small forces using a hairdryer-balloon setup, detecting femtoNewton-range forces without laser-particle contact. This approach has significant implications for the life sciences and beyond.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identified a group of neurons in the mouse brain that regulates motivation and prevents addiction. Increasing activity of these neurons enhances task performance, but not to the point of addiction.
Researchers at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid have designed a system that uses hydrothermal biomass carbonisation and solar power to extract more energy from biomass. The system reduces the need for drying pre-treatment, making it more sustainable and efficient.
Researchers have mapped the atomic structure of amphotericin B, a powerful but toxic antifungal agent. The detailed structure reveals how the drug kills fungal cells by robbing them of sterol molecules, providing a roadmap for synthesizing less-toxic derivatives.
A large population study from Lund University found that a sustainable diet is associated with lower risks of premature death. The EAT-Lancet diet, which emphasizes whole grains, vegetables, and pulses, was linked to a 25% lower risk of total mortality and specific causes like cardiovascular disease and cancer.
The University of California, Riverside, has been awarded a $980,000 grant from the Department of Energy to develop an AI-driven detector for the future Electron-Ion Collider. The team will use machine learning techniques to optimize detector design and achieve 'co-design,' a new concept in nuclear physics.
Current climate models underestimate species extinction rates by neglecting the complexities of ecosystems. Researchers used piñon pine data to model how climate affects tree populations and distribution, finding indirect effects that cannot be captured by climate-only models.
A team of researchers from the University of Exeter has made a breakthrough in developing all-optical switching of magnetization using transition metals. The new technology enables energy-efficient nanoscale magnetic storage devices with unprecedented tunability and scalability.
New research from UniSA finds that confusion, lack of knowledge and disinterest are hindering businesses' progress in addressing modern slavery. The study provides a framework to help companies improve their approaches, but warns that without effective measures, global efforts to stop modern slavery will be unlikely to succeed.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that over half of US hospitals failed to comply with new pricing disclosure rules, despite 75% compliance in some regions and states. Hospitals' decisions on compliance were linked to peer hospital performance and health IT preparedness.
A team of researchers has discovered a new object orbiting a Sun-like star that was missed by previous searches. The object is estimated to be between 10 and 20 times the mass of Jupiter and is thought to be a large planet or a small brown dwarf.
A study published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research found a significant association between dietary polyphenols from plant-based foods and reduced cognitive impairment risk. The research analyzed the metabolism of dietary components, intestinal microbiota, and endogenous metabolism in relation to cognitive decline.
Astronomers observed a young, sun-like star ejecting a massive burst of energy and charged particles, potentially bad news for satellites and power grids. The study suggests that similar events could have shaped planets like Earth and Mars over billions of years.
Researchers have found that people with genetic risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have thinner retinas and photoreceptors, even if they haven't yet lost their sight. This early detection could lead to earlier treatment and lifestyle changes to prevent vision loss.
Researchers have developed a new method for 3D imaging without distal optics, enabling high-resolution endomicroscopy with diameters below 0.5 millimeters. The approach uses diffractive optical elements to compensate phase distortions in fiber bundles, allowing for robust and low-cost medical imaging.
A new smartphone application, iCanQuit, has been shown to be more effective in helping Black US adults quit smoking and remain abstinent. The app uses acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to help users manage cravings and stay motivated.
A new study ranks live oaks and American sycamores as champions among 17 "super trees" that can mitigate air pollution and climate change in urban areas. The research provides a three-part framework for selecting suitable trees, identifying high-impact planting sites, and engaging with community leadership to make the project a reality.
Researchers identified three prototypical RNA-expression states in pancreatic cancer cells and found that altering the tumor microenvironment can drive tumor cells to become more susceptible to certain drugs. This discovery opens up new possibilities for personalized medicine and targeting specific drug responses.
Children with autism benefit from group-based weight management and family-centered nutrition education, which improves eating habits and exercise motivation. The program's success rate is higher among families who complete the entire program, indicating its potential as an adjunct or alternative to traditional interventions.
A new study suggests that strictly limiting exposure to dissimilar views could be an effective mechanism for avoiding rapid polarization. Another interesting finding is that a small amount of self-interest can dramatically reduce polarization.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a novel way to classify breast cancers into 12 distinct biological groups using both genetic and pathologic data. This classification method has the potential to aid future research efforts and enable faster translation of molecular findings into clinical use.
Researchers found a rare genetic mutation in Black Americans is associated with an earlier onset of heart failure and a higher risk of hospitalization. The study suggests that early screening for the mutation could lead to faster treatment and improved outcomes for this vulnerable group.
People with schizophrenia struggle to regulate their emotions as negative feelings intensify, unlike healthy individuals who employ coping strategies at higher emotional states. Researchers found that those with schizophrenia tend to be less likely to engage in emotion regulation efforts when emotions are extremely high.
A recent study by North Carolina State University suggests that teaching children to understand others' perspectives can make it easier for them to forgive. Children are more likely to forgive someone who has apologized and is part of their in-group. The study also highlights the importance of helping kids develop Theory of Mind skills...
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a free online resource that speeds up data analysis of human genomes three times faster than current methods. This enables scientists to see how an individual's genome makes them susceptible to different diseases in different ways, ultimately reducing associated costs and increas...
Research by Åbo Akademi University found that companies with more women on their boards tend to make fewer high-risk corporate acquisitions and are more willing to write down goodwill for unsuccessful deals. This suggests that female representation can lead to a more conservative approach to risk-taking and improved financial governance.
Research suggests that severe maternal morbidity rates continue well into the late postpartum period, particularly among Black women, those with anxiety and depression. The study found alarming data showing increasing rates of maternal mortality later in the first year postpartum.
Recent breakthroughs settle questions about algorithms on future quantum computers by showing that physical properties allow for faster simulation techniques. Algorithms based on this work will be needed for the first full-scale demonstration of quantum simulations.
Researchers create an artificial intelligence that allows drones to use ocean currents to aid navigation, reducing energy consumption. The AI uses reinforcement learning networks to exploit low-velocity regions in water currents, outperforming even the most efficient swimming strategies found in nature.
A new battery-free wearable device detects nicotine in real-time and sends data wirelessly to smartphones, allowing users to measure their exposure to vaporized nicotine. The device uses a thin film of vanadium dioxide to detect conductivity changes caused by nicotine concentration.
Researchers have proposed a novel bilayer structure composed of NiOx and MoOx films to extract hole carriers from c-Si more efficiently. This structure achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 21.31% in c-Si solar cells.
Scientists have created a new imaging method that can detect microscopic soft tissue damage in animal spines, which may lead to improved treatments for lower back pain. The technique uses fluorescent molecules to target denatured collagen and produce precise 3D maps of spinal damage.
Researchers used wastewater samples from 25 treatment plants across 10 countries to track the popularity of new synthetic drugs. Synthetic cathinones, including eutylone and 3-MMC, were found to have high per capita levels in wastewater, with increased international presence reported between 2020-2021 New Year periods.
Researchers developed a strong UV-visible reporter eYGFPuv that shows no harmful effects on plant biological processes, enabling the monitoring of gene expression and protein localization in diverse organisms. This technique allows for efficient, convenient transformation with real-time visualization in various plant species.
A new study shows that blood from young adult mice that are getting lots of exercise benefits the brains of same-aged, sedentary mice. Transfusions of blood from running mice reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance in sedentary mice.