A new study found that 64% of adults who had contact with the child welfare system as children achieve excellent mental health, highlighting resilience and factors associated with flourishing. Chronic pain, major depression, and social isolation hinder optimal mental health.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that dog-assisted interventions can significantly reduce stress levels in elementary school children, both with and without special needs. The research used salivary cortisol levels to track the effects of dog interactions on stress levels, revealing a decrease in cortisol levels after dog sessions.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have invented a material that uses electrical signals to separate biomolecules, paving the way for efficient production of biomedicines. The material's ability to function in biological fluids with buffering capacity enables remote-controlled drug release and reduces energy consumption.
A new analysis published in JAMA Psychiatry shows that brief suicide prevention interventions delivered in healthcare settings drastically underreport the strategies needed for successful implementation. On average, about 85% of these strategies were missing from published reports.
Climate-related events and air pollution disproportionately affect socially and economically disadvantaged children, exacerbating health issues such as preterm birth, respiratory illness, and malnutrition. The authors emphasize the need for simultaneous adaptation and mitigation strategies to protect children's health.
Researchers identified DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) as a critical factor regulated by histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in skin aging. Overexpression of HDAC4 rescued cells from senescence, while DDIT4 overexpression reversed changes associated with aging.
Youth substance use declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, as teens had limited access to peers and substances due to stay-at-home orders. This reduced risk of substance use is attributed to increased social isolation from peers, which may have a negative impact on mental health.
Research on two worm phyla provides clues on how separate sexes originated and evolved in animals. The study characterizes the evolution of sex chromosomes in flatworms and roundworms, revealing that their diversity is a result of different combinations of genetic elements.
Researchers at EMBL discovered how messenger RNA molecules bind to and regulate the enzyme ENO1, which breaks down glucose. This riboregulation process can determine cell growth and differentiation, with potential implications for understanding cancer.
Researchers warn policymakers that inadequate charging networks can derail EV adoption efforts, particularly if floods disrupt charging infrastructure, affecting not just the immediate area but also farther away. Strong public confidence in the network is crucial for long-term adoption and meeting carbon reduction targets.
A novel study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology demonstrates that Nordic walking provides greater long-term improvements in functional capacity compared to high-intensity interval training and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training. Nordic walking engages core, upper, and lower body muscles, resulting in a sig...
Researchers from Tel Aviv University and the Hebrew University discovered charcoal remnants from olive trees at the Chalcolithic site of Tel Zaf, indicating intentional cultivation around 7,000 years ago. This marks the earliest evidence of domestication of a fruit tree worldwide.
A recent study found that higher exposure to air pollution is associated with increased functional brain connectivity among several brain regions in preadolescents. The findings also identify the first years of life as the most sensitive period for exposure to air pollution, with black carbon particles being the most associated polluta...
Scientists at Max Born Institute demonstrate ultrafast emergence of all-optical switching by generating a nanometer-scale grating through interference of two pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The researchers identify an intensity ratio as a fingerprint observable for AOS in diffraction experiments.
The June 2022 issue of GEN Biotechnology features groundbreaking research on adenine base editing, which could lead to more precise and safer genetic therapies. Additionally, the journal explores racial disparities in biotech leadership and advocates for improving diversity, equity, and inclusion.
The device can instantly recognize what it sees, like automatic descriptions of pictures taken by a camera or phone, and outperforms the eye in the number of wavelengths it can see. It's uniqueness comes from its ability to integrate three different operations into one, making it many times faster than current technology.
Scientists have found evidence for a young and extremely powerful neutron star, dubbed VT 1137-0337, in a dwarf galaxy 395 million light-years from Earth. The pulsar is thought to be as young as 14 years old and has the strongest magnetic field of any known object.
A recent study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that poor sleep among African Americans is associated with lower cognitive function, including attention and executive function. The study suggests that improving sleep health may support prevention of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
A telephone survey of over 1.4 million US adults found modest increases in clinically significant anxiety and depression during the first year of the pandemic. Key population segments, such as first responders, may have experienced more substantial increases.
Researchers have created a new classification system for coexisting mangrove-coral habitats, identifying four distinct types: lagoons, creeks, fringe areas, and under the mangrove canopy. These habitats are diverse, with about 130 species of corals living in them, and are crucial for coral survival.
