A recent study reveals that confinement can enhance enzyme intrinsic activity through enthalpy effect and entropy effect, promoting improved preorganization of the active site. This effect has been observed in two model systems, BSLA and PETase, suggesting potential universality.
Globally, meningitis resulted in over 259,000 deaths and 2.5 million infections in 2023, according to a comprehensive study. The disease disproportionately affects low-income countries, particularly in Africa, where air pollution, premature birth, and low birthweight are major risk factors for death.
A new study from Tulane University found that women with high predicted cardiovascular risk face nearly double the risk of hip fracture. The association was stronger in women under 65, and higher cardiovascular risk was linked to fractures in weakened bones in major areas.
A new study published in the journal Nutrients found that the traditional WHO body mass index (BMI) classification system misidentifies significant numbers of people as having overweight or obesity. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), researchers showed that more than one-third of those with obesity defined by BMI were actual...
A new study published in mBio describes the unique relationship between diatoms and a newly identified species of marine bacteria. When diatom growth ceases, the bacteria become aggressive, releasing compounds that damage the algae and then feeding on them. In nutrient-rich environments, the bacteria can overcome the diatom's defenses.
Researchers developed a new type of engineered biochar that can deliver oxygen in a controlled and stable way, overcoming limitations of current materials. The phosphate-modified biochar demonstrated strong environmental adaptability, making it suitable for complex natural environments.
A global analysis reveals that microbial communities play a decisive role in determining biochar's carbon storage potential. Biochar increases soil organic carbon by an average of 52.4%, but its effectiveness varies depending on the composition of soil microbial communities and environmental conditions.
A new review highlights biochar's potential to reverse land degradation, improve soil health, and support sustainable agriculture in arid regions. Biochar can increase crop yields, reduce erosion risks, and enhance soil resilience, while also contributing to global carbon sequestration efforts.
Researchers documented new habits and habitats for current Nautilus and Allonautilus species, revealing they live in deeper water than their extinct cousins and scavenge food constantly. A new population of Allonautilus was found off New Britain, thriving due to hunting restrictions inspired by research efforts.
The International Society for Stem Cell Research has named Stem Cell Reports as the official conference journal for the Latest Advances in Stem Cell-Based Disease Modelling and Drug Screening meeting. The journal will focus on high-impact research spanning basic discovery to clinical translation in stem cell science.
A recent study found that temperature fluctuations over time, rather than just extreme temperatures, affect mussel health. Researchers exposed mussels to varying temperature regimens and discovered distinct responses even when average temperatures were the same.
A $2M USDA grant funds research on bird flu's infectivity in the air, with goals of preventing or mitigating future outbreaks. Nonthermal plasma technology has been shown to deactivate airborne virus particles.
A new study by Stanford University reveals that Antarctic sea ice extent grew for decades until 2016, when it declined abruptly due to the release of accumulated ocean heat. The researchers used data from autonomous floats in the global Argo array to analyze the relationship between wind-driven upwelling and sea ice variability.
UT's latest AAAS Fellows are Brad Binder, Jennifer DeBruyn, and Elisabeth Schussler, recognized for their contributions to biochemistry, environmental microbiology, and ecology. Their work addresses pressing issues like plant stress, decomposition, and sustainability.
Researchers identify gut-derived cells as key initiators of autoimmune neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. The study reveals that intestinal epithelial cells upregulate antigen presentation pathways, leading to the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells that migrate to the CNS.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method to understand protein motion, which can aid in designing effective drugs and treatments for cancer. By analyzing natural fluctuations in proteins, scientists can predict larger motions and improve drug design.
Researchers at King's College London have developed a new brain organoid system that reduces variability and allows for longer-term recordings of neural activity. The approach enables the simultaneous study of multiple parallel cultures, providing a better understanding of how drugs or gene variants affect neural networks.
The Mount Sinai team developed Biomni-AD, an AI-powered 'co-scientist' that reduces time required to generate scientific insights from complex biomedical data. The platform has already identified robust biological signals and helped prioritize promising drug targets with greater speed and confidence.
Researchers have developed a new system to map gene expression across whole mouse bodies, providing a toolkit for studying molecular and cellular processes. The technique allows for the analysis of inflammation in every cell type and organ tissue, paving the way for a 'virtual mouse' model that could be used for research.
