Researchers developed an interpretable radiomic model to predict radiotherapy treatment response in patients with brain metastases. The model, combining radiomics and SHAP methods, demonstrated good performance and interpretability.
A Phase II study published in Frontiers in Oncology found that daily use of AHCC supplementation may help most patients eliminate their HPV infection and decrease the risk of HPV-related cancers. The study showed that 14 of 22 patients (63.6%) became HPV-negative, suggesting a potential treatment option for persistent HPV infections.
Researchers at UVA School of Engineering and Applied Science have discovered a way to make a versatile thermal conductor that can be controlled on demand. This advancement has promise for managing heating and cooling in electronic devices, green buildings and space exploration, with potential applications including the Mars Rover.
A European map of aerosol pollution has been created to help improve human health by identifying the main sources of fine dust. The study found that residential heating with solid combustibles and traffic are major contributors to air pollution, highlighting the need for stricter regulations.
Computer scientists have developed a system to analyse noise produced by individual cameras, linking videos or images to specific cameras. The tool extracts camera-specific noise from video frames, achieving high accuracy rates and potential practical use for law enforcement.
A new study reveals that police involvement in student mental health transfers at Ontario universities differs significantly, with some universities using handcuffs routinely and others reserving them for rare circumstances. The study recommends engaging police only in high-risk situations to minimize restraints during transfers.
The University of Miami Rosenstiel School has been awarded a $7.5 million grant from DARPA to develop innovative hybrid reef structures that can accelerate coastal protection in Florida and the Caribbean.
Researchers analyzed data from over 1.3 million patients and found females experience ear, nose, and throat issues, mood disorders, and fatigue, while males are more likely to suffer from renal disorders. Sex-disaggregated research is crucial for effective therapies and public health interventions.
SeqScreen, an open-source software toolkit, accurately characterizes short DNA sequences to detect pathogenic sequences. The program uses a curated database of thousands of gene sequences representing 32 types of virulence functions.
Researchers found that invasive therapy for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with CKD is associated with lower mortality and reduced risk of cardiac events. The study challenges the dominant practice of offering medical management instead of invasive therapy for this population.
Research from the University of Melbourne found that children who had bronchitis at least once before age seven were more likely to develop lung diseases like asthma and pneumonia in later life. The study followed 8,583 people for 46 years, establishing a long-term link between childhood bronchitis and adult lung health outcomes.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has updated its safe-sleep guidelines, recommending babies sleep on their backs on flat, level surfaces to reduce SIDS risk. The guidelines also emphasize the importance of breastfeeding, pacifier use, and avoiding drugs and alcohol exposure.
A new camera system developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers can reconstruct sound vibrations with extraordinary accuracy, capturing isolated audio without inference or a microphone. The dual-shutter vibration-sensing system uses two cameras and a laser to detect high-speed, low-amplitude surface vibrations.
Researchers developed a redox mediation strategy to improve lithium–sulfur batteries' sluggish reaction kinetics, enabling practical application. The team created an organic molecule-based redox mediator that promotes sulfur redox kinetics in high-energy-density pouch cells.
Giorgi Eliava's contributions to bacteriophage research are commemorated in a peer-reviewed journal. His life and work laid the foundation for phage therapy, which has potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and more. The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage continues his legacy.
Researchers used wearable activity trackers and AI to identify indicative physiological changes in people with COVID-19, detecting infections up to 2 days before symptoms began. The study found that the algorithm was effective in identifying positive cases, but its accuracy needs further improvement.
Researchers analyzed DNA of Demodex folliculorum mites living in human hair follicles, finding unusual body features and behaviors due to their isolated existence. The study suggests these mites may transition from external parasites to internal symbionts as they shed unnecessary genes and cells.
A study published in Implementation Science found that including local economic data in emails to legislators increases engagement, but only for Democrats. The research suggests tailoring communication by political party can also be effective.
