A study by Harvard Medical School found significant racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes during the pandemic. The research revealed that Black, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander patients were more likely to experience severe illness and death compared to White patients.
A field experiment in India found that a one-time capital boost improves the condition of the very poor even a decade later. The study, led by MIT researchers, showed positive effects on consumption, food security, income, and health for seven years after the start of the program and remained intact after 10 years.
A new study finds that controlled burning can stabilize or increase soil carbon, offering a method to maximize carbon storage. By manipulating fires, ecosystems can store huge amounts of carbon when the frequency and intensity are just right. This approach may help maintain natural ecosystem processes.
A new technology developed by Aarhus University researchers uses sustainable biochar-based photocatalytic nanomaterial to break down PFAS into harmless substances. The process is powered by solar energy and produces non-toxic fluorides, CO2, and clean water.
Researchers at Skoltech developed an algorithm that aggregates and maps environmental data to predict and visually map the quality of water, soil, or air. The solution uses interpolation to fill gaps in data and produces detailed maps with high resolution.
Paderborn University to establish a three-node quantum network in real urban environment, utilizing standardized equipment and protocols. The initiative aims to enhance efficiency and stability of quantum communication systems.
Children who require intensive care miss days to weeks of school during hospitalization while parents miss work to be at their side. Even after discharge, the impact on family continues, with two-thirds of children missing school for up to two weeks and half of primary caregivers missing work.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered a link between TET enzyme deficiency and the formation of unusual DNA structures, such as G-quadruplexes and R-loops, which contribute to genomic instability. The study suggests that regulating these structures may be key to controlling cancer development.
A study of 18 Connecticut colleges found that COVID-19 cases were associated with higher social contact and lower testing rates. The authors suggest that colleges should continue testing residential students and implementing mitigation strategies.
Researchers found that the Alpha variant produces a protein to stifle infected cells' immune signals, allowing it to evade detection and accelerate transmission. Similar mutations exist in Omicron, suggesting potential strategies for developing drugs to help the immune system fight SARS-CoV-2.
A high-fiber diet was associated with improved survival and response to immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Dietary fiber intake modulates the gut microbiome, which is critical for therapeutic response in cancer treatment.
Researchers have found COVID-19 infection in white-tailed deer in six northeast Ohio locations, suggesting the virus may be spreading among wildlife. The study's findings indicate that infected deer can potentially harbor new strains of SARS-CoV-2, complicating human mitigation and control plans.
Scientists from University of Cambridge created a new method to stabilize the perovskite material for solar cells, resulting in improved performance and stability. The approach uses an organic molecule as a 'template' to guide the material into its desired phase, achieving a near-perfect bandgap without compromising cost.
Cleveland Clinic researchers have identified the gut microbial gene cluster responsible for converting carnitine into TMAO, which promotes heart disease and stroke. The study found that dietary modifications may help reduce diet- and TMAO-associated cardiovascular disease risk by targeting the gbu gene cluster.
A magnetic field can be used to switch nanolasers on and off, leading to unprecedented robustness in signal processing. The new control mechanism may prove useful in a range of devices that make use of optical signals, particularly in topological photonics.
A study of nearly 8,000 people found incarceration to be linked to a higher mortality rate among Black individuals, whereas non-Black participants did not experience this association. The research suggests that racial disparities may play a role in the relationship between imprisonment and mortality.
Human subsistence strategies may have facilitated social and cultural development by allowing for high-throughput energy acquisition. Humans expend large quantities of energy to acquire energy at exceptionally rapid rates, leaving free time for social and cultural development.
Researchers analyzed thousands of space station photographs to discover that Russian cosmonauts use walls to display religious icons and Soviet heroes, reflecting national identity and cultural heritage. This study has practical applications for long-duration space missions, where understanding human identity and society is crucial.
A program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine increased buprenorphine treatment rates in emergency departments by sixfold, from 3% to 23%, and sustained the changes. The program used behavioral design tactics and automated connections to peer recovery specialists to overcome barriers to treatment.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed a graphene sensor that detects electric fields with improved efficiency and reduced size. The mechanism involves the transfer of charges between graphene and traps, allowing for the detection of field polarity and magnitude.
A study found that children's books often feature gendered language, with female protagonists associated with affection and school, while male protagonists are linked to professions and tools. This can lead to children learning about their own gender biases before others.
A new collection of papers investigates recent advancements in quantum chromodynamics, highlighting the challenges posed by divergent perturbation expansions and renormalon behavior. Experts tackle these problems from diverse angles, aiming to improve precision QCD for future accelerator facilities.
The study found that excess deaths occurred at a rate of 5.2 per 1000 residents, representing a 41% increase over typical mortality levels. Excess mortality was substantially higher in older age groups and communities with lower socioeconomic status during the second wave.
Researchers have developed a compact solar-powered battery that can be directly recharged with solar energy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The battery uses a heterostructure electrode made from molybdenum disulphide and oxide, which enhances surface area for efficient absorption of solar energy.
Researchers explored radiation fog formation and dissipation mechanisms, finding it formed at midnight due to cooling and high humidity, dissipating before noon. Fog properties included low droplet numbers, large sizes, and high liquid content.
Recent studies have shown that booster doses can restore vaccination effectiveness to over 90% in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, continued research highlights the importance of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing in reducing COVID-19 cases and limiting variant emergence.
A new study found a 23% decline in serious cognitive impairment among older American women between 2008 and 2017, with men experiencing a 13% decline. The decline was attributed to generational differences in educational attainment, which continues to have long-term benefits on later-life cognitive functioning.
A high-fiber diet has been shown to improve the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy by influencing the gut microbiome. Patients who consumed at least 20 grams of dietary fiber per day lived longer without their cancer progressing, compared to those who consumed less fiber.
Researchers from the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, investigated the fate of volatile biogenic compounds in the atmosphere. They found that plant stress releases chemicals, such as Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs), which can form secondary organic aerosols and impact air quality.
A new study reveals that mRNA vaccines activate a type of helper cell called T follicular helper cells, which assist in creating powerful antibodies and drive the development of immune memory. This strong response helps prevent severe disease and death, even against highly mutated variants like omicron.
A recent study led by Harvard Medical School researchers found significant racial and ethnic disparities in hospital mortality for both COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. Hispanic Medicare patients were more likely to die from COVID-19, while existing pre-pandemic disparities widened during the crisis.
Researchers found three protective cultures effective against Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause life-threatening listeriosis. These cultures disrupt pathogen survival and attachment to cells, making them a promising solution for cheese producers.
The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant adapted to avoid triggering the innate immune response by increasing expression of antagonism proteins, which disable the body's first line of defense. This allows the virus to replicate under the radar in early stages of infection, significantly increasing its chances of infecting a person.
Researchers found that brain activity in children with arthrogryposis is different from healthy controls, with increased motor neuron activity and less precise movements. Non-invasive brain stimulation may be a possible rehabilitation strategy to help them start movements.
A mixed-methods survey found that pain science education helped people recover from chronic pain by understanding it was not tissue damage and that stress and emotion could heighten perceptions. The study also identified seven learning objectives to help teenagers better understand pain, including reframing perceptions of pain as an 'o...
A new study using DNA barcoding methodology has revealed a significant increase in genetic diversity among Iberian spider populations. This discovery highlights the importance of protecting these species due to their high endemic level and reduced distribution, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Unemployment rates for people with disabilities decreased in November, dipping below pre-pandemic levels for the first time. Progress is attributed to rises in employment-to-population ratio and labor force participation rate, with some individuals returning to their previous jobs or starting new ones.
Researchers have found exceptionally large ichthyosaur fossils, suggesting that these ocean giants evolved rapidly over just 1% of their 150-million-year history. The discovery hints at the presence of Triassic marine food webs capable of supporting massive creatures despite the Permian extinction
Researchers have identified a tiny region at the root tip responsible for orchestrating vascular tissue growth. The study provides detailed insights into how plants construct phloem cells, the tissue that transports sugars, revealing key mechanisms involved in plant function and development.
A new study finds that the Omicron variant can evade immunity from previous infections and vaccines, with antibodies from double-vaccinated individuals showing reduced neutralizing activity. The study suggests the need for new vaccines and treatments to combat evolving variants.
Research found that popular children's books contain words associated with masculinity and femininity, contributing to children's gender knowledge. The study identified a range of books with varying levels of gender bias, including some with female main characters and others with male-dominated themes.
A newly discovered species of giant ichthyosaur, the earliest known, has been found in Nevada, shedding new light on the rapid growth of marine reptiles. The discovery, dated to 246 million years ago, is significant as it provides insights into the evolution of whales and dolphins.
A new study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 limits viral particle release and instead spreads through cell-to-cell transmission, enabling efficient infection without the need for antibodies. This stealthy transmission method makes it challenging for the host immune system to target and neutralize the virus.
Researchers identified global factors explaining plant diversity in form and function, influenced by climate and soil properties. Characteristics such as size, structure, and life span were shown to be determined by these factors.
A study using wildlife cameras in Berlin gardens found that foxes, raccoons, and martens avoided domestic cats, while cats exerted dominance over local wildlife. Lockdowns allowed scientists to observe interactions between these species in urban environments, shedding light on their rules and behaviors.
A UMass Chan clinical trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of an antisense oligonucleotide in suppressing mutant C9ORF72, a common cause of familial ALS. The treatment led to reduced levels of neurotoxins and stable or improved ALS functional scores.
Researchers developed an injectable, adhesive surgical gel that prevents postoperative adhesions and improves wound healing. The gel, dubbed HAD, was tested in rats and rabbits with promising results, showing a significant reduction in inflammation and mortality rates.
A study found that schools account for only 2.4% of variation in social-emotional-behavioral difficulties, depressive symptoms, and well-being among 11-14 year olds. School climate was associated with mental health, despite its small impact.
Patients with sufficient fiber intake had improved progression-free survival and response to immunotherapy in melanoma. A high-fiber diet was associated with slower tumor growth and increased CD4+ T cells in pre-clinical models, supporting the potential benefits of dietary interventions on cancer treatment outcomes.
The University of Nebraska is at the forefront of a global on-farm research movement, where producers actively contribute to agronomic understanding. This approach has shown significant benefits, including improved soybean production and nitrogen management, resulting in increased yields and reduced costs.
A new study led by Boston Medical Center researchers shows that Black individuals who were incarcerated have a statistically significant 65% increase in mortality rates compared to non-Hispanic non-Black individuals. This finding highlights the long-term impacts of incarceration on health, particularly among marginalized communities.
A new species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Enterococcus innesii, has been discovered by researchers at the John Innes Centre. The strain is resistant to vancomycin and may cause hospital-acquired infections.
A study of nearly 20,000 adults found that serious COVID-19 vaccine side effects are extremely rare among those who received vaccination. The online survey collected data on health and COVID-19-related events for daily, weekly, and monthly periods.
Researchers have discovered that the Matterhorn sways at a frequency of 0.42 Hertz, oscillating roughly in a north-south direction, with similar frequencies in an east-west direction. The mountain's summit experiences amplified vibrations up to 14 times stronger than the reference station at its base.
Researchers at PPPL and Princeton University have created a novel, wall-less Hall thruster that increases the lifetime of rockets and produces high power. The device uses segmented electrodes to focus the plasma thrust plume, improving performance and efficiency.
Researchers find that toxic aggregates form inside brain cells, causing axon damage and neuronal death. Silencing specific proteins can block the aggregation process, potentially preventing or treating prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Scientists have discovered a novel way to combine two species of grass-like plants using embryonic tissue from their seeds, offering disease resistance and stress tolerance. The breakthrough technique allows for the addition of beneficial traits to monocotyledonous crops without genetic modification or lengthy breeding programmes.
Jo Nelson, a Rice mathematician, has received the prestigious NSF CAREER Award to investigate manifold dynamics and promote diversity in academia. Her research focuses on contact and symplectic manifolds, with applications in low-energy space travel and anti-racism studies.
Scientists successfully demonstrated efficient electron beam modulation using integrated photonic microresonators, paving the way for atomic-scale imaging and coherent spectroscopy.
Researchers analyzed the largest cross-species database to assess species-specific cancer mortality rates and found conclusive proof that cancer risk is largely independent of body mass and life expectancy. The study highlights potent mechanisms of cancer resistance in larger species, contradicting intuitive expectations.