Recent in situ observations reveal direct conversion of water into hydrogen by atmospheric ions. Lower atmospheric gravity waves play a vital role in driving water transport to space.
Latifa Elouadrhiri received the 2021 Jesse W. Beams Research Award for her fundamental contributions to nuclear science. Her team made a groundbreaking measurement of proton pressure distribution, opening up new directions in particle physics research.
A NIH study has identified a molecular link between a gene mutation and late-onset retinal degeneration, a rare eye disease. The researchers found that the diabetes drug metformin and gene therapy may be effective treatments for the condition, which can cause abnormal blood vessel growth and deposits of apolipoprotein E.
Researchers discovered that the SET2,3 index provides complementary prognostic information about breast cancer outcomes, particularly for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The study suggests that using both clinical and molecular information from a patient's tumor can guide treatment decision-making.
Researchers have successfully degraded synthetic polyisoprene using enzyme LCPK30, a breakthrough that could enable recycling of car tires and production of new plastics. The method involves creating an emulsion with the polymer, allowing the enzyme to break down long molecular chains into smaller fragments.
A new analysis of 70 years of data reveals that tundra fires significantly contribute to the decline of permafrost integrity in Arctic Alaska. The study found that fire was responsible for more than 10% of thermokarst formation, despite only burning 3% of the Arctic landscape.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a flexible and washable battery that can withstand repeated use and laundry cycles. The battery's construction creates an airtight seal and uses safer chemistry, making it suitable for wearable devices worn next to the skin.
Researchers created a 3D imaging system using multimode optic fibers, overcoming limitations of scrambling and enabling high-resolution imaging. The system can scan a scene at nearly 23,000 points per second and record near-real-time 3D video.
The Adult North Star Network's guidelines aim to improve quality of life for adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy by addressing complex medical needs such as cardiac failure, weight loss, and renal dysfunction. The consensus-based recommendations also highlight gaps in current care and call for further research.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a precise microwave source that operates at extremely low temperatures, potentially removing the need for high-frequency control cables. The new device could enable larger quantum processors with more qubits, increasing their potential applications in fields like computing and sensing.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict mosquito breeding ground temperatures, estimating populations and tracking vector-borne diseases. The model revealed that even in winter, certain breeding grounds can support mosquito growth.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a self-detect solution to monitor CRISPR gene editing tools in organisms. The system uses a biosensor guide RNA and reporter protein to trigger the technology's reveal itself, enabling real-time detection of CRISPR activity.
A retrospective analysis of anonymized health claims data reveals that three in four sepsis survivors experience post-sepsis morbidity, with over half of those under 40 developing new diagnoses. Average treatment costs for the first three years after discharge are €29,000.
Researchers are using a multi-disciplinary approach to study the habitability of exoplanets, with Mars serving as a key example. The team is analyzing the atmospheres of different planets and how they might retain them under various conditions.
A supermassive filament eruption has been observed on a Sun-like star, EK Draconis. The filament was large and fast, posing severe impacts on planetary environments. This finding sheds light on the origins of life on Earth and potential life on other planets.
A mini-jet has been found near the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, indicating periodic outbursts. The discovery was made using multi-wavelength observations from various telescopes and suggests that the black hole is not a sleeping monster but rather dynamically variable.
Researchers introduce a new theoretical model that explains how DNA supercoiling drives collective dynamics of RNA polymerases during transcription. The model considers the number of RNAPs and transcription factor binding, revealing two contrasting modes of RNAP group dynamics.
A team of researchers has recorded electrical signals in the human brain associated with ebbs and flows in OCD symptoms over an extended period. The study could lead to an emerging therapy called deep brain stimulation that adjusts to everyday changes in OCD symptoms, potentially providing more relief and fewer side effects for patients.
A new study reveals that natural decadal variability related to the Pacific Ocean played a significant role in modulating the Pacific Walker circulation change. The research found that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) could explain 63% of the observed strengthening trend in the Walker circulation between 1980-2015.
Researchers demonstrate an innovative chemical method to engineer diverse layered hydrogels with wet and slippery properties, suitable for tissue-like models, soft robots, and intelligent devices. The UV-SCIRP method enables the efficient construction of complex hydrogel patterns and non-flat arbitrary-shaped objects.