Researchers from the Polish Academy of Sciences propose nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as potential OLED emitters, offering improved energy efficiency and color purity. The new compounds achieve high external quantum efficiencies, outperforming existing donor-acceptor emitters.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered a novel neural mechanism involved in causal inference that helps the brain detect object motion during self-motion. This discovery may have applications in designing artificial intelligence devices and developing treatments for brain disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
A Rutgers study reveals that racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to obtain prescriptions to treat opioid addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend is particularly concerning, as minority groups face more barriers to healthcare and are already disproportionately affected by the pandemic.
A collaborative team of scientists has discovered 15 additional genetic mutations in the KCNK9 gene that cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome. The study provides definitive diagnoses to 21 families worldwide, offering new insights into the disorder's symptoms and treatment options.
A screening tool developed at the University of Strathclyde has increased the number of tests on solid tumour samples by up to 50 times. The technology enables large-scale testing of immunotherapies like CAR-T cell therapy, which is effective against many haematological cancers but faces challenges when treating solid tumours.
A SwRI study examines elliptical craters on Saturn's moons Tethys and Dione, finding unique patterns that indicate the satellites' age and formation conditions. The research suggests a planetocentric impactor population, pointing to the importance of considering gravity-driven impacts when studying object ages.
A balance test that measures an individual's ability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds can predict mortality risk in middle-aged and older adults. Researchers found that those who failed the test had a significantly higher risk of death from any cause within the next decade, with an absolute difference of nearly 13%.
Researchers have developed innovative tests for multiple chemicals using plant-based molecules that can detect synthetic cannabinoids and banned pesticides. The system uses a simple and inexpensive approach to quickly signal the presence of nearly 20 different chemicals.
A new study found that the 2021 heat wave caused widespread death among shellfish due to a combination of low tides, high air temperatures, and location. The research team analyzed hundreds of field observations and found that some species fared better than others in terms of survival.
A new nanosensor developed by Chinese scientists can detect mesna, a regional antidote for urinary system protection, in real-time with high sensitivity and selectivity. The platform features an upconversion-based sensor that eliminates background interference and offers a simple and reliable strategy for clinical drug monitoring.
Researchers found that using advanced image-guided technology didn't lead to better outcomes for patients, but rather put them at higher risk of strokes. The study suggests that a simpler approach may be more effective in treating atrial fibrillation.
The USPSTF recommends against using beta carotene or vitamin E supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a role in both CVD and cancer, but dietary supplements have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, leading to proposals for their use as preventive measures.
Dermatitis will be published bimonthly in print and online formats with open access options. The Journal focuses on contact, atopic, occupational, drug-induced dermatitis and environmental dermatitis.
The WVU program trains next generation of toxicologists to collect, analyze air samples from mining, fracking sites, using the university's Inhalation Facility. Students will work with preceptors from various fields to investigate health effects of inhaling toxicants.
Scientists at Chung-Ang University have pioneered a novel method for controlling microdroplet motion on solid surfaces using near-infrared light. This approach allows for more precise control than traditional thermal techniques and opens up new possibilities for applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, and self-cleaning surfaces.
A study by UC San Diego's Rady School of Management found that people are more likely to hurt others when they believe it is morally right, rather than for personal benefit. The research suggests that laws and punishments may not be effective deterrents if they don't address the underlying moral motivations behind violent behavior.
The SciComm Identities Project is a five-year initiative creating fellowships for tenure-track faculty members from diverse backgrounds, focusing on climate change issues like energy, water, and agriculture. The program aims to train science communicators from marginalized communities in environmental science.
Researchers have developed a way to fine-tune CAR T cell therapy to strike a balance between safety and efficacy, reducing the risk of severe side-effects. The new approach enables customisation of potency levels for individual patients, broadening its potential as a first-line treatment.
Researchers at Leibniz-HKI found that lactic acid bacteria nourish intestinal cells, promoting bacterial growth and adapting Candida's metabolism to make it less infectious. This balance restores a healthy state and prevents fungal infections.
