A small molecule drug compound has shown promise in treating multiple sclerosis by targeting the glutamate system, reducing MS-like symptoms and repairing damaged myelin. The results come from a CAMH-led pre-clinical study published in Science Advances.
A University of Michigan-led study found genetic mutations promoting reproduction are linked to shorter lifespans. Individuals with higher reproductive rates have lower probabilities of living beyond age 76.
Researchers are shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV replication and viral integration, opening new avenues for tackling the virus. Discoveries suggest that targeting the cell nucleus and harnessing innate immunity may be key to blocking viral replication and persistence.
A large cohort study found one-third of metastatic breast cancers harbor highly expressed fusion RNAs that may be therapeutically targetable. These fusions, involving cancer-related genes like ESR1, may offer personalized treatment strategies for patients with heavily pretreated disease.
Scientists studied magnesium oxide crystal samples exposed to the atmosphere for decades and days to months, revealing that a reacted layer forms on its surface. This layer limits carbon dioxide molecules from reacting with fresh magnesium oxide, making the technology less efficient.
Researchers discovered a mechanism that creates DNA palindromes and new microRNA genes from noncoding sequences, explaining the origin of small regulatory genes. The study found that this process can create novel genes, potentially affecting human health.
Researchers found SARS-CoV-2 viruses persisting in lung cells for up to 18 months post-infection, despite undetectable upper respiratory tract presence. The study suggests a link between innate immunity failure and virus persistence.
A study by USF Health doctors reveals that reducing mitochondrial protein translation can promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. This finding holds promise for developing new treatments for heart disease and regrowing damaged hearts.
A new study reveals that zooplankton species in the Humboldt Current off Peru can attenuate the export of carbon to the deep sea by consuming sinking particles. This challenge the previously prevailing assumption of a uniformly efficient biological carbon pump in oxygen minimum zones.
Substantial geographic disparities in US preterm birth rates were observed, with nearly 1 in 6 counties experiencing increases between 2007 and 2019. These disparities are linked to place-based social disadvantage, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A landmark study found that 92% of patients with severe asthma can safely reduce inhaled steroid dose and more than 60% can stop all use, minimizing side effects like osteoporosis, diabetes, and cataracts. The SHAMAL study used biologic therapy benralizumab to control severe asthma without steroids.
A clinical trial found that using MRI and a DCIS gene profile can guide treatment decisions for patients with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Patients who received a score lower than 39 were considered low-risk and could safely forego adjuvant radiotherapy, with similar rates of disease recurrence compared to those with high-...
Researchers successfully created a C4-like vein pattern in rice by modulating SHORT ROOT and auxin levels. This breakthrough sheds light on the antagonistic interplay between SHR and auxin, providing critical insights into C4 vein formation.
Researchers have discovered a breakthrough nanobody technology that suppresses pannexin tubes, interrupting inflammatory reactions in the liver. The technology shows promise as a potential treatment for acute liver injury and paracetamol overdose.
A study at the University of Eastern Finland reveals how digital multi-sided platforms are changing the way businesses approach B2B service sales. The research finds that platform owners play a crucial role in orchestrating value networks, enabling them to manage larger networks with fewer staff and use various interaction methods.
The updated EULAR recommendations for managing SLE emphasize individualized, multidisciplinary care and consider patient education and societal costs. Non-pharmacological interventions and careful drug selection based on disease type and severity are also key to improving long-term outcomes.
The study connects Tethyan plate tectonic movements to changes in Earth's surface environment, influencing global temperature and mineral resource distribution. Subduction-driven plate tectonics altered ocean-sea land distribution, affecting solar energy absorption and subsequent environmental shifts.
Drexel University's 'BioFiber' technology uses living tissue systems to stabilize and heal damaged concrete. The system incorporates biomineralizing bacteria that can create a stone-like material to repair cracks in concrete, improving durability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered how anti-obesity drugs like Ozempic interact with the RAGE receptor to control kidney damage in diabetes. This finding opens up new therapeutic drug targets for preventing kidney disease in people with diabetes.
A fungus-based biopesticide is less lethal to mammals than synthetic insecticides but can wipe out colonies of wasps that benefit plants by feeding on pests and performing pollination. The study found that infected wasps are not detected by nestmates, potentially threatening the survival of these species.
The Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report recommends budget-conscious investments in high-energy physics research. The US government will support the Large Hadron Collider, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, CMB-S4, and IceCube-Gen2 facilities for transformative discoveries related to fundamental physics.
Researchers have developed a new optical device that overcomes dispersion limitations in ultra-low-loss silicon nitride by creating conjoined microcombs. This breakthrough enables the production of short-pulse microcombs with low power consumption, paving the way for integration into handheld devices and photonic circuit arrays.
Researchers discovered a single bacterium transferred genetic material to mussels, enabling their ability to make durable fibers. These fibers, similar to spider silk, could inspire the development of tough polymer fibers for more sustainable materials.
Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University investigated the credibility and efficiency of generative AI tools in collecting medical literature. The study found that Elicit outperformed ChatGPT, suggesting multiple references with high accuracy within minutes.
The Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda has warmed by 1°C over the past 40 years, with surface temperatures increasing by 0.24°C per decade since the 1980s. The ocean's salinity and oxygen levels have also decreased, leading to increased acidity, which can affect marine life.
Researchers at Texas A&M's Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering are part of a $42 million program to advance laser-driven fusion energy. The RISE hub will focus on innovative target concepts, excimer gas lasers, and solid-state laser drivers to open up novel IFE regimes.
A new study from Gladstone Institutes has greatly expanded the scientific body of knowledge about how the body responds to too much oxygen. The research highlights a particular protein, MYBBP1A, that may play a central role in regulating cells' response to hyperoxia.
A study by researchers from the University of Münster found that China will be able to meet its demand for primary lithium for electric vehicles through recycling as early as 2059, while Europe and the US will not achieve this until after 2070. Recycling is also expected to ensure China's need for cobalt by 2045 and nickel by 2046.
A new study published in Nature Microbiology suggests that providing easy access to HIV treatment and care for heterosexual men could rapidly cut transmission to their female partners. Closing the viral suppression gap in men is estimated to halve rates of new infections among women and eliminate gender disparities.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered a novel ionizable lipid nanoparticle that enables efficient muscle-focused mRNA delivery while minimizing off-target effects. The study demonstrates potent cellular immune responses and potential as a viable candidate for cancer vaccine development.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed virtual reality goggles for mice, allowing them to study responses to overhead threats for the first time. The new system enabled more accurate and precise neural circuitry analysis by simulating natural environments, reducing training times compared to traditional VR systems.
A recent study reveals the importance of brain hubs in neural networks and their rapid compensation when lost. The researchers obtained direct recordings of human brain activity before and after surgically disconnecting a critical language hub.
Researchers have provided new details on structures resulting from 3D domain swapping in antibody light chains, shedding light on mechanisms of protein aggregation. The study suggests that the formation of tetramers may prevent protein aggregation by decreasing flexibility.
Researchers have identified a new enzyme, KtzT, that can form a rare nitrogen-nitrogen bond in molecules. The discovery enables the efficient production of tailored compounds with specific effects on organisms and their metabolic processes.
The Janelia Fluor dyes have become a staple in biology labs worldwide, and the team has now expanded their spectrum with a new set of far-red shifted dyes that can penetrate deeper into tissue. The researchers developed a novel chemistry to synthesize these dyes, enabling them to create dozens of functional versions relatively quickly.
The center will focus on research and programs to help communities in Arizona and other hot, dry geographic regions adapt to climate-driven health threats. SCORCH aims to build resilience through cross-disciplinary research and community engagement.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University identified a novel enzyme, SCAN, which attaches nitric oxide to proteins, including the receptor for insulin action. Blocking this enzyme protects from diabetes, suggesting it may be a cause of the disease.
Researchers have decoded the factor driving rapid growth of T cell lymphomas, revealing a 'sugar appetite' that triggers processes leading to tumor growth. The discovery provides new hope for treating aggressive cancer types, with existing medications potentially effective against these tumors.
The European Union has approved vaccines for pregnant women and monoclonal antibodies to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among young children. New sequencing tools have also been developed to track the genetic diversity of RSV and inform vaccine effectiveness and treatment strategies.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati Cancer Center present Phase 2 clinical trial results for a new BTK inhibitor treatment that offers potential for improved efficacy and safety in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The study also explores the use of IRAK4 inhibitors to target acute myeloid leukemia cells, with promising results.
