Rooting out doping in racehorses
Scientists report a new detection method for identifying aromatase inhibitor use in horses, increasing chances of catching cheaters by 2-2.5 times longer than conventional methods.
American Chemical Society
Protecting workers with stiffer safety penalties
The new law allows OSHA to increase fines by 80% due to inflation, making maximum charges $12,600 for serious violations. The Departments of Justice and Labor are coupling worker safety with criminal penalties, including environmental and fraud charges.
Aluminum nanoparticles could improve electronic displays
Researchers develop aluminum nanostructure pixels using plasmon resonance to create vibrant colors across the entire visible spectrum. The new approach enables the production of high-resolution images and improved display performance.
Scientists call for new tools to explore the world's microbiomes
Scientists call for development of advanced tools in bioinformatics, high-resolution imaging and microbial sequencing to understand microbiome function. This would enable tackling medical and environmental challenges with greater agility.
Fish-flavored cat food could contribute to feline hyperthyroidism
A new study suggests that fish-flavored cat food could be a contributor to feline hyperthyroidism. The researchers found high levels of toxic compounds in cats' blood samples that likely came from their fish-flavored food. Further work is needed to clarify the link between these metabolites and the disease.
Leaf-mimicking device harnesses light to purify water
A new device mimics leaf processes to harness solar energy and purify water, offering a clean alternative to conventional methods for addressing global water shortages. The tri-layer membrane uses TiO2 nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and anodized aluminum oxide to degrade pollutants in simulated sunlight.
Devising an inexpensive, quick tuberculosis test for developing areas
A new, inexpensive, and quick method for detecting tuberculosis has been devised, using a nucleic acid amplification test on disposable electrochemical sensors. The modified test, which involves a colorimetric assay that changes to blue if the infection is present, can be performed with minimal equipment and expertise.
Solar cells that can face almost any direction and keep themselves clean
Researchers developed a glass coating that boosts solar cell efficiency by up to 27.7% and repels dust and pollution, addressing the issue of fixed panel angles and self-cleaning capabilities.
Toward roads that de-ice themselves
Researchers have developed a road material that de-ices itself by releasing de-icing salt as it wears away, potentially eliminating the need for annual salt applications. The new composite, combining potassium formate with styrene-butadiene-styrene and bitumen, significantly delays ice formation in lab studies.
'Al dente' fibers could make bulletproof vests stronger and 'greener'
Researchers have developed innovative, eco-friendly polyethylene fibers from natural fats like olive oil and peanut oil. These ultra-strong fibers can stop speeding bullets, serve as sails, ropes, and surgical sutures while minimizing environmental harm.
Toward a faster, more efficient way to sniff out explosives
Scientists have developed a new, faster way to detect explosives using quantum dots. The approach can identify five dangerous compounds, including the 'shoe bomber' Richard Reid's explosive, within 10 seconds.
Gut bacteria make pomegranate metabolites that may protect against Alzheimer's disease
Gut bacteria break down pomegranate polyphenols to produce urolithins, which are anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective compounds. These compounds reduce A\u00e0 fibrillation levels in vitro and increase lifespan of an Alzheimer's roundworm model.
A quantum spin on molecular computers
Researchers created cleverly designed molecular complexes that can store information in a quantum state, overcoming one of the biggest challenges in quantum computing. These new molecules could potentially lead to the development of functional devices and more efficient computer designs.
Coffee compounds that could help prevent type 2 diabetes identified
Researchers have identified two coffee compounds, cafestol and caffeic acid, that contribute to the health benefit of drinking three to four cups of coffee per day in preventing type 2 diabetes. Cafestol increases insulin secretion and glucose uptake in muscle cells, matching the effects of a currently prescribed antidiabetic drug.
New stretchable, wearable sensor made with chewing gum (video)
A team of researchers developed a unique sensing device using chewing gum and carbon nanotubes that can track breathing and detect humidity changes. The flexible sensor, which can withstand bending and stretching up to 530% strain, has the potential to monitor body functions around the clock.
Healthful hemp poised to grow in US
The US hemp industry is expected to grow as the country's demand for healthful foods increases, thanks to the nutritional profile of hemp. The crop contains all nine essential amino acids, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, and has been shown to have potential health benefits.