A population-based study found that patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who experienced hot flashes while on adjuvant hormone therapy had worse outcomes and a higher risk of early treatment discontinuation. The study suggests that managing side effects may not be enough to prevent treatment discontinuation, highlight...
A study evaluating discharge data from five states found that postoperative mortality rates in children undergoing tonsillectomy were associated with recognized risk factors for complications. The analysis revealed that comorbidities, such as heart disease and respiratory conditions, significantly increased the risk of mortality.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University observed unprecedented collective resonance motion in chiral helimagnets, allowing a significant increase in current frequency bands. This phenomenon enables a boost in frequencies beyond 100 GHz with relatively weak magnetic fields, making these materials promising for 6G technology.
A UC San Diego study suggests COVID-19 rebound symptoms after taking Paxlovid are likely caused by insufficient drug exposure, not resistance or impaired immunity. The study found the virus remained sensitive to the drug and no relevant mutations were detected.
Chronic kidney disease and glaucoma have been found to share common risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension, leading to a higher risk of developing both conditions. The study also reveals that patients with glaucoma are more likely to develop chronic kidney disease over time.
A novel enzyme-free strategy was developed to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues like glyphosate in agricultural products. The new approach uses a ratiometric fluorescence sensor that can visualize and quantify glyphosate residues with high sensitivity, allowing for rapid detection and monitoring of pesticide residues.
A novel technique can rapidly detect chiral molecules in complex gas mixtures, identifying fake perfumes and damaged plants. This approach has vast potential for agriculture, quality control of perfumes, and monitoring plant health.
A MedUni Vienna study team has identified a specific subtype of macrophages as a protective function against fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. TREM2-positive macrophages have been shown to prevent fat accumulation, inflammatory processes and progression to liver fibrosis.
Foodomics is a data-driven approach to characterize and quantify biomolecules in food, improving wellbeing. The application of omics technologies like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics enables the creation of a comprehensive food composition database.
A new study reveals that acids in sugar-free beverages can erode tooth enamel, posing a risk to dental health. Flavored sparkling waters also showed signs of erosion, although less than sugar-containing and sugar-free sodas.
Researchers from Japan developed a new model to assess mangrove forest productivity, which is influenced by environmental factors such as sea surface temperature and salinity. The model uses satellite data to estimate productivity and performed better than traditional terrestrial models.
Researchers discovered how Mycobacterium tuberculosis can evolve efficiently by forming complex biofilms due to genetic mutations. The study sheds light on the bacterium's robustness and identifies potential vulnerabilities for developing more effective treatments.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed an accessible way to make N95 face masks that can kill viruses and bacteria on contact. The antiviral masks use a simple process with widely available tools, reducing plastic waste by allowing for longer wear.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered microbes that can survive in conditions similar to those on Mars. These microorganisms thrive in extremely salty, cold, and oxygen-free environments by eating and breathing simple inorganic compounds. The study provides insights into the possibility of life on Mars.
A team of scientists has developed a complex tissue platform that can restore damaged rotator cuffs through 3D-bioprinting. The platform, which includes stem cells and tissue-specific extracellular matrix bioink, regenerates tissues and improves shoulder function in animal models.
A recent study found that socioeconomic disparities in obesity among US adolescents have significantly increased over the past two decades. The findings suggest that adolescents from lower-income backgrounds are more likely to be obese, highlighting a pressing public health concern.
Wistar scientists have identified a novel therapeutic approach that inhibits the gene KDM5A, which improves immune cell infiltration and attack on tumors. This approach has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies, including reduced tumor burden and improved survival rates in mice with ovarian cancer.
Researchers found that low-energy helium plasmas pre-exposure creates nanostructures on material surfaces, reducing deuterium plasma-driven permeation flux. Theoretical calculations confirm that surface protrusions and near-surface helium bubbles reduce hydrogen isotope penetration through the material.
