A low-density helium/oxygen mixture significantly reduces airflow limitations and lung dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients, allowing for a substantial increase in exercise endurance time. The study found that the duration of exercise doubled from 4.2 minutes to 9 minutes for patients breathing heliox compared to regular air.
Researchers from Rutgers University found that acetaminophen significantly reduced infarct size in treated dogs, with reductions of up to 63% compared to untreated control groups. The study also suggested anti-arrhythmic action of acetaminophen, with treated hearts appearing more stable electrically during ischemia and reperfusion.
A multi-disciplinary team at SUNY Buffalo designed fibrin gel matrix-based vessel ready for test transplantation after only two weeks in culture, exhibiting remarkable remodeling and physiological levels of blood flow. The study holds significant promise for treatment of vascular disease and as a model system to address questions with ...
Resveratrol exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in all systems examined, including laboratory cell lines and human airway epithelial cells. The compound inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators, including IL-8 and GM-CSF, which play a major role in inflammation development.
Researchers found that six days of moderate-intensity exercise improved insulin action in sedentary, overweight individuals by 40%, while traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors showed positive trends. In contrast, those who consumed sports drinks and additional food during exercise showed no significant changes or even negat...
Researchers used genetic tools to study the effects of exercise and diet on obesity and diabetes. The study found that aerobic training increased key metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle, improving glucose metabolism and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
A study found that mild exercise can protect against mortality due to influenza in mature mice, but had no effect on gross measures of sickness behavior. The researchers plan to conduct further studies to understand the mechanisms behind this protective effect.
Two studies found that isometric hand-grip (IHG) exercise significantly lowered systolic blood pressure in participants with hypertension. Additionally, IHG improved carotid artery distensibility, while having no effect on peripheral arteries. The researchers suggest that these improvements may be due to enhanced endothelial function.
Research reveals Interleukin-6 has various roles in metabolic gene activation, lipolysis, insulin resistance inhibition and TNF suppression. The cytokine's diverse effects make it a promising therapeutic target for treating obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Research by Proctor-Leuenberger-Koch suggests that leg blood vessels constrict more in older men during exercise, indicating a compensatory mechanism for reduced cardiac output. This study aims to understand the impact of aging on blood flow to exercising muscle and target interventions to improve exercise tolerance in older adults.
Running and jumping exercises are most effective for strengthening bones in children, as they stimulate new bone growth where it is needed. Unlike swimming or biking, these activities do not affect longitudinal growth, making them a recommended choice.
Recent APS exercise research highlights significant findings in various areas, including reduced flu mortality and improved cardiovascular function. Studies on protein expression and skeletal muscle regeneration have also shed light on the mechanisms behind these processes.
A study by the University of Wales and the University of Exeter suggests that high levels of calcium intake combined with vigorous daily exercise are crucial for building and retaining bone mass in children. The researchers found that children should engage in at least 25-40 minutes of vigorous activity and consume at least 700-800 mil...
Researchers found that growth hormone reduces STAT3 activation, modulates cellular apoptosis and proliferation, and improves weight gain in mice with colitis. The study suggests using growth hormone as a new therapeutic approach to improve growth and intestinal healing in IBD.
Researchers at Baylor, MIT and Hebrew University have made significant progress in understanding the potential of combination therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Probiotics and commensal bacteria have been shown to modulate mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduce symptoms in mice. Additionally, a new class of ...
Researchers present novel therapeutic approaches to treat IBD by targeting adhesion molecules, platelet recruitment, and CTLA-4-Ig. These approaches show promise in reducing intestinal inflammation and promoting tolerance in experimental models.
The American Physiological Society (APS) has awarded over $140,000 to minority students pursuing careers in physiology. These Porter Physiology Fellows are conducting innovative research projects that aim to improve our understanding of various physiological processes.
A novel study found that regular moderate physical activity significantly improves the immune response in older men, with increased anti-KLH IgM, IgG, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. This suggests that a physically active lifestyle can maintain optimal T cell-mediated responses, particularly during times of immunocompromise.
Researchers found a five-fold increase in knee torque and muscle force when humans switch from walking to running. This increased force generation leads to higher energy costs for running compared to walking due to the more flexed knee joint.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic demonstrate the potential of embryonic stem cells to rebuild damaged heart tissue, improving contractile function and ventricular remodeling. The study found that stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes integrated into infarcted areas without adverse effects.
Research found that infants' sighs play a significant role in helping their lungs mature and regulate breathing. The study revealed that sighs may 'reset' the breathing mechanism, improving lung function and gas exchange efficiency. This suggests a crucial link between breathing control and mechanical development.
Two young scientists, Matthew R. Jones and Takuya Sakaguchi, have been awarded the APS Postdoctoral Fellowship to investigate the roles of Interleukin-6 in pneumonia infections and liver organogenesis, respectively. The fellowship aims to advance understanding of physiological genomics by integrating cellular and molecular biology.
The American Physiological Society has awarded over $36,000 to its 2004 undergraduate research fellows. The fellowships cover travel and living expenses during a 10-week fellowship program.
Researchers used glycan microarrays to explore novel immunologic targets for SARS-CoV. The study found undesired autoantibody reactivity against human serum glycoprotein ASOR, prompting concerns over the safety of whole-viral SARS vaccines.
Physiology aims to appeal to a broader audience with innovative features and artwork, showcasing the most up-to-date physiological research. The journal's design and editorial team are committed to making the content more accessible and readable.
Researchers found that a significant percentage of microarray probes don't match the latest RefSeq database information, leading to inaccurate results. Sequence-verified probes perform more consistently and accurately, improving diagnostic power and analysis of existing data sets.