A simple, rapid test to help ensure safer meat
Scientists developed a simple method to quickly detect meat spoilage using nanotubes, providing real-time analysis and high sensitivity. The test reacts in under an hour to a teaspoon of vapor emitted by the samples, indicating freshness.
3-D printed parts from some commercial devices toxic to zebrafish embryos
A new study reveals that certain 3D printed parts are highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing lower survival rates and malformations. Treating the parts with UV light may reduce some side effects, emphasizing the need for safe disposal strategies.
Spider webs yield clues to stickier glues (video)
Researchers create synthetic adhesives that mimic the viscosity and tackiness of spider web glues, improving performance in humid environments. The study's findings suggest that adding salts to synthetic adhesives could enhance their stickiness.
Imitating synapses of the human brain could lead to smarter electronics
Scientists develop first-of-its-kind synthetic synapse that mimics the plasticity of the real thing, allowing for learning and self-healing capabilities. The novel dynamic system made from aluminum oxide and twisted bilayer graphene has the potential to aid in the development of biology-inspired electronics.
Commercial sea salt samples purchased in China contaminated with microplastics
A study by scientists has reported that commercial sea salt samples purchased in China are contaminated with microplastics, with concentrations ranging from 7 to 681 particles per kilogram. This raises potential health concerns for consumers who regularly use these salts as a seasoning.
Snake venom could make surgery safer for patients on blood thinners
Researchers developed a new therapy by pairing snake venom with nanofibers to promote localized blood clotting at wound sites. The therapy, tested on rats treated with heparin, shows promise for making surgery safer for human patients on blood thinners.
Chemical safety board could halt new investigations while it reboots
The Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) plans to put its embattled past behind it by completing six delayed reports by the end of 2015. Under new leadership, the agency aims to increase transparency and adopt a cooperative tone.
A step toward understanding how hibernation protects hearts
A team studied the proteins and genes that allow squirrels' hearts to stay healthy during winter hibernation, a phenomenon that could help researchers develop better treatments for people with cardiac disease. The study found dozens of proteins and protein signaling pathways that are expressed differently during hibernation.
Graphene could take night-vision technology beyond 'Predator'
Researchers have developed a graphene-integrated device that detects heat signatures at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. This breakthrough could lead to a more versatile thermal sensor, potentially based on a single layer of graphene, simplifying manufacturing and reducing costs.
New low-cost battery could help store renewable energy
Researchers have developed a new battery that uses low-cost materials to store renewable energy, potentially making it more affordable for homes. The battery's energy density is close to that of lithium-ion batteries, but with the potential for an additional two- to three-fold boost.
Bottle-brush design enhances cellular imaging
Researchers developed bottle-brush nanotags to enhance cellular imaging by containing thousands of fluorophores, overcoming the limit of self-quenching and amplifying signal detection. The design permits the use of different dyes, enabling a wide range of colors for these fluorescent nanotags.
Requiring drug makers to take back unused pharmaceuticals
Unused prescription drugs contribute to water pollution and drug abuse when flushed down toilets or left in medicine cabinets. Local governments are creating take-back programs to collect pharmaceuticals, requiring drug companies to install containers at pharmacies.
Paper-based test could diagnose hepatitis B and assess male fertility at low cost
A new paper device developed by scientists can rapidly and inexpensively diagnose hepatitis B and assess male fertility, making it a valuable tool for diagnosing people in low-income areas. The test, which costs less than $1 per device, can detect the hepatitis B virus in blood serum and determine sperm DNA integrity with high accuracy.
Testing for secondhand marijuana exposure
A new urine screening method can detect even small amounts of chemicals resulting from secondhand marijuana exposure, addressing the challenge of assessing health effects. The developed method is 10 to 100 times more sensitive than current tests and could be used for large-scale population studies.
Alerting the immune system's watchmen to improve vaccines
Researchers have developed a new way to enhance the effectiveness of antigen-based vaccines by mimicking the natural arrangement of multiple TLR agonists. This triply-linked activator more effectively triggers an immune response than mixing individual components, paving the way for improved vaccine design.
Chipping away at the secrets of ice formation
Researchers found that particle surfaces can impact ice crystallization and encourage different ice crystal orientations. This discovery could help improve understanding of climate science, air travel, and cryopreservation.
The dirty business of making new clothes tries to clean up
The textile industry is making efforts to clean up its act by using safer chemicals and natural alternatives, reducing water pollution caused by toxic compounds like dyes and solvents. Environmental groups are also calling for stricter practices to prevent illnesses among nearby residents and harm to local farms.