Researchers develop BPAWR-SACM process to generate designable spatially coherent wide-band radiation without resonant cavity. The technique amplifies centered non-absorption band with gain up to 26.02 dB, enabling frequency modulation in visible light range.
The American Heart Association warns that e-cigarette use in adolescents can lead to stunted lung development and altered cardiovascular systems, increasing the risk of heart disease over time. Long-term exposure to e-cigarette aerosols has been linked to increased blood pressure, impaired blood vessel function, and arterial stiffness.
A new AI-powered mental health application, FuturSelf, uses machine learning to identify the shortest path to mental stability. The system offers personalized recommendations for improving long-term well-being.
Researchers constructed a synthetic stub lattice in two coupled rings of different lengths, observing flat bands, band transitions and mode localization. This experimental demonstration enables dynamic control of light and may pave the way for future applications in optical communications.
Researchers developed a new testable model to improve understanding and treatment of metabolic diseases. The model integrates various aspects of cell signaling, addressing how calorigenic nutrients activate cells.
Researchers found that hackmanite's structural breathing allows it to change color indefinitely due to sodium atoms moving inside a zeolitic cage. This property enables various applications such as UV monitoring and X-ray imaging.
Researchers at KIST have developed a new polymer additive material to prevent aggregation in photoactive layers of large-area organic solar cells, improving performance and stability. The technology achieves a 14.7% module efficiency, a 23.5% increase compared to conventional systems.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has honored 14 scientists with its annual awards, recognizing their outstanding contributions to the field. The recipients will give award lectures at the society's annual meeting in March, and each award includes a cash prize, plaque, and transportation expenses.
A new study has found that a medication used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is associated with favourable pregnancy outcomes and high treatment success. The study examined the experiences of 275 pregnant women living with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in five countries, finding that 73.2% gave birth to healthy babies.
The American Gastroenterological Association has released new clinical guidelines outlining a personalized approach to treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The guidelines recommend prioritizing lifestyle modifications and dietary changes, such as increasing fiber or following the low-FODMAP diet, before seeking advanced tr...
The study investigates relative gaps in COVID-19 vaccination between ethnic groups, finding significant disparities in vaccination rates. Researchers use different population estimate methodologies to analyze the resulting population risk among people in New Zealand.
Researchers at MIT have developed a method to enable quantum sensors to detect any arbitrary frequency without losing nanoscale spatial resolution. The new system, called a quantum mixer, injects a second frequency into the detector using microwaves, enabling detection of signals with desired frequencies.
Researchers used LiDAR technology to create high-resolution scans of log 'castles' that house Western Spiny-tailed Skinks, revealing what makes them suitable habitats. The study aims to help conservation efforts by replicating these 'log castles' and managing introduced predators in mining landscapes.
A team of scientists has developed a novel computational approach to analyze DNA sequences of thousands of bacteria, revealing previously unknown gene clusters responsible for producing metabolites of interest. The study highlights the potential of these bacterial compounds in treating colon cancer and improving treatment options.
Researchers found that walking enhances performance on cognitive tasks in 14 participants by increasing frontal brain function, while 12 others showed no improvement. This discovery highlights the flexibility of a healthy brain and has implications for understanding aging and neurological disorders.
Researchers used X-ray crystallography to reveal the structure of HIV-1 matrix protein at 2.1 angstroms resolution, advancing understanding of viral assembly and envelope protein incorporation. The study showed that molecular details at this level can help develop new therapeutic agents inhibiting HIV-1 assembly and virus production.
Researchers studying Mexico City's 700-year history highlight the need for democratic adaptation decisions and prioritizing climate justice over technological innovation. The city's complex water management system, built on an island in a saline lake, demonstrates trade-offs between flood control and urban development.
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and four international medical societies have published consensus statements on the treatment of pre-invasive vulvar lesions. These guidelines highlight the need for specific attention to these lesions, which can cause symptoms such as burning and itching, and may progress to invasive can...