The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center has been awarded a $3 million National Cancer Institute Career Development Award to support early-career oncology researchers focused on improving cancer outcomes for patients from diverse backgrounds. The program, called Advancing Oncology Research C...
Researchers have uncovered evidence of tetrataenite, a hard magnetic mineral, in lunar soil returned from the South Pole-Aitken Basin. The discovery provides fresh insights into the formation and evolution of magnetic anomalies on the Moon's surface.
A team of researchers from Spanish universities has found a remarkably well-preserved 3,500-year-old loom that provides new insights into the textile revolution during the European Bronze Age. The loom's wooden structure and components made from wood and plant fibers have allowed the researchers to accurately determine how it worked.
A new doctoral thesis explores how companies and users collaborate to establish norms and values on social media. Anna Granstedt's findings reveal that ethics on social media is a dynamic process influenced by company communication, user reactions, and platform algorithms.
The University of Gothenburg has secured funding to preserve Lennart Nilsson's archive, containing a life's work that transformed how we understand the human body, science, and photography in society. The archive will be made accessible for research and the public by 2029.
A new study reveals that women excel in aligning confidence with correctness, particularly in fluid intelligence tests. The research challenges long-held assumptions about gender differences, suggesting that efforts should focus on encouraging greater self-awareness and calibrated confidence among men.
The government has introduced new guidelines on screen time for young children, developed in partnership with experts from the University of East London. The guidelines suggest simple swaps to help families build healthy habits from an early age, including limiting screen time to one hour a day for 2- to 5-year-olds.
The study reveals that peri-urban agriculture is key to urban resilience and calls for an urgent shift in planning policies. Agricultural land losses are driven by urban expansion, real estate speculation, and low profitability.
Researchers propose a new framework for jointly optimizing coverage, connectivity, and cost in laser power-beaming networks. The team's terrain-aware approach advances system-level design of laser power-beaming networks for extreme exploration tasks in the Moon's permanently shadowed regions.
A research team from Dresden analyzes risks in human-AI interactions and makes recommendations for manufacturers and regulatory evaluators. The authors identify seven key risks, including increased likelihood of misunderstood outputs, miscalibrated trust, and automation bias.
Researchers developed AI models to analyze conversations between children with cancer and their caregivers, detecting severe symptoms that require extra support. More complex prompting strategies outperformed simpler ones in accurately identifying symptom severity and its impact.
Recent ESA research studies explore supply and demand of bird migration routes, scavenging by mid-sized carnivores, and polar bear adaptation to a thawing Arctic. A new metric compares bird demand with habitat supply to assess stopover sites along migratory routes.
A new study led by University of Iowa Health Care researchers found that TENS reduced movement-evoked pain and fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia, with effects lasting for at least six months. The treatment was also shown to be safe, effective, inexpensive, and readily available.
Researchers from the University of Warsaw and other institutions created optical tornadoes by combining spatially variable birefringence with an optical microcavity. This allows for the creation of miniature light sources with complex structures, potentially enabling simpler and more scalable photonic devices.
Researchers developed a novel Hybrid Optical Diffractive Neural Network (H-ODNN) with variable neuron sizes to overcome fabrication flaws and alignment errors. The architecture matches or surpasses vaccinated networks' performance without re-training, significantly reducing development time and increasing production yields.
Researchers have discovered a tumor biomarker that can predict which gastric cancer patients will benefit from immunotherapy before surgery. The biomarker, tsMHC-II expression, showed strong correlation with treatment response and was easily assessable using standard immunohistochemistry techniques.
Researchers discovered an unusual interfacial layer that promotes higher growth rates by adsorbing carbon dioxide molecules. The study aims to explore larger hydrate structures for technology development and address real-world problems such as CO2 containment and water desalination.
The choice of crystal facet affects the ease of obtaining two-dimensional halide perovskites. The (111) facet offers a more feasible exfoliation route, resulting in direct bandgaps and superior visible-light absorption. This work provides a theoretical roadmap for high-performance Pb-free 2D perovskite devices.
