Research on identifying and measuring risk. Covers rock-avalanche modeling, cardiovascular risk, food-toxin safety, and heart calcium scans.
Researchers developed a risk score using thousands of chest x-rays to predict long-term mortality. The system achieved high accuracy in identifying individuals at increased risk, providing valuable insights for healthcare.
A new model, called the Military Logistics Network Planning System (MLNPS), draws on logistical data and operational information to assess risk and forecast logistical outcomes. The MLNPS can help military leaders identify efficient means of meeting logistical needs and account for uncertainty during expeditionary operations.
Researchers developed a novel method to identify patients at high risk of HIV infection, which can benefit from preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies. The algorithm analyzed electronic health records and successfully distinguished between patients who did or did not acquire HIV, with high precision.
A large health insurance database analysis reveals people living with HIV have a significantly higher risk of heart failure and stroke. Researchers found a 3.2-times increased risk of heart failure and 2.7-times increased risk of stroke in those living with HIV compared to uninfected individuals.
A new assessment reveals that older adults' independence is the most significant factor in their vulnerability to extreme heat. The study found that individuals with limited financial and physical assets are more susceptible to temperature extremes, highlighting the need for tailored support strategies.
A new machine learning approach using coronary CT scans shows better results than existing models in predicting heart attacks and cardiac events. The study found that the AI-based method can identify patients at higher risk more accurately, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
A study found that high levels of immunoglobulin G were associated with increased pain disability and comorbidities in TMD patients. Additionally, a chair-side risk assessment tool based on orofacial symptoms, headaches, and teeth grinding was developed to facilitate dental treatment planning.
A new study found that perceived effectiveness of positive reinforcement and owner confidence are crucial factors in using such techniques. The researchers suggest that practical support and emotional well-being management are essential for owners to develop confidence in training their dogs.
Researcher's groundbreaking contributions to structural health monitoring and life-cycle assessment have transformed policies and practices in building infrastructure components. His work has saved time, money, and likely lives, while advancing sustainable development and resilience.
The current Norwegian Barents Sea oil spill risk governance framework is inadequate for integrating multiple risk frames and knowledge systems. Social learning and collaborative knowledge production are essential for developing a shared understanding of the problem situation and solutions.
Coral reefs face growing danger from climate change, local pollution, and habitat destruction. New interventions, such as breeding corals with greater heat resistance and genetic manipulation, show promise but vary in readiness levels.
A new study in Journal of Applied Ecology proposes ways to improve risk assessments for endangered species by incorporating accurate population growth rates and survival data. The models more closely reflect reality by assessing long-used assumptions and proposing analytics that better reflect the impact of survival and reproduction.
Regular use of glucosamine supplements is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events, including coronary heart disease and stroke. The study found a significant reduction in CVD events among glucosamine users, