Analysis of data from a lightning mapper and radiation detector revealed neutrons generated from soil by large cosmic-ray showers, matching simulations that included both hadrons and gamma rays. This discovery suggests natural phenomena producing ground-pointed gamma-rays could produce similar neutron burst signatures.
Experts debate whether wearing masks outdoors can help reduce covid-19 transmission and encourage mask-wearing indoors. Some argue that normalising outdoor mask-wearing can bring benefits, while others believe efforts should focus on reducing indoor transmission.
Researchers discovered a cancer-causing gene mutation that accelerates cerebral cavernous malformation growth, leading to seizures or stroke. Repurposing an anticancer drug showed promise in improving brain-vascular health and preventing bleeding into the brain tissue.
A study published in Neurology found that people living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status experience worse stroke recovery, including more disability and depression. The study suggests that factors such as access to public spaces and perceived safety may contribute to these outcomes.
Researchers tested two suicide prediction models on nearly 14 million health records and found they performed poorly on Black, American Indian, and Alaska Native patients. The study highlights the need to test how prediction models perform in all racial and ethnic groups before implementing them in clinical care.
Dr. Lindsay Hampson, a UCSF researcher, has received the AGS' Jeffrey H. Silverstein Memorial Award for her work on improving patient-centered decision-making for older adults with urologic conditions. Her study found that multimorbidity, frailty, and mortality risk are common among older men with stress urinary incontinence.
Researchers identify subnanoscale chemical short-range order (CSRO) in face-centered cubic VCoNi alloy using complete suite of tools and methods. CSRO is linked to mechanical properties and plasticity mechanisms.
A new simulation study led by UCL researchers suggests that studying black hole-neutron star collisions could provide a new measurement of the Universe's expansion rate, helping to resolve a long-standing dispute. The study found that instruments on Earth could detect ripples in space-time caused by up to 3,000 such collisions by 2030.
Researchers analyzed Lake Victoria cichlid genomes to identify genes contributing to adaptive radiation and species-specific adaptations. The study found evidence of selective sweep events and preexisting genetic variation underlying these processes.
UC Riverside researchers used a nanoscale synthetic antiferromagnet to control magnon interaction, enabling nonlinear spin dynamics. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more energy-efficient computers, as well as advancements in magnetic memory and neuromorphic networks.
A new study found that policies in Pennsylvania aimed at protecting public health from fracking were ineffective due to frequent use of exemptions. The study, published in Energy Policy, analyzed well pad locations and found no significant change in how wells were sited after the state's setback policy took effect in 2012.
A new technique uses bacterial biofilms to capture microplastics, which are then processed and dispersed for recycling. This method has the potential to remove microplastics from wastewater treatment plants, helping to stop their release into oceans and protect human health and food chains.
A recent study by the University of Cincinnati found that inactive oil wells in Texas can leak significant amounts of methane, with some emitting up to 132 grams per hour. The study suggests that regular inspections using infrared cameras could help address the issue.
A study of 1179 children aged 11-12 years found that moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise was 2-6 times more potent than sleep or sedentary time in improving physical and mental health. Exercising 17 minutes more, sleeping an extra 52 minutes, or reducing sitting time by 56 minutes can achieve similar benefits.
Researchers at MIT developed a method to reduce fouling on heat exchanger surfaces by making salts self-eject, using hydrophobic surfaces and heat. The process involves the formation of 'crystal critters' that grow legs and eventually tip over, allowing the salts to be removed easily.
Researchers developed a topical cream using BRAF inhibitor LUT014 to reduce skin rash caused by EGFR inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients. The study showed that the treatment improved skin condition and reduced severity of the rash in 6 out of 10 patients.
A study of 9,290 children found that those with multiple classes of prenatal exposures had a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms. The risk was highest among those with unplanned pregnancy, substance use, or obstetrical complications.
Researchers from UNIGE used mice to study the complex processing of light by the retina, revealing that both light intensity and its temporal shape influence the signal sent to the brain. The findings, published in Science Advances, may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for eye weaknesses.
Researchers found that El Niño can accurately predict cacao yields with a high degree of confidence, even 25 months before the harvest. This innovative approach uses machine learning and rigorous data collection to provide valuable insights for farmers and policymakers, enabling them to make informed investment decisions.