Marie Soulière, Frontiers' Head of Editorial Ethics and Quality Assurance, has been elected as a Trustee of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). She brings expertise in rigorous editorial practices, integrity, and transparency to COPE.
Researchers compared commercial PlanetBasemap data to a public data set from the United States Geological Survey and found that higher-resolution imagery detects more small bodies of water. However, in seasons with high vegetation, public data excels at detecting water hidden beneath forest cover.
A team of researchers at Harbin Institute of Technology has developed a method to efficiently melt lunar regolith using microwave energy, eliminating the need for susceptor materials. The approach enhances electric field strength and uses compressed waveguide design to focus microwave energy, achieving thermal runaway in just 420 seconds.
Researchers at the University of Seville have found that cooking methods significantly impact the bioavailability of carotenoids in tomatoes and carrots. Oven cooking increased carotenoid availability ninefold for carrots, while air frying and oven cooking resulted in high values for tomatoes.
Recent progress in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has improved color purity and efficiency, with red and green devices achieving efficiencies comparable to commercial OLEDs. However, significant challenges remain, including improving blue device performance and addressing lead toxicity concerns.
Researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo discovered a unique mechanism in which conventional stem cells can temporarily switch into a specialized regenerative state called revival stem cells, driving tissue repair. This process, known as fetal reversion, enables efficient regeneration without exhausting the stem cell pool.
Researchers are developing snail-inspired soft robots to deliver targeted therapy directly to tumor sites in bowel cancer patients. The robots aim to increase drug bioavailability and reduce off-target toxicity., Transforming colorectal cancer treatment by enabling precise drug release at tumour sites.
Foreign direct investment's benefits are not consistent and depend on alignment of factors. The study suggests that existing theories may not fully capture the complexity of today's global investment landscape.
Researchers have developed a platform that integrates physics, chemistry, and medicine to revolutionize the delivery of light-based cancer therapies using liposomes. The new technology improves treatment effectiveness while reducing side effects, offering hope for patients with cancer.
A new model, Xi–αNET, explains how brain structure and signal conduction speed shape alpha waves and background activity. The study found that faster conduction speeds in younger individuals correspond to higher alpha frequencies, while slower conduction speeds in older adults lead to declining alpha frequencies.
A new survey by Physicians Committee finds that most Americans support workers' right to strike, with 71% in favor. Younger generations favor plant-based protein production and oppose targeting migrant meatpackers for immigration enforcement.
The Hybrid Oxygenation Bioelectronics system, or HOBIT, shields cells from the immune system while providing access to oxygen and nutrients. The compact device supports higher cell densities in a smaller space, enabling the production of multiple biologic molecules simultaneously.
Exposure to terahertz radiation induces significant changes in purine metabolism, pantothenate/CoA biosynthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Gene network analysis reveals associations with membrane raft reorganization and receptor-mediated signaling involving epidermal growth factor receptor and G-protein subunits.
A study estimated income losses from individual perspectives in Denmark from 2000 to 2023 after hospital diagnoses of depression, alcohol use disorder, stroke, and breast cancer. The researchers found that income losses were largest for mental disorders, with average losses growing over time, particularly among younger individuals.
A study of over 2,300 North Carolina women with ovarian cancer found that both quick and delayed diagnoses had worse survival rates than those diagnosed in the middle. Considering patient severity may improve outcomes for some symptomatic patients.
Researchers analyzed genetic data from nearly 94,000 participants in UCLA's ATLAS Biobank, highlighting new connections between genes, disease risk and medicine response. The study found that genetics can predict how well patients respond to GLP-1 drugs for weight loss purposes, with varying response rates across ancestry groups.
A new system generates oxygen, sustaining drug-producing cells for weeks. The device, called HOBIT, integrates engineered cells with oxygen-producing bioelectronics, producing three different biologics in a small animal model.
Recent studies published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine have made significant advancements in the field. Researchers have developed a new tracer to detect active collagen turnover following myocardial infarction and evaluated folate-based radioconjugates for ovarian cancer imaging. Additionally, targeted radiotherapy shows promise ...
The Accelerating Cancer Cures Research Symposium brings together Damon Runyon scientists and industry partners to foster communication and collaboration. The symposium features updates on research aimed at developing more precise targeted therapies for cancer treatment.