A study by Rice University finds that agricultural nitrogen emissions cause substantial damage to air quality, human health, and the climate. The researchers quantified emissions from fertilized soils over three years and found that ammonia had a much larger impact on damages than nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science found that singlet oxygen plays a crucial role in synergistic antimicrobial mechanism with other ROS generated by cold atmospheric plasma. This study improves understanding of fungicidal mechanism and provides theoretical guidance for applications of plasma technology.
Researchers discovered that sex differentiation in Bursaphelenchus nematodes occurs through a stochastic regulation mechanism, dependent on random events. This finding may help develop population engineering strategies for controlling nematode populations and mitigating plant diseases.
Researchers investigated the cell adhesion behavior on spider silk fibers, films, and nanofibers. The study found that native spider silk exhibits superior properties for medical use, preventing blood clots and enduring repetitive loading and unloading.
Researchers developed zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites to detoxify cadmium poisoning, which competitively inhibited cellular Cd uptake and promoted Cd excretion. The compounds showed excellent detoxification capacity and biosafety, holding promise for treating occupational exposure populations.
Scientists have discovered a way to harness animals' olfactory ability to protect endangered plants and animals by masking their scent, disguising it, or spreading similar scents. This method is more effective, sustainable, and animal-friendly than traditional deterrents like fences and lethal control methods.
A new study reveals that COVID-19 variants are formed in chronic patients with weakened immune systems, who experience prolonged infections. This leads to the accumulation of mutations, similar to those found in severe illness variants.
Researchers found that climate change is shifting the risk of human-wildlife conflicts in Thailand, with northern areas more vulnerable to elephant-human interactions. The study suggests that as natural habitats become fragmented, conflicts may intensify in rural areas where agriculture relies heavily on land.
A new muscle biopsy test could lead to an earlier diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive disease affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The test targets transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accumulation, which may be a biomarker for early ALS diagnosis.
Researchers discovered PDE5 inhibitors can reverse chemotherapy resistance by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, potentially shrinking oesophageal tumours more than chemotherapy alone. The treatment is already proven to be safe and well-tolerated, with promising results in a phase I/II clinical trial.
A systematic review of 84 studies found insufficient evidence that multivitamins or supplements can prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer in healthy adults. In contrast, diet and exercise are key to maintaining health. Whole fruits and vegetables contain a mixture of vitamins, phytochemicals, fiber, and other nutrients that act syn...
Researchers discovered 'replay' during slow-wave sleep in a person with tetraplegia, suggesting the brain practices newly learned information through neuronal firing. This finding may help guide the development of new therapies and tools for people with neurologic diseases and injuries.
A new study from the University of Missouri found that Himba pastoralists in Namibia are more likely to form long-lasting relationships with others who share similar desirable traits. This suggests that people's actual preferences may differ from their stated desires, and that similarity in desirability is key to successful relationships.
A team of researchers has identified a key player in the molecular pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17), a rare and devastating hereditary brain disease. The enzyme calpain is found to be overactive in cell and animal models of SCA17, leading to impaired protein function and accumulation of toxic protein fragments.
Researchers at MIT created insect-scale robots that can emit light during flight, allowing for precise motion tracking and potential communication between robots. The ability to emit light also enables the robots to call for help in search-and-rescue missions.
A study analyzing over 3 million EV-related Reddit posts reveals a wide spectrum of viewpoints on electric vehicles. The research found high similarities between political and fringe communities, indicating controversial opinions on environmental impacts.
A new optimization tool can quickly improve performance of various autonomous systems, including walking robots and self-driving vehicles. The tool uses automatic differentiation to identify tweaks that achieve desired outcomes, reducing trial-and-error simulations.
A study published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine suggests that clinician encouragement can empower patients and their families to engage in civic activities. By promoting voter engagement, healthcare providers can contribute to building an inclusive democracy and promoting health equity.