Researchers used ALMA to study 30 Doradus, a large star-forming region in the LMC, and discovered that gravity is shaping molecular clouds despite intense stellar feedback. The observations revealed a pattern of highly organized filaments, which are likely an important step in the process of star formation.
Researchers at Politecnico di Milano developed a new nanomaterial with a superfluorinated gold cluster, exhibiting unique optical and catalytic properties. The findings have potential applications in precision medicine and the green transition, including diagnostic and therapeutic applications and efficient production of green hydrogen.
USC Viterbi School of Engineering researchers introduce platinum as a non-toxic catalyst to transform toxic aldehydes into harmless carboxylic acids in wastewater. The breakthrough enables the production of clean and reusable water, addressing growing concerns about water shortages and regulatory requirements.
A UC San Diego longitudinal study found that most COVID-19 long-haulers continue to suffer from neurological symptoms six months after infection, with memory impairment and decreased concentration being the most prevalent. Researchers identified a new subgroup with advanced symptoms, including tremor and difficulty balancing.
A groundbreaking study using cellular barcoding in mice reveals that blood cells originate from two independent sources: hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic multipotent progenitor cells. These findings have significant implications for understanding blood cancers, bone marrow transplant, and the aging immune system.
A recent study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that brand-name epilepsy drugs experienced a significant price hike between 2010 and 2018, with costs rising by 277% compared to generic alternatives, which decreased in value by 42%. This shift in pricing has major implications for patients and healthcare systems.
A new analysis by University of Pittsburgh scientists demonstrates that institutional racism, rather than race-based biology, worsens asthma severity in Black people. The study links discriminatory lending practices from the 1930s to long-term environmental and health inequities, particularly in historically redlined neighborhoods.
Astronomers use Gemini South Telescope to study how planet formation differs in low-mass star systems, discovering large rings composed of tiny dust grains around some stars. The team also finds a potential new exoplanet candidate orbiting a young star with a mass similar to Jupiter.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that COVID-19 vaccine immunity against new infection appears to wane rapidly, whereas people with a prior-infection were moderately protected from Omicron. Natural immunity provided strong and durable protection against severe illness.
A recent study of Polish teens reveals that even teachers trying to counteract gender stereotypes in the classroom can end up reinforcing them. The research observed 34 classes and found that teachers' responses to students' stereotypical behavior often perpetuated these same biases.
Researchers found that mesenchymal-like cells with enhanced contractility guide epithelial cancer cell migration through heterophilic N/E-cadherin complex formation. Inhibiting this complex reduces interaction between mesenchymal-like and epithelial cells, preventing tumor invasion.
A UC Riverside genetic discovery found that mosquitoes lack the primary ecdysone transporter, allowing researchers to develop a mosquito-specific insecticide. This breakthrough could help control Zika, dengue, and other virus-carrying mosquitoes without harming beneficial insects.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that physical activity can boost the body's immune response to influenza vaccination. The study analyzed data from over 100,000 individuals and concluded that regular exercise may provide better protection against the flu.
Researchers at Kyoto University's Institute Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi) have gained new insights into how totipotency is programmed in germline cells. They found that DNA methyl groups are removed and DNA strands are unwound to create a 'clean slate' for embryo development, while also building insulation to prevent earl...
Researchers found that humans can better locate targets when moving sideways than straight ahead, challenging previous understanding of human spatial hearing. This discovery has implications for echolocation instructors and users, who can now turn their head away to improve accuracy.
Researchers analyze weekly markets in Catalonia to highlight the cultural significance of vendors' pitches and their role in promoting diversity and spontaneity. The study shows that such practices can be a form of intangible cultural heritage, attracting customers who value uniqueness.
Research found a link between genetic variants that mimic statin medication effects and increased risk of developing cataracts. Genetic analysis revealed carriers of rare mutations in the HMGCR gene have almost complete protein inhibition, similar to taking statins.
Researchers discovered that copper availability affects the release of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. When copper is not available, microbes release more harmful gases instead of nitrogen, which makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere. By adding metal to natural systems, it may mitigate nitrous oxide release.
Researchers found that user-initiated corrections with reliable sources consistently helped users reject fake news. Individuals with higher health anxiety and conservative political stance were more susceptible to misinformation. The study encourages social media users to correct fake news they see online if they have a reliable source.
A recent scientific review suggests that the oral microbiome may hold key answers to pancreatic cancer development, diagnosis, and treatment. The study found a distinct association between oral microbiome patterns and pancreatic tumors, with certain disease-driving bacteria identified in both.