A new study by UC San Francisco reveals that aging lung tissue can lead to catastrophic immune dysregulation, causing elderly individuals to become severely ill. The research suggests that targeting the damaged spiral of inflammaging could provide a promising therapeutic target for treating age-related respiratory diseases.
Researchers propose a novel molecular system to address surface defects and suppress ion migration in perovskite solar cells. The dual-functional molecule, [12]-C-4POR, traps specific ions with its cyclic binding sites, enhancing device stability and performance.
A study from the Ragon Institute reveals how a live bacterial therapy works to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) and why it works better for some women than others. The therapy, LACTIN-V, was found to successfully colonize the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus crispatus in 30% of women, leading to improved vaginal health.
Researchers developed an innovative colloidal chemistry strategy to enhance the performance of all-perovskite tandem solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 29.76%. The unified carboxylate-based modulator system regulates nucleation dynamics, suppressing phase segregation and promoting uniform crystal growth.
Researchers at Northumbria University used the James Webb Space Telescope to map Saturn's auroral region, revealing a complex pattern of heating and cooling. The findings show that Saturn's aurora is not just a visual display but actively heats its atmosphere, driving winds that generate electrical currents.
A York University-led study finds that higher education is strongly associated with cultural values typical of 'WEIRD' societies. The research analyzed data from nearly 270,000 people across 95 countries and found that highly-educated individuals were significantly closer to Western cultural norms.
The FDA has approved a gene therapy for severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I, a rare genetic condition that affects one in a million children globally. The therapy, Kresladi, has been shown to significantly reduce severe infections and improve immune function in treated patients.
A previously unknown harvestman species has been found in Eocene amber deposits in Ukraine and the Baltic region. The fossil, named Balticolasma wunderlichi, reveals a highly ornamented body with lattice-like appendages and complex mouthparts, challenging current knowledge of species distribution.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discovered that skin stem cells possess a remarkable form of inflammatory memory that can last over a year. This finding has implications for understanding how repeated inflammation affects skin aging and disease susceptibility. The study used MSK-IMPACT, a tumor sequencing test, to...
Higher left atrial end-systolic dimension and left ventricular mass are associated with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes, including mortality, cardiovascular disease, dementia, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Lifestyle changes and heart-healthy habits can help maintain optimal values of these measurements.
Researchers have developed a lead-free quantum dot glass that improves photoluminescent performance and stability, achieving a quantum yield of 43.45% after 450 days in hot and humid conditions. The material enables durable anti-counterfeiting optical codes and reliable solid-state lighting components.
A new study proposes a learning architecture that integrates educational philosophy with AI-driven design, aiming to transform assessment into an ongoing process of reflection. The system prioritizes human judgment and interpretation over standardized metrics, enabling educators to build adaptive and interpretable feedback systems.
Researchers have identified TIE2 as a crucial link between two signaling pathways that drive the growth of blood vessel abnormalities in the brain. Inhibiting TIE2 with a small drug called rebastinib may provide an endothelial cell-centered approach to prevent CCMs, which can cause brain hemorrhages and seizures.
The BiliSeq test detected approximately 82% of bile duct cancers, compared to 44% with pathology alone, and increased cancer detection to nearly 90% when combined with pathology. This improved accuracy enables physicians to provide more personalized medicine and treatment options for patients.
New research from the University of East London suggests that machine learning can improve the accuracy and nuance of personality tests like DISC assessment. Using over 1,000 participants, researchers achieved accuracy rates of over 93% in predicting personality types and identified four clear clusters with subtle overlaps.
A comparative study examines the effectiveness of guselkumab versus golimumab in treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. The results indicate that guselkumab may improve morbidity and health-related quality of life, but there is no clinically relevant benefit compared to standard treatment.
The International Centre for UNESCO Associated Schools Network (ICUA) will host the UNESCO ASPnet Global Meeting in Sanya, Hainan Province, highlighting China's advances in education. The meeting focuses on peer learning and field-tested solutions to transform education globally.
A review highlights the importance of healthy lifestyles in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Adhering to optimal lifestyle factors, such as a heart-healthy diet, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep, can dramatically lower disease incidence.