Diamonds -- a tooth's best friend?
Researchers have created a new material combining nanodiamonds, gutta-percha, and amoxicillin to strengthen root canal fillings and kill bacteria. The material shows promise in preventing re-infections and improving current therapies.
What metabolism could reveal about aging and mortality
Researchers used Caenorhabditis elegans worms to develop a method to predict lifespan based on metabolic profiles. The study found that middle age was a key turning point in aging, with normal lifespan worms aging 40% faster than long-lived counterparts at this stage.
Unique breed of investors helps universities launch start-ups
A new model of investing has been developed to help bridge the funding gap between university labs and the marketplace, with some stunning successes reported. The traditional venture capital approach doesn't provide long-term investments necessary for early research development.
Soft robot changes color as it grips and walks (video)
A new advancement in soft robotics has been reported, enabling elastic material to change color when stretched. This feature can help robots camouflage themselves, indicating areas of vulnerability, while also allowing for potential applications in medicine delivery and repair.
Parabens and their byproducts found in dolphins and other marine mammals
Researchers detected parabens and their byproducts in tissues of marine mammals like dolphins, sea otters, and polar bears. High levels were found in some species, with tens of thousands of nanograms per gram of tissue.
Portable device can quickly test for sickness-causing toxins in shellfish
A new portable device can accurately screen for marine toxins in shellfish, allowing for quick testing on boats and at remote locations. This innovation solves a pressing problem for the fishing industry, enabling safe sale and consumption of tainted shellfish.
A step toward clothing that guards against chemical warfare agents
Scientists have developed a new hydrogel coating that can neutralize both mustard gas and nerve agent VX in under 20 minutes. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of protective clothing and paints that safeguard against chemical warfare agents.
Sniffing out cancer with improved 'electronic nose' sensors
Researchers developed a small array of flexible sensors to analyze breath samples for specific compounds indicative of ovarian cancer. The system showed an 82% accuracy rate in detecting these compounds, paving the way for a potential less invasive cancer diagnosis method.
Method could make hydrogen fuel cells more efficient
Scientists have developed a method to produce a palladium-based nanomaterial that can efficiently break down formic acid into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The new process surpasses existing heterogeneous catalysts in efficiency, also eliminating the production of carbon monoxide.
Nanoparticles could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects of allergy shots
Researchers developed nanoparticles that deliver allergens to specific cells, reducing side effects. The new approach could lead to safer and more effective treatments for allergies and other conditions.
Toward tires that repair themselves (video)
Scientists have created tire-grade rubber that can heal itself, potentially extending the lifespan of tires. The material, developed by Amit Das and colleagues, heals at room temperature and can withstand stresses of up to 754 pounds per square inch.
Challenges mount for common herbicide Roundup
The WHO classified glyphosate as a probable carcinogen, but a German review found it unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk. Roundup's diminishing effectiveness has led to the development of resistance by weeds, prompting farmers to seek alternative methods and products.
The influence of citizen science grows despite some resistance
The influence of citizen science is growing, with some states actively encouraging local residents' participation in environmental monitoring. However, not all states share this enthusiasm, with laws limiting or prohibiting citizen scientists from collecting data near agricultural sites.
New approach to mammograms could improve reliability
Researchers developed a new method using gold nanoparticles to enhance mammogram imaging, improving the detection of early signs of breast cancer. The technique boosts contrast and makes microcalcifications brighter on X-rays, potentially leading to more reliable diagnosis.
How much water do US fracking operations really use?
US fracking operations consume nearly 250 billion gallons of water between 2005 and 2014, which is lower than other energy-related extraction methods. However, in drought-stricken areas, local water shortages could limit future use of hydraulic fracturing.
Unlocking secrets of how fossils form
Researchers use large-field scanning electron microscopy to analyze a shrimp fossil from Brazil's Araripe Basin, discovering rare fossilization process and fractal characteristic. The study provides new insights into the formation of ancient fossils.
Making pharmaceuticals that degrade before they can contaminate drinking water
Researchers develop a way to make drugs degrade before reaching drinking water, reducing environmental contamination. They made tweaks to propranolol, a commonly used beta blocker, allowing it to break down more easily into harmless compounds.