A study found that mountain lion visits to a small preserve led to changes in deer activity, vegetation growth, and the presence of smaller predators like coyotes and foxes. This 'ecology of fear' demonstrates the ripple effects of apex predators on ecosystems.
Researchers developed BRIDGE, a multilingual benchmark that assesses large language models' understanding of clinical patient-care text. The benchmark reveals significant gaps in LLM performance on real-world clinical tasks, particularly in nuanced clinical language.
Colorectal cancer cells exploit a specific mitochondrial complex, complex II, to buffer iron toxicity and prevent cell death. By knocking out this complex, researchers found that cancer cells were more susceptible to cell death, suggesting it as a promising target for drug development.
Terraxy, a KAUST spinout, has secured $3 million in funding to scale its desert greening technology, which can deliver up to 70% improvement in plant growth and yield. The investment will support the establishment of a commercial facility in Al Zulfi and enable the deployment of its proprietary soil enhancer, Carbosoil.
The research presents a novel system, RAMRS, that combines robot-assisted osteotomy and augmented reality-guided reconstruction to improve accuracy and efficiency in complex maxillofacial surgeries. The system achieves significant reductions in errors compared to traditional methods, making it a major step forward for the field.
Researchers analyzed cloud and rainwater samples collected over 19 summers at Mount Washington, revealing that rainfall history impacts air pollution as much as wind direction. The study provides a valuable tool for meteorologists to improve predictions over complex terrains, with implications for waterways fed from the mountains.
A landmark collaboration between the University of Reading and Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust developed an AI forecasting tool predicting staff resignations. The tool highlights specific factors driving an individual's risk of leaving, enabling HR teams to intervene early.
The new hydrogel features ultra-high stretchability, excellent crack resistance, and strong self-adhesion, making it a promising candidate for wearable sensing devices. It delivers steady electrical signals when detecting movements of fingers, wrists, elbows, and knees.
A team at the University of Basel has developed a modular nanorobot with propulsion and payload modules that can be used in medicine to deliver active substances to specific locations in the body. The technology also has potential applications in industry and environmental technology.
The study found that gestational exposure to 10 classes of priority chemicals was associated with differences in gestational age at birth and lower birth weight-for-gestational age z scores. Reducing exposure to these chemicals could promote healthy deliveries and better child outcomes.
PolyGenie facilitates the analysis, exploration, and reuse of genomic data by the research community. The platform demonstrates its capabilities using data from the GCAT cohort, revealing over 200,000 potential associations between genetic risk and health-related characteristics.
Researchers developed a black phosphorus-based all-fiber photonic artificial intelligence diagnostic platform, achieving 246-fold energy efficiency gains. The system achieved 95.0% accuracy in retinal detachment detection and 97.6% specificity in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.
New research found that GLP-1 RA users showed weaker associations between impulsivity and violent crime, suggesting these medications may lessen risk factors. The study analyzed data from a US survey of adults who used GLP-1 medications.
A new study uses AI to identify promising chemical compounds that could develop into effective antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The approach has the potential to address the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance in this fast-evolving pathogen.
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends colonoscopy as the strongest screening option for colorectal cancer due to its ability to detect early cancers and remove precancerous polyps. Stool tests are a reasonable alternative when colonoscopy is not available, but abnormal results must be followed by a colonoscopy.
A novel rehabilitation system connects therapists and patients through robotic exoskeletons, enabling real-time adaptation and personalized care. Stroke survivors who used the system demonstrated improved joint range of motion, longer and higher steps, and high levels of motivation.
Researchers found that long-term temperature changes in the Atlantic Ocean are primarily driven by human emissions, while those in the Pacific are largely due to natural internal ocean variability. This discovery could help inform infrastructure planning and reduce risks to coastal communities.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem discovered a surprising bias in non-conscious processing: negative spoken words are less likely to reach conscious awareness than neutral ones. This challenges traditional assumptions about how emotional information gains access to conscious awareness.
A public-private partnership between Sandia National Laboratories and Quantinuum has achieved significant milestones in developing fault-tolerant quantum computing. The collaboration's 98-qubit commercial system, Helios, demonstrated very high fidelity in operations involving one or two qubits.
A new study has found that kneecap resurfacing during total knee replacement is likely to be the most cost-effective approach for patients and healthcare systems over the long term. The study, which followed over 1,700 patients for 20 years, showed that resurfacing the kneecap produced more health benefits than not doing so.