A new study in China finds that onetime lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can significantly reduce lung cancer mortality in a non–risk based population, including individuals with no smoking history. The findings support reconsideration of current eligibility criteria.
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics introduced a novel method to stabilize Fe oxide catalysts using ceria surface overlayers, promoting the formation of active Fe3O4 and suppressing over-reduction. This approach enhances stability compared to traditional industrial catalysts.
A team of Chinese researchers found that façade-integrated photovoltaics can generate substantial electricity while reducing cooling demand, thereby reducing carbon emissions and improving urban climate adaptation. FIPV adoption could lead to meaningful economic and climate gains worldwide.
The UNESCO ASPnet Global National Coordinators Meeting will bring together educators and experts to discuss pressing global education priorities. The meeting aims to enhance national coordinators' operational capacity and scale effective education innovations through peer learning and practical empowerment.
A team of researchers has proposed an integrated detection system for high-precision atmospheric characterization and resource utilization on Venus. The system combines gas filtration, enrichment, and spectroscopic analysis to detect trace gases and their isotopic signatures, overcoming the challenges posed by sulfuric acid clouds.
Researchers found that two species of ticks, Gulf Coast and lone star, can live at least one week and up to three weeks on hard-surface and carpeted floors. The study emphasizes the importance of taking protective measures to prevent tick bites.
Research finds global hotspots of plant invasion risk will shift geographically, with temperate regions facing increasing risks, while subtropical areas may see declining risks. The study projects significant changes in alien species composition and expected impacts on native biota and human well-being.
A study found significant CD39 expression on CD4+ T-cells in HIV/HCV coinfected patients, with a negative correlation between CD39 positivity and pro-inflammatory chemokines. This suggests that CD39-positive T-cells play a role in controlling purinergic signaling in these patients.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis complicated by acute respiratory failure. The model demonstrated strong discrimination for predicting mortality, with key variables including oxygenation indices, serum albumin levels, and disease severity scores.
The new guideline focuses on lowering elevated LDL cholesterol levels and emphasizes the importance of earlier screenings, especially for those with a family history of heart disease. It also encourages more personalized risk estimations to support shared decision-making between clinicians and patients.
Researchers at Kobe University have discovered a region beneath the Kikai caldera in Japan that is filled with magma, which they believe is newly injected magma. This finding allows them to propose a general model for how magma reservoirs under caldera volcanoes refill, potentially improving our ability to predict future giant eruptions.
A new tool developed by UCL researchers can identify diet and nutrition misinformation, as well as its risk for potential harm. The tool assesses the content's risk based on factors like inaccuracy, hazardous omissions, and manipulative framing.
A major population study found that delirium during hospital admission is associated with a markedly increased likelihood of future dementia across all levels of pre-existing health. In individuals with few long-term conditions, delirium was linked to a three-fold higher risk of developing dementia and substantially increased mortality.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that a brief spike in testosterone after birth causes muscle-wasting disease to develop decades later. Treating the disease at birth significantly reduced nerve cell breakdown in adult mice.
The BMW Group Change Maker Fellowship supports future leaders in shaping digital transformation, combining technology with leadership skills. Candidates from countries with BMW IT hubs are eligible, with a focus on quantitative or tech-focused backgrounds.
TUM researchers have identified the microscopic causes of instability in perovskite solar cells and developed a strategy to prevent degradation through temperature swings. They discovered that a 'burn-in' phase triggers early loss of relative performance, but using special organic molecules as spacers can stabilize the material.
Researchers surveyed schoolchildren about play and identified universal elements that contribute to 'good' play. High levels of accessibility and a sense of 'play feeling' were often present in enjoyable experiences, while factors like social inclusion, imagination, and transgression also played a role.
A team of researchers, led by Felicity Newell, tracked over 8,000 birds in Peru's cloud forests and found that breeding times vary significantly due to changing environmental conditions. The results suggest a more complex response to climate change than previously thought.
Researchers at Singapore Management University have developed VISTA, an AI system that embeds socially grounded values into the decision-making process of large language models. The system aims to ensure AI trustworthiness and accountability by monitoring and regulating AI behavior in real-time.