Researchers found that a breakthrough infection builds upon existing memory B cell pool and introduces random mutations that prepare antibodies for new variants. Broad neutralizing antibodies can neutralize all tested Omicron variants.
A new study reveals how growing biofilms alter their environments and fine-tune their internal architecture to fit surroundings. The findings have implications for fighting disease and developing new types of living active materials.
A new hypothesis suggests that fermentation of cached food provided a more accessible form of nourishment, fueling the growth of larger brains in human ancestors. This idea is supported by the fact that the human large intestine is proportionally smaller than other primates and fermented foods are found across cultures.
Researchers at the Center for Development of Functional Materials created a sensor to monitor metronidazole levels in organisms and the environment. The sensor, combining magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles, showed good sensitivity and practical advantages, enabling real-time analysis and ease of handling.
New research from the Max Planck Institute challenges previous claims of giant exomoons around Kepler-1625b and Kepler-1708b. The study uses a computer algorithm to analyze observations, finding that 'planet-only' interpretations are more conclusive than initially thought.
Researchers at Université libre de Bruxelles identified a new RNA reader, SRSF2, that plays a key role in the development of leukaemia. The discovery sheds light on a previously unsuspected molecular mechanism leading to leukaemia and may lead to specific diagnoses and new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers at UCL and Yale found that healthy cells in bowel cancer tumors can push cancer cells towards a slow-growing state, reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The studies used single-cell analysis technologies to measure how mini-tumors responded to changes in genes and environment.
Human noroviruses cause over 684 million illnesses and 212,000 deaths annually. Researchers discovered that llama nanobodies can effectively neutralize different norovirus strains by recognizing a hidden pocket in the virus particles. This finding suggests a novel therapeutic approach against human norovirus.
In parts of Africa, humans communicate with greater honeyguides to locate bee colonies, sharing knowledge about the location of nests. The bird benefits by eating leftover honeycomb, while people gain access to honey and beeswax. Researchers found that honeyguides learn distinct vocal signals used by different honey-hunting communities.
Scientists at ETH Zurich successfully navigate gas-filled microbubbles through the brain's blood vessels using ultrasound, offering a potential breakthrough in delivering medications to specific areas. This technology could revolutionize treatments for cancer, stroke, and neurological conditions.
A study on ruff (Calidris pugnax) found a surprisingly low mutation load in the supergene controlling male mating strategies, forcing a reevaluation of supergene evolution. The researchers propose two potential scenarios to resolve this paradox: recent acquisition of recessive lethality or introgression from another species.
A study from Monash University reveals the levels of NOX4 protein change as fatty liver disease progresses, offering hope for prevention and treatment. Removing NOX4 in obese mice leads to NASH and liver damage, while artificially raising its levels protects against it.
A new study reveals that the last time atmospheric carbon dioxide reached today's human-driven levels was 14 million years ago, indicating a highly sensitive climate to greenhouse gases. The research also predicts a whopping 5-8 degrees C warming with a doubling of CO2, highlighting the urgent need for present-day climate policy.
A Washington State University study found that WIC participants were less likely to use potentially unsafe infant feeding practices during the 2022 US infant formula shortage. They were also more likely to change formula brands or sources and adopt healthier feeding habits.
Researchers developed an adaptable machine learning algorithm to measure driver 'workload' using driving performance signals, enabling real-time adjustments to in-vehicle systems for enhanced safety and user experience. The system can respond to changes in the driver's behavior, status, road conditions, or characteristics.
A NIH-funded study found associations between maternal prenatal inflammation and children's attention, anxiety, depression, and aggression. The research used the Child Behavior Checklist to measure aggressive behavior, anxiety/depression, and attention problems in 4,595 participants aged 6-18 years.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a detailed understanding of microfluidic post-array devices, which are used to create monodisperse emulsions with controlled droplet size. The team found that effective capillary number and specific geometric parameters play crucial roles in droplet formation.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Oxford found that formaldehyde inhibits DNA methylation, turning genes on or off. The study suggests that high levels of formaldehyde may suppress the body's attempts to prevent cancer.
A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters explores the link between a three-day exceptional heatwave in North China and human-induced climate change. The study highlights the need for emission reduction measures to address extreme heatwave consequences, with implications globally.
The marine aquarium trade is estimated to be worth $2.15 billion annually, with over 55 million organisms traded globally. The industry's significant economic value highlights the need for sustainable practices and conservation efforts to protect coral reefs.