A recent US study found that parents' income and education significantly influence their teenager's likelihood of smoking. Adolescents from lower-income families, with less-educated parents, face a higher risk of smoking. The study suggests that tailoring smoking cessation programs for adults with low incomes or educational levels coul...
A study by Andrew Steptoe and colleagues found that lower-level civil servants showed higher biological stress responses, including heart rate and cortisol levels, compared to their high-status counterparts. The study suggests that the experience of lower social status may trigger these responses.
A study found that HIV-positive individuals are more likely to engage in undisclosed, unprotected sex, particularly with gay or bisexual men. The lack of disclosure is attributed to high prevalence and awareness of HIV in the gay community, as well as stigma surrounding HIV positivity.
A survey of 793 physicians found that doctors identified smoking status at 81% of visits but only provided counseling to quit 23% of the time. The study also found that geography and race played a role in whether smokers received counseling, with rural and southern physicians less likely to provide guidance.
A study found that race has a powerful effect on children's perceptions of occupation status, with African American children rating jobs performed by whites as higher in status. This impact was observed even among children from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
Smoking prevalence varies significantly among immigrant groups and countries of origin. Native-born respondents had higher smoking rates than foreign-born respondents. Including findings on country of origin can enhance the development of culturally sensitive smoking cessation programs.
A recent study published in the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics suggests that bedwetting may be associated with low socioeconomic status in children. The research found that almost 39% of children with bedwetting problems came from low socioeconomic backgrounds, compared to 23% of non-bedwetters.
Researchers found that oxytocin and estrogen receptor genes play a crucial role in social recognition in female mice. Female mice lacking these genes failed to recognize normal females after repeated introductions, indicating a 'micronet' necessary for complex behavior.
Researchers examined 945 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and found that social support levels had little impact on rehab participation. Patients who participated in rehab were younger, better educated, more often worked, and less financially strained, but these factors alone could explain the difference.
A study by Shortt and Shaw found no correlation between socioeconomic status and waiting times for elective surgical procedures. The authors suggest that health reforms should track trends in service delivery to vulnerable groups, highlighting the need for equity in healthcare.
Research found that children from low socioeconomic backgrounds experienced poorer cardiovascular health and higher rates of adult periodontal disease in adulthood. Upward mobility during childhood did not reverse negative health outcomes associated with a poor environment.
Williams College researcher Dr. Fein has received a $240,455 NSF grant to investigate the links between social context, physiological arousal, and cognitive appraisals in relation to student underperformance. The research team will include experts from education, neuroscience, health, cognitive psychology, and social psychology.
A study in southern India found that selling a kidney led to a decline in economic and health status for the seller, with only 14% experiencing no negative effects. The findings contradict arguments in favor of financial incentives, suggesting they may deter organ donations instead.
The American Sociological Association asserts that measuring race is essential for understanding its role in shaping social definitions, power relationships, and institutional practices. Despite biological research questioning its utility, sociologists argue that racial categories persist and influence daily life.
The Hartford Doctoral Fellows program aims to ensure a pool of trained and skilled geriatric social workers by recruiting, sustaining, and training talented doctoral students. The program is designed to produce tomorrow's social work faculty, with over 600,000 practicing social workers in the US requiring geriatric knowledge.
A recent study by Emory University Health Sciences Center found that lower levels of social capital are associated with higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases. The research, which analyzed data from 48 US states, discovered that social capital is a significant predictor of infectious diseases including AIDS and STDs.
The ASU School of Social Work has received a $1.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to strengthen and expand social work research on drug use. The consortium, led by Flavio Francisco Marsiglia, will focus on historical cultures of the Southwest and community-based needs assessments.
A study of nearly 2,000 Asian immigrants found that hypertension rates rise with duration of residence in North America. Immigrants who lived for four or fewer years had a prevalence below 3%, while those living ten or more years had over 13%.
The Hartford Geriatric Social Work Faculty Scholars Program aims to train and research specialists in geriatric social work, addressing the growing needs of an aging population. The program supports ten faculty scholars over two years, providing institutes, workshops, and research projects focused on improving healthcare outcomes.