A new 8-year field study found that biochar's benefits in improving soil fertility and nutrient availability were short-lived, lasting only 3-5 years. Biochar application rates can affect its persistence, with moderate rates offering the best balance between effectiveness and duration.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. The redesignation aims to improve global pediatric cancer outcomes and expand access to quality care for children worldwide.
The University of Michigan has successfully implanted the first-in-human Paradromics wireless brain-computer interface, designed to restore communication for patients with difficulty speaking. The clinical trial will focus on the device's long-term safety and assess its ability to restore communication through synthesized text and speech.
A new perspective paper argues that current public health recommendations focus on preventing deficiency rather than maximizing long-term health. The study recommends higher levels of exercise and protein intake to maintain physical and cognitive function as people age.
A new study from Michigan State University found that taking hormone pills in the form of oral contraceptives increases binge eating, but not all women are at risk. The study tracked 422 women and found that emotional eating significantly increased when women were taking active versus inactive pills.
A study found that people tend to focus on their personal outcome instead of comparing themselves to others when making status decisions involving health. In non-health situations, participants preferred to come out ahead of others, but this changed once health information was introduced, shifting them towards choosing what was best fo...
The PAISES-6G project aims to design secure, intelligent, and respectful 6G networks that integrate sensing capability and use artificial intelligence for cybersecurity. It focuses on three pillars: preventive AI, quantum security, and mechanisms for secure data sharing.
Researchers unveil a rigorous framework to fix global forest carbon credit systems, addressing methodological defects and promoting biodiversity conservation. The new standards aim to produce high-integrity climate assets while safeguarding community interests.
A study of over 3,200 emergency department patients across the US found that nearly all participants were aware of influenza vaccination, but 58.4% had not received a flu vaccine within the past year. Among those who declined vaccination, fear of side effects and lack of information were common concerns.
A new study by HKUST found that urbanization and anthropogenic heat are amplifying regional climate effects, increasing temperatures and altering atmospheric circulation to lead to more frequent and intense rainfall events. The research highlights the crucial role of the GBA's coastal setting in enhancing these impacts.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that pregnant women are exposed to dozens of everyday chemicals, including phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can impact how early a child is born or a child’s weight at birth. The research linked certain chemical exposures to earlier delivery and lower birth weight.
A new study reveals how iron minerals trigger the release of potent greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide from paddy soils during flooding. Microbial communities then drive further decomposition, leading to a net decrease in overall carbon stability.
A pilot clinical trial found that adding probiotics to standard care reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults with moderate depression. However, probiotics did not confer clear additional gains in quality of life compared to a placebo.
The review assesses MOFs' potential in managing strategic gases like CO₂, CH₄, and H₂. MOFs possess exceptional tunability and unique attributes that enable significant CO₂ uptakes, high methane storage capacities, and impressive hydrogen volumetric densities.
A new WTRS scale captures how strongly people believe smoking should be restricted in public settings, with support increasing steadily over time, particularly in indoor spaces. The study supports the long-standing public health strategy of reducing smoking by shifting social norms around secondhand smoke exposure.
Researchers discovered that common molecular effects occur across different genetic mutations in autism, particularly during early brain development. These findings could lead to stage-specific and sex-specific therapeutic approaches for early intervention.
A pair of grants aims to simplify wildlife management by integrating multiple species into a single plan, reducing redundancies and expanding effectiveness. The research focuses on managing entire ecosystems rather than individual species, using technologies like monitoring tools and multi-objective optimization.
Researchers at Niigata University have uncovered a new function of APP, promoting lysosomal exocytosis to expel damaged nuclear material and protect neurons from damage. Reduced APP levels or mutations associated with familial AD led to accumulation of nuclear waste, triggering neuroinflammation and cell death.
A systematic review of over 100 studies found that social determinants of health, such as stress, trauma, and poverty, affect brain changes linked to schizophrenia. The study suggests that understanding these environmental factors can lead to improved and targeted clinical interventions.
A new study from the University of Surrey investigated infant sleep cycle development using actigraphy data, revealing rhythmic patterns of inactivity in infants as young as three months old. The study found that cycles of inactivity lengthen with age, with breastfed infants showing longer cycles compared to non-breastfed infants.