Children are at higher risk of health changes due to air pollution and climate change impacts, including increased asthma rates and vector-borne diseases. Caregivers can take steps to minimize exposure by making personal and family changes such as using electric cars, reducing meat consumption, and improving indoor air quality.
A new study published in The Journal of Urology found that a super-pulsed thulium fiber laser system improved stone-free rates and reduced residual fragments in pediatric patients with urinary stones compared to standard low-power holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers. The study, which evaluated 125 procedures in 109 patients, showed ...
A novel staging framework assesses Huntington's Disease progression and enables early-stage clinical trials of drugs. The HD-ISS groups patients by biological, clinical, and functional characteristics, allowing researchers to evaluate therapeutics in the earliest stages of disease.
Researchers identified a three-gene signature in multiple myeloma tumors that predicts a positive response to selinexor-based therapy. The discovery could improve patient selection for targeted agents and expand the use of the drug into patients who haven't failed other therapies.
A new species of large carnivore, Tartarocyon, has been discovered in the Pyrenees with a fossilized lower jaw weighing around 200 kg. The discovery provides insights into the development of European 'bear dogs' during the late Miocene period.
A recent study found that rural counties in the US experienced higher mortality rates during the Omicron wave of COVID-19, particularly among unvaccinated patients. Vaccination coverage was a significant factor in reducing patient outcomes.
MIT researchers demonstrate two security methods that protect analog-to-digital converters from powerful attacks, including power and electromagnetic side-channel attacks. The techniques are more efficient and less expensive than other security methods, minimizing power consumption and cost for portable smart devices.
Scientists at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have made encouraging progress in developing a vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is linked to various diseases. The new concept uses nanoparticles displaying dummy copies of gH/gL proteins, stimulating antibody production that can disrupt EBV's ability to infect healthy cells.
A new study published in Geology describes the earliest record of wildfire found yet to date, dating back 430 million years. The discovery provides valuable insights into the role of wildfires in Earth's systems during the Silurian period.
A newly installed deep-water pipeline has led to a significant increase in the abundance and diversity of marine life on the Angolan coast. The study found that the pipeline provided shelter and trapped organic matter, which animals feed on, resulting in an immediate boost to sea-floor animals.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a novel phased-array beamformer for 5G base stations, overcoming limitations in NR 39 GHz bands. The design combines Doherty amplifiers and digital predistortion techniques to improve power efficiency and reduce distortion.
Researchers identified immune endothelial cells promoting inflammation and developmental endothelial cells supporting cell development, regeneration, and proliferation. The study's findings may lead to targeted treatments for lung infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
A novel AI-empowered robotic device successfully assisted in percutaneous nephrolithotomy—surgery for removing large kidney stones. The trial showed improved precision and reduced complications, with a significant reduction in needle punctures and puncture duration.
A new SPECT imaging system performs scans 10-100 times faster than current systems, offering better image quality and increased patient throughput. The self-collimation concept improves traditional SPECT imaging by reducing scan time and radiation exposure.
A new study published in JAMA found that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may reduce the chance of an advanced cancer diagnosis for women with the densest breasts and highest risk, but not all women. DBT had additional advantages for women with specific risk profiles, including a higher rate of detection of small invasive breast canc...
A study published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia found that fentanyl can induce changes similar to autism-like behaviors in young male and female mice. The research team discovered that fentanyl induces autism-like behaviors via activating the mu-opioid receptor in the anterior cingulate cortex.
A new study published in Microbiology Spectrum found that nasopharyngeal swabs were the most effective method for detecting COVID-19, with detection rates ranging from 92 to 100%. Saliva and anterior nares tests had lower detection rates, particularly in asymptomatic patients.
Astronomers observed the fastest nova ever recorded, which drew attention to an unusual star. The research team studied its many baffling traits, including a pulsing light pattern, and may find answers to questions about our solar system's chemistry, star death, and universe evolution.
Scientists have identified the DOMINANT AWN INHIBITOR (DAI) gene in sorghum, which regulates the absence and shortening of awns. The gene encodes a protein that negatively regulates awn formation as a transcription factor, with implications for breeding modern awnless cultivars.
Researchers found a potential association between COVID-19 vaccines and an increased risk of coagulation disorders and coronary artery disease events. The study analyzed data from Norway, Finland, and Denmark to investigate this connection.