A study by Professors Ash Amin and Ray Hudson reveals that the UK's social economy faces significant challenges in addressing social exclusion, with only 3% of organizations operating without public funds. The research highlights the importance of non-transferable place-specific factors in determining success.
The study uses DNA microarray analysis to predict estrogen receptor status and lymph node involvement in breast tumors. This technique holds promise for improved clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies, potentially obviating the need for extensive surgery.
A new study suggests that Asian Americans' higher anxiety scores on social phobia and anxiety tests may be a result of their culturally adaptive sensitivity in social situations. The researchers found that perceptions about norms were not related to the anxiety inventory scores among white Americans, but were related to those among Asi...
Family physicians face barriers to discussing resuscitation orders with patients, including personal discomfort and fear of damaging relationships. Despite being ideally situated for these discussions, recognizing these barriers is necessary to improve communication and self-awareness.
Patients with generalized social phobia can benefit from long-term sertraline HCl treatment to prevent relapse and reduce symptoms. The study found that continued use of sertraline significantly reduced the risk of relapse compared to placebo, while also improving quality of life.
A study by Dr. Elizabeth Goodman found a significant association between socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms, obesity, and poorer ratings of overall health among teenagers. The research examined data from over 15,000 surveys and found that lower socioeconomic status was linked to higher rates of these chronic illnesses.
A recent study found that older adults with strong social connections have lower blood pressure and are less likely to develop heart disease. In contrast, those with low social support experience higher resting blood pressures, even at a younger age.
A study of 500 young gay men in San Francisco found that unprotected anal sex increased by a third to a half in four years. Approximately half of these cases involved partners of unknown or different HIV status.
Scientists at Emory University create transgenic mice with a prairie vole vasopressin receptor gene, showing increased social behavior and adopting gregarious behaviors. The study provides an explanation for the species difference in receptor distribution and its impact on social behavior.
The report focuses on crucial problems such as science and technology in society, development, and the environment. It examines how social sciences are organized, financed, and practiced worldwide. The World Social Science Report provides overviews of broad regions, including Latin America, Southern Asia, and Africa.
Researchers found that common spaces with trees and grass promote stronger neighborhood social ties, more social activities, and a sense of belonging among residents. The addition of simple landscaping may support informal forms of social security.
Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit greater cardiovascular responses to stress, leading to larger left ventricles and increased heart disease risk. The study found differing pathways for African American and white children and adolescents, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.
A recent study by Peggy McDonough and colleagues found no difference in the effects of men's and women's socioeconomic status on mortality risk. However, they discovered a new wrinkle: increasing one spouse's income affects the other's mortality risk differently for men and women.
Researchers found that heart patients with high levels of social support show fewer symptoms of depression, while those with low social support tend to have higher levels of depression. Interventions that decrease hostility and increase social support may also benefit heart disease patients.
A study of 117 women with recurrent breast or gynecological cancer found that social functioning and pain levels correlated. Maintaining physical and social abilities can help reverse the downward spiral of increasing pain, psychological symptoms, and spiritual dimensions.
Patients with long-standing Crohn disease in remission showed significant nutritional and functional deficiencies, especially in males with high prednisone doses. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive nutritional assessment over single-dimensional assessments.
A study of 40 newly diagnosed celiac disease patients found that those with total mucosal villous atrophy had lower erythrocyte folate and serum ferritin values, but no significant differences in nutritional status among other groups. After a gluten-free diet, most abnormal biochemical values normalized.
A study of 203 HIV-positive men and women found that nearly two-thirds are sexually active without disclosing their HIV status, resulting in higher rates of unprotected sex and potential transmission. Despite the risks, individuals may avoid disclosure due to fear of rejection or loss of benefits.
A lifestyle profile with low folate intakes, smoking, and high coffee consumption is associated with high plasma homocysteine levels. Folate intake, smoking status, and coffee consumption are major determinants of plasma homocysteine concentration in the general population.
Millions of Americans experience social phobia, a fear of embarrassment or disapproval in social situations, which can lead to debilitating symptoms like blushing, sweating, and nausea. Effective treatments include medications, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a combination of both.
Methylnaltrexone, a medication that blocks morphine side effects without affecting pain relief, has been granted orphan-drug status. This designation will help bring the drug to patients with cancer pain who struggle with nausea and constipation due to long-term opioid use.