Researchers found that muscle mechanoreceptor stimulation, independent of central command, significantly increased forearm sweat rate during passive cycling recovery. In contrast, chest sweat rate was only increased at the mid-recovery period. The study suggests that muscle mechanoreceptors are equally important in producing sweat as h...
A recent study found that caffeine treatment in premature neonates significantly increases ventilation during hyperoxia, with enhanced peripheral chemoreceptor activity. The findings suggest a direct effect of caffeine on central nervous structures controlling respiration, validating its anti-apneic effects.
The American Physiological Society (APS) has announced the winners of its annual awards for high school students conducting research in physiology. The four award winners are Allison Landstrom, Samuel Finlayson, John Luo, and Jason Pellegrino, who studied various aspects of glucose homeostasis and lung function.
The study provides anatomical evidence of nanometer-sized particles in calcified human arterial and valvular tissue, which share characteristics with nanoparticles recovered from geological specimens. The cultured particles contain nucleic acids, suggesting ongoing synthesis and potential bacterial-like etiology of vascular calcification.
A new study demonstrates that adding menthol to a topical cream containing cetylated fatty acids significantly reduces pain and improves functional performance in patients with knee, elbow, and wrist osteoarthritis. The treatment also shows promise for upper-extremity performance and pain relief in these individuals.
A study using three strains of inbred laboratory rats found significant variations in slow wave sleep, activity, and rest periods, suggesting a genetic link to the 'early bird' and 'night owl' phenomenon. The research aims to establish the genomic basis of normal and abnormal variation in sleep patterns.
A new animal study has found that trans fats can significantly increase total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, as well as TC/HDL-C ratios, in a swine model. The study suggests that high-trans fat diets may promote the rapid development of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that radiation damages key receptors impacting blood pressure, leading to faulty repair of DNA breaks and cell death. A new study examines three cases where symptomatic baroreflex failure occurred as a late consequence of neck irradiation.
Researchers found that estrogen-like drugs can reduce body weight gain in postmenopausal women by up to 33% and decrease food intake. The study used an animal model and tested selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on rats, finding that Eα-selective drugs reduced body weight gain while ERß-selective drugs had no effect.
Researchers found that three polyphenolic compounds, EGCG, XN, and RES, can reduce breast cancer cell proliferation without being toxic. Xanthohumol (XN) showed the most potent effect, with a lower concentration required to inhibit cell growth.
A new study on BCX-1777, a PNP inhibitor, found that it can elevate plasma dGuo levels and inhibit erythrocyte PNP activity in cancer patients. The results suggest potential therapeutic applications for BCX-1777 in treating autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
A recent study investigated the effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) treatments on physiological functions predicting athletic performance. The results showed no significant enhancement in endurance-related parameters, contradicting anecdotal reports of improved endurance during exercise.
A recent study found that CordyMax enhances aerobic exercise capability, endurance performance, and exercise metabolism in healthy, mid-age to elderly sedentary humans. The supplement also showed promising results in reducing fatigue, improving weight control, and lowering diastolic blood pressure.
A study found that exercise can reduce the preference for sweetened fluids in rats, with a temporary increase in perception of sweetness after consumption. The researchers suggest that this could lead to the development of foods and supplements that meet post-exercise nutritional needs.
A new study found that non-habitual acute resistance and aerobic exercise negatively affected sleep quality and length. Volunteers reported waking up significantly more times at night after exercise compared to before, while objective measures of sleep using an actigraph revealed no significant differences between exercise conditions.
Researchers found that repeated pregnancies in rats increased blood pressure response to stress and phenylephrine infusion, due to enhanced total peripheral resistance. Vascular sensitivity was also altered, with reduced compliance and sensitivity to phenylephrine.
A new study investigates curcumin's ability to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in rat astrocytes and neurons, suggesting a potential neuroprotective effect. The research found increased expression of HO-1 protein and detoxification enzymes in response to curcumin treatment.
A team of researchers found that certain mammals in the Arctic, including rodents, retained a regular sleep-wake cycle despite 82 days of continuous daylight or darkness. The study suggests that the animals may have used external environmental clues to adapt their biological clocks.
The American Physiological Society awarded 55 minority travel fellowships to facilitate participation of underrepresented students in EB 2004, attracting over 11,000 scientists annually. The fellowships, supported by NIDDK and NIGMS grants, provide funds for transportation, meals, lodging, and meeting registration.
Four researchers are recognized for their work on normal lung development, RhoA's role in blood vessel disruption, and cardiovascular regulation. Their research aims to improve mortality and morbidity associated with premature birth and related conditions.
The American Physiological Society awarded 12 Distinguished Lecturers in 2004, including Christine Seidman, Robin Davisson, and Kevin Fitzgerald. The awards recognize outstanding research achievements in various fields of physiology.
A new study found that carbohydrate intake has a limited positive impact on muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise, but not enough to achieve the desired effect. Muscle protein breakdown decreased and net balance improved in the carbohydrate group compared to the placebo group.
Researchers investigated the effects of caffeine (SRC) and melatonin (Mlt) on jet lag symptoms. The study found that Mlt decreased subjective sleepiness but not objective sleep quality, while SRC reduced sleepiness for a few days with negative effects on recovery sleep. Additional studies are needed to evaluate their full effects.
Researchers used post-mortem spinal cord tissue to identify a unique gene expression profile in ALS patients, revealing distinct changes underlying the terminal stages of the disease. The study distinguishes between familial and sporadic ALS forms, providing insights into the molecular pathophysiology of neurodegeneration.