A new England-wide study found a strong association between intimate partner violence and self-harm and suicidality in both men and women, regardless of age. The study used data from over 7,000 adults in England and found that people who experienced IPV had higher rates of self-harm and suicidal thoughts.
An international team of researchers found that destructive quantum interference suppresses transition between superdeformed and spherical ground states in calcium-40 nuclei. This work may help explain nucleosynthesis processes and the remarkable stability of magic nuclei.
A study found that silver nanowire films with better plasticity exhibit stronger shear fracture resistance. Adding an ultra-thin metal buffer layer can improve the films' stability without affecting their optical properties.
A study found that over 60% of parents of children with kidney disease or hypertension are unsure or unwilling to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Effective vaccines exist to protect children from COVID-19, and the findings highlight the need for clear communication to address parental concerns.
A new combination therapy using a plant virus and an antibody activates natural killer cells to target and destroy cancer cells. The therapy eliminates all tumors and prevents their recurrence, resulting in 100% survival in mouse models of colon cancer.
A study published in The Lancet Microbe reveals that typhoid-causing bacteria have developed resistance to critical antibiotics, spreading globally since 1990. This rise threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics for treating typhoid fever infections.
Researchers have derived governing equations that describe the macroscopic mechanical behavior of elastomers filled with liquid inclusions directly from their microscopic behavior. This work enables a wide range of novel materials with unique mechanical and physical properties.
Researchers fabricated a nano-ruler with high spatial resolution to explore the longitudinal plasmonic field in nanocavities. The study found an unexpectedly large intensity gradient, shedding new light on understanding of plasmonics and SERS technology.
Researchers reveal the likely composition of Charon's dynamic methane atmosphere and propose a possible source for its red polar zone. The team's novel experiments and atmospheric modeling suggest that ultraviolet light breaking down methane molecules is key to understanding the moon's unique albedo.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that robots loaded with widely-used AI models exhibit significant gender and racial biases. The AI models were trained on biased internet data, which led to the robot making assumptions about people's jobs based on their appearance.
A joint modelling initiative predicted US COVID-19 cases would rise in July 2021 and peak in September, with low-vaccination states bearing the brunt. States with high vaccination rates averted over 1.5 million cases and 21,000 deaths.
A new study from Oregon State University suggests that the gelatin in Pacific whiting skin has anti-aging properties, preventing wrinkles caused by ultraviolet radiation. The researchers found a positive response in a human cell model system, providing evidence for further research.
Researchers found that 27.8% of drugs with high abuse potential successfully completed development compared to 4.7% for low-abuse potential drugs. Funding is needed to improve understanding of pain mechanisms and develop non-addictive treatments.
A nationwide study by UTEP researchers found that public housing residents experience higher levels of fine particulate matter, disproportionately affecting Black, Hispanic, disabled, and low-income populations. The study highlights the need for environmental, public health, and housing policies to address air pollution disparities.
A study by Dr. Armineh Barkhordarian confirms a systematic warming pool in the Pacific caused by human activities, leading to increased frequency and intensity of local marine heatwaves. The region has experienced 31 marine heatwaves over the past 20 years, compared to just nine between 1982 and 1999.
A recent study by Universitat Pompeu Fabra researchers found that higher levels of mechanization in armed forces decrease the likelihood of coups d'état. However, this increased reliance on tanks and armored vehicles can also hinder coordination and increase execution costs, deterring potential conspirators.
Researchers have discovered a protein produced by soft-tissue sarcoma tumors that changes the biology of surrounding immune cells, promoting tumor growth. The study could lead to improved treatments for this rare and aggressive cancer type.
A 1,700-year-old genome study from Korea reveals greater genetic heterogeneity among ancient Gaya confederacy individuals compared to modern Koreans. The findings suggest that the Korean peninsula experienced more genetic diversity in the past, with ancient Koreans intermixing within the region.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that campus food pantries can positively affect students' physical health, mental health, and lead to improvements in sleep. Researchers surveyed 1,855 students at 10 University of California campuses before and after visiting a food pantry.