Researchers aim to develop new alloys that can be additively manufactured to produce strong yet ductile structures. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of grain refinement in complex concentrated alloys, they hope to create materials suitable for various engineering applications, including space exploration.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have successfully created 3D organoid models of the human pancreas from human stem cells, including both acinar and ductal structures. The new platform could lead to the discovery of markers for early diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic cancer.
Researchers developed an exosome-based therapeutic strategy to target and treat late-stage colorectal cancer by disrupting immunosuppressive factors. In preclinical models, this approach proved effective in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response and controlling tumor growth.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in graphene, opening a pathway towards graphene-based topological qubits. This breakthrough finding enables the creation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, which are crucial for achieving topological superconductivity.
A national study found that only half of children with cardiomyopathy have undergone genetic screening, despite critical benefits for treatment and potentially curing the disease. Genetic screening can provide lifesaving information to families and prioritize children for a lifesaving cardiac transplant.
A new contaminant prioritization tool could increase the effectiveness of environmental approaches to landfill clean-up by matching tree species with specific contaminants. The tool allows site managers to prioritize the most hazardous contaminants or customize it to address local concerns.
Researchers from the IPK Leibniz Institute identified regulatory networks and signalling pathways controlling barley floral meristem development. The findings provide a deeper understanding of spikelet formation and offer an important tool for future studies.
A large analysis of patient data suggests that delayed antibiotic prescribing is a safe and effective strategy for most patients, including those in higher risk subgroups. The study found no significant difference in symptom severity or duration between delayed and immediate antibiotics, but a slight benefit in reducing re-consultation...
A new study reveals a significant increase in heart attack survival rates for patients treated with a standardized protocol for cardiogenic shock. The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative, led by Henry Ford Hospital, demonstrated a 71% survival rate in patients whose hearts were unable to pump enough blood during a heart attack.
A new study has reduced the Southern Ocean's CO2 uptake uncertainty by 50% using a novel method that constrains the ocean's carbon sink. The approach links human-made CO2 uptake to surface water salinity, allowing for more accurate projections of future climate change.
A Cornell-led research survey found that many Americans believe the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines provide weak protection against COVID-19 after a second dose. The study highlights the need for improved guidance on continued public health precautions, such as wearing masks, to combat vaccine attrition and prolong pandemic recovery.
The City College of New York team demonstrated the use of Rydberg states to enhance nonlinear optical interactions in solid state systems, creating a chip-scale scalable single photon switch. This breakthrough enables the realization of quantum photonic technologies by amplifying scalability.
A recent study has shown a significant decline in funding for discovery cancer research since 2006, with the percentage of annual funding falling by around a quarter. Worldwide Cancer Research is urging continued support for this type of research to develop new cancer cures.
A Uppsala University study found that genetic variants contribute more to educational attainment in socioeconomically deprived regions. The study of over 350,000 UK Biobank participants suggests an interaction between genes and environment, with socioeconomic deprivation modifying genetic effects.
Researchers have developed a remedy for renal anemia in cats using feline-derived erythropoietin, which shows minimal adverse reactions. The Pegylated fEPO was tested on 60 cases and proven effective in improving symptoms and quality of life for both cats and their owners.
A recent study reveals increased levels of air pollutants in cities like Kanpur and Delhi in India, while showing decreasing trends in the UK. The researchers used satellite observations to monitor these changes, highlighting the need for continued enforcement of clean air policies.
A new UC San Diego study found that Republicans' willingness to get vaccinated increased over time, while Democrats' views remained stable. The study also showed that Republicans were less trusting of media and viewed the COVID-19 virus as less threatening than Democrats.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant shift in internal medicine residency and fellowship applications. The study found that the number of applicants and applications submitted per applicant decreased in 2021 compared to previous years.
Using naturalistic driving data, researchers developed random forests models that accurately predicted mild cognitive impairment and dementia with 88% accuracy. The study identified age, trip patterns, and braking events as key predictors of the conditions.
A multidecade study found higher rates of mental illness symptoms among young adults exposed to traffic-related air pollutants during childhood and adolescence. The link between air pollution exposure and mental health symptoms was observed across sub-domains of psychopathology, with strongest links to thought disorder symptoms.
Research shows that between 60-70% of attention on social media platforms is focused on just 10 popular domains, while new competitors struggle to survive. The study's findings indicate a decline in online diversity and a potential for artificially high prices and constraints on innovation.