A study by the US Smithsonian Institution and UB reveals that reducing single-use plastic is essential for protecting Chesapeake Bay. Floating litter accumulates in tidal marshes, degrading environmental health and affecting local wildlife and ecological processes.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a way to achieve simultaneous high strength and plasticity in cobalt aluminum (CoAl) intermetallics. This is achieved through the introduction of dislocations and amorphous interfaces, which enable the materials to withstand extreme forces without fracturing.
Landsat 10 will process up to 1.8 gigabits of compressed data per second, capturing detailed images of the Earth's surface with unmatched radiometric precision. SwRI is developing control technology and operational simulators to regulate instrument temperature and position camera mirrors.
A new study reveals that thawing permafrost can intensify rock weathering, consuming CO₂ and offsetting river CO₂ emissions. In some regions, this geological carbon uptake partially or fully offsets emissions, with estimated offsets ranging from 35% to over 100%.
Researchers found mycorrhizal fungi in desert moss, unlike those found in less harsh conditions, suggesting a deliberate relationship. The discovery could rewrite moss biology and offer clues about the origins of life on land.
Researchers found that Ebola virus can persist in cerebral organoids for up to 120 days, infecting various cell types, including neurons and astrocytes. The virus can trigger local inflammation and lead to disease relapses in survivors, highlighting the need for improved treatments.
Researchers have identified an experimental molecule called OLE that can restore part of the brain's protective function against Alzheimer's disease. The compound helps microglia enclose and contain beta-amyloid plaques, reducing their size and toxicity.
Astronomers have discovered a galaxy cluster in the distant universe that is more mature than expected, with unprecedented mass concentration toward its center. The James Webb Space Telescope images reveal strong gravitational lensing effects, providing valuable insights into dark matter distribution and cosmological models.
Scientists have identified the Yucatan Peninsula as the origin of modern cotton, tracing back its lineage to a diverse population native to Mexico. The study reveals that domestication led to a genetic bottleneck, narrowing the gene pool in successive generations.
The study found that antigenically drifted viruses caused substantial morbidity and mortality, but vaccines reduced risk of influenza among vaccinated individuals. Recommended antivirals remained effective in treating the virus.
A recent analysis found that rural US Veterans with serious mental illness (SMI) are more likely to have co-occurring conditions but less likely to receive SMI care. Rural Veterans also face challenges in accessing telehealth and multidisciplinary care.
A recent study published in JAMA found that prone positioning in infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis receiving high-flow nasal cannula support did not significantly reduce escalation of care. The study suggests that further research is warranted due to the wide confidence interval around the observed odds ratio.
Researchers designed artificial proteins that simultaneously form pentagonal and hexagonal arrangements to create virus-like structures. These structures can stably carry drugs, genetic materials, and enzymes within their interior space.
Satellite remote sensing allows researchers to monitor water quality by tracking changes in light spectrum, identifying nutrients in the water. This technology holds promise for studying global river health and detecting toxic algal blooms that can shut down water treatment plants.
A Harvard-led team has demonstrated synthesizing 64 distinct DNA sequences on a silicon chip in parallel using a water-based enzymatic process. This breakthrough sets a new benchmark for parallel DNA synthesis and paves the way for smaller, safer, and more accessible DNA-writing instruments.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health discovered that a common yeast called Rhodotorula taiwanensis can lure and trap the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, the principal malaria-transmitting mosquito in Africa. The yeast's blend of scent chemicals attracts mosquitoes via their sense of smell, primarily through odoran...
A new culturomics-driven biobank, the Microbial Biobank of Acid Mine Drainage (mbAMD), has been established to decode the survival secrets of extreme acid mine drainage microbes. The collection contains 652 isolates spanning 42 species, including 21 novel taxa, and covers 86.7 percent of the global AMD core microbiome.
A study by researchers at Kyushu University suggests that continuous parameters in quantum gravity may not be freely adjustable, but rather emerge from operators within the theory. The findings support Einstein's century-old claim about the fundamental laws of nature and have implications for our understanding of quantum gravity.
The new superconducting TES array spectrometer at BESSY II offers unparalleled efficiency in detecting X-ray photons, enabling research on atomically thin layers and highly diluted samples. This breakthrough complements existing techniques like ARPES, providing new insights into molecular chemistry and quantum properties.
Insilico Medicine has completed the first-in-human dosing of its AI-driven NLRP3 inhibitor ISM8969 in a phase I clinical study. The trial achieved its first clinical milestone with partner Hygtia Therapeutics, evaluating the safety and efficacy of the treatment for chronic neuroinflammation.