A large earthquake off the coast of south-central Chile in 1737 may have caused a substantial tsunami that was absent from historical records. Researchers analyzed sediments and found evidence of widespread sandy layers, dating to the same time as the earthquake, similar to deposits made by tsunami waves in other areas.
A recent study has found that Black women are significantly more likely to develop lymphedema following breast cancer treatment compared to white women. The study, which analyzed data from 304 breast cancer patients, also found that Hispanic women had a higher risk of developing the condition.
Yale scientists identified crucial ways immune system cells congregate and communicate to identify tumors, paving the way for new vaccines that could increase survival rates in several forms of cancer. Research found B cells interact with CD4 helper T cells to unleash a robust response by CD8 killer T cells.
The study leverages machine learning to tackle long-unsolvable problems in biological systems at the cellular level. By reducing data points, researchers can better analyze and model the impact of cells with high fidelity.
Scientists found that seven genes associated with bright-light vision are absent in burrowing snakes, demonstrating extensive vision gene loss over millions of years. This challenges the hypothesis that all modern snakes evolved from extreme burrowers, suggesting a different evolutionary path for these subterranean snakes.
A recent study found that patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who experience rising ESR1 mutations before disease progression can benefit from an early switch to fulvestrant plus palbociclib. This approach yields a statistically and clinically significant gain in progression-free survival, potentially justifying its a...
Researchers found that transient depletion of regulatory T cells induces dendritic cell maturation and generates adaptive immune responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 antigens. This discovery may improve current vaccine strategies by eliminating the need for adjuvants.
Researchers at MIT and Google Brain developed a system that predicts how changing materials or designs will improve solar cell performance. The new simulator, called differentiable solar cell simulator, provides information on which changes will provide desired improvements, increasing the rate of discovery of new configurations.
Researchers at WVU are creating control software for aerial robots to survey Venus' atmosphere, helping model the evolution of climate on Earth. The aerobots will use a hybrid airship design and energy-efficient paths to explore the planet's surface.
Researchers developed AI that extracts hidden equations of motion from observational data, creating models faithful to the laws of physics. This enables physics-based investigations and simulations for ecosystem sustainability, among other applications.
Researchers have found consistent patterns in GABAergic neuron development between humans and mice, shedding light on the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia. The study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to create detailed maps of gene expression during human brain development.
Researchers used computational modeling and developmental genetic techniques to study grass leaf formation, finding that current theories are likely incorrect and a 19th-century proposal is closer to the truth. The discovery sheds light on how simple growth rules can generate diverse leaf shapes.
A new analysis of public opinion data found that Americans' attitudes and behaviors have become more liberal overall in the past 50 years, particularly on issues like gay rights and civil liberties. However, views on polarizing issues such as abortion, guns, and taxes remain unchanged.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with chronic exposure to higher particulate matter had increased risks for ICU admission and death. Chronic air pollution exposure was associated with an 11% higher risk of mortality and a 13% higher risk of ICU admission.
Scientists at Nagoya University discovered that Japanese lizard beetle larvae feed on yeast injected by their mothers, but the yeast only consumes simple sugars. The study found that the yeast grows on small molecule monosaccharides and not on complex sugars despite its ability to digest them.
Researchers used DeepMind's platform to develop a new functional 'DM21' that better models chemical reactions by addressing long-standing errors in density functional theory. This breakthrough enables more accurate simulations of matter at the nanoscale, potentially leading to improved material design and discovery.
A University of Toledo study found that 70.8% of K-12 educators surveyed are against allowing teachers to carry guns in schools. Despite proposals to train and arm teachers, the majority of educators strongly disagree with the idea, citing concerns about safety and normalization of school shootings.
A new study from the University of Sheffield found that city centres will lose £3 billion in annual spending as people work from home more frequently, affecting the hospitality and retail industries. The shift towards working from home is expected to be permanent, with significant consequences for businesses in suburban areas.
A groundbreaking study confirms the timing of the Chicxulub asteroid impact, which occurred during the spring-summer growth phase, leading to the extinction of dinosaurs and 75% of life on Earth. The research team used multiple lines of evidence, including fossil pollen, index fossils, and radiometric dating, to pinpoint the exact time...
A new study published in BMJ Health & Care Informatics examines decades of dashboards designed to communicate health data, highlighting the need for user-centered design and effectiveness testing. The research aims to guide the development of dashboard enhancements and customizations that support informed decision-making.
A global community of hackers and threat modellers is needed to stress-test the harm potential of new AI products. Companies can harness techniques like red team hacking, audit trails, and bias bounties to prove their integrity and earn public trust. The industry faces a 'crisis of trust' if it doesn't adopt these measures.
Researchers at the University of Bath have optimised a peptide that prevents alpha-synuclein misfolding, a key feature of Parkinson's disease. The new molecule, 4654W(N6A), has shown significant promise in lab experiments and could lead to the development of a disease-modifying treatment.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems developed an algorithm that analyzes gravitational wave data in seconds, rather than hours or months. The system, called DINGO, uses a deep neural network to infer properties of binary black-hole sources with high accuracy.
A new study reveals widespread prescribing of clarithromycin-based regimens for H. pylori infection, defying increasing resistance and suboptimal eradication rates. Talicia, a rifabutin-based therapy, offers an alternative with higher eradication rates and fewer concerns over resistance.
Researchers at Yale University discovered a key gene that contributes to the development of life-threatening brain aneurysms in adults. The study found that mutations in the PPIL4 gene are significantly more common in individuals with intracranial aneurysms, highlighting a potential new target for diagnosis and treatment.
Research finds virtual conferences lower costs, reduce travel commitments, and eliminate environmental costs associated with in-person events. Virtual attendance increased by up to 253% for women and 344% for students and postdoctoral scholars, making them more inclusive.
Researchers found that defibrotide suppresses neutrophil release of NETs and reduces downstream blood-clotting in mice with antiphospholipid syndrome. The treatment neutralizes toxic histones, preventing activation of blood vessel cells.
A new study from Iowa State University finds that open dialogue and reciprocal information sharing between parents and emerging adults reduces barriers for talking about health, leading to better health outcomes. The researchers identified three significant factors affecting health disclosures: relational quality, reciprocity, and conf...
A recent study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research found that climate change has contributed to a four-fold increase in crop pest and disease occurrence in China since the 1970s. The researchers attributed this rise to warmer night temperatures, which can foster an increased chance for pests and diseases.
Researchers have created the first patient-specific zebrafish model for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a heart disease caused by a genetic mutation. The model recapitulates the human form of ACM, including fat accumulation in the heart and changes in calcium levels, and shows promise for relieving symptoms.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine are studying breast cancer as a series of inflection points to identify potential intervention points and develop therapeutics for triple negative breast cancer. The goal is to create a large repository of organoids from tissue samples to study gene expression, epigenetic changes, and immune response.
Researchers have developed a room-temperature perovskite polariton parametric oscillator, enabling scalable and low-threshold nonlinear devices. This breakthrough offers possibilities for the development of cost-effective and integrated polaritonic devices.
The rooftop PV plus EV system has the potential to supply 54-95% of electricity demand in cities, reducing CO2 emission by 54-95%. Residential districts show rapid economic advantages over commercial ones due to greater rooftop space and vehicle numbers.
Researchers have identified the source of mysterious STEVE light emissions as a narrow region in the magnetosphere, driven by strong waves and particle acceleration. The findings suggest that the ionosphere and magnetosphere may be coupled at lower latitudes, transporting vast quantities of energy and momentum.
A NIH-funded study sheds light on the potential of long-term, at-home deep brain stimulation as a treatment for OCD. Researchers are using brain recordings from patients to identify neural signatures and related behaviors that predict symptom onset.
A new study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes Journal found that increasing the use of generic medications for heart and blood vessel diseases in Medicare Part D could save more than $600 million per year. This would lead to lower out-of-pocket costs for patients and improved adherence rates.
Scientists have successfully created a new state of matter that combines crystalline order with fluidity, similar to traditional materials like copper and aluminum. The discovery uses DNA-based dendritic nanostructures to form cluster crystals with highly mobile particles.
Research published in ATVB Journal Report reveals that exposure to low-levels of toxic metals can increase the risk of plaque buildup in arteries in the neck, heart, and legs. The study focused on subclinical atherosclerosis and examined the impact of metal exposure on various artery regions.
The study analyzed 32 rice cropping systems and found that around two-thirds of them have yields below optimal levels, highlighting opportunities for improvement through better management and breeding programs. Sustainable intensification can help increase crop yields while minimizing environmental impact.
DeepMind's neural network approach accurately describes electron interactions in chemical systems, overcoming long-standing challenges. The company's breakthrough enables researchers to explore material design, medicines, and catalysts at the nanoscale level.