Researchers have developed a new method to control human hormones and metabolism, which could help prevent diseases such as prostate cancer and high cholesterol. The method involves binding to the POR protein, influencing hormone production and degradation, and has shown promise in treating prostate cancer by regulating CYP17 levels.
A new study published in PLOS Pathogens found that mice fed a Western-style diet high in processed foods and low in fiber developed persistent infections that led to inflammation and insulin resistance. The researchers suggest that altering gut microbiota through diet may be a means of promoting health.
Experts argue that universal low-risk testing is unlikely to reduce transmission and encourage prioritizing the improvement of testing programmes for those with symptoms. They also emphasize the need for transparency, sound evaluation, and high-quality testing services in addressing the pandemic.
A UMass Amherst-led team will develop a self-powered, decentralized network of computing hardware and solar batteries to reduce carbon emissions. The team plans to virtualize energy systems and engineer digital carbon-capping policies to track applications' use of traditional grid-based carbon emissions.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a novel imaging method to visualize respiratory activity of 3D tissue models. The method uses potential step-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging to track oxygen consumption and produce luminescent signals.
Scientists have assembled high-quality reference genomes for 16 endangered species, including the kakapo and vaquita, revealing that even small populations can survive if humans do not kill off remaining animals. The 'kitchen sink approach' combined multiple biotech tools to produce error-free genome assemblies.
Researchers found that well-fitting three-layered cloth masks reduce exposure by up to 75% and can be as effective as surgical masks in preventing COVID-19 transmission. The study's findings suggest cloth masks can significantly reduce the risk of contraction, making them a valuable tool in community efforts
A new study using bone collagen analysis shows that Japanese flounder exhibit behavioral groups with different migration patterns and feeding habits. The researchers analyzed vertebral-bone collagen isotope ratios to reconstruct individual migration and feeding history, revealing distinct differences among fish.
A new study reveals that people with dyslexia sample visual information slower and with more difficulty when reading. The researchers found a direct link between eye movements and reading speed in individuals with the learning disorder.
The study found that nearly half of people with asthma closest to the fire were unaware of the pollution problem and unable to take steps to avoid exposure. The incident led to an 80% increased risk of worsened asthma symptoms for those living within a 10-mile radius of the plant.
A quality improvement study evaluated the length, readability, and complexity of COVID-19 vaccine phase III randomized clinical trial informed consent documents. The study found that these documents were often lengthy and complex, posing a barrier to participant understanding.
Scientists found a strong correlation between insect body size and temperature in fossil midges, revealing a promising new proxy for palaeotemperatures. The study suggests that insects can be used to reconstruct ancient climates dating back to the Cretaceous period.
A new study models people's exposure to air pollution by race-ethnicity and income level, finding that exposure disparities among people of color and white people are driven by nearly all emission source types. The researchers found that air pollution disparities arise from a more systemic set of causes than previously understood.
Researchers have identified a specific mechanism of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) that enables it to bind to platelets and initiate clotting. The discontinuous autoinhibitory module (AIM) is a prime site for new antithrombotic drug development.
Historical research from Lund University reveals that electrification strengthened professional groups' negotiating power, leading to more strikes over wage increases. The study analyzed 8,000 strikes between 1859 and 1938 and found that technological change was a rare trigger.
Workers who faced the room and had relatively few desks in their line of sight rated themselves more focused and productive, as well as their teams being better bonded. Staff at window desks also felt more productive than those sitting beside walls.
Breast cancer patients experience frequent job changes after diagnosis, with around ten percent reporting involuntary changes. The study suggests that a supportive work environment and understanding from managers can facilitate a satisfactory return to work.
Researchers at University of Maryland School of Medicine found that primary care practitioners significantly overestimated the likelihood of conditions such as cardiac ischemia and breast cancer. The study highlights the need for better decision-making tools to help doctors estimate risk based on laboratory findings.
Researchers developed a new type of LED that reduces blue light emission, resulting in a warm white light similar to natural sunlight. The new phosphor compound minimizes the intensity across blue wavelengths, improving sleep quality and reducing eye troubles.
A novel method allows tracking rapid structural changes in enzymes and nucleic acids. The technique, called microsecond freeze hyperquenching, was originally developed at Delft University but later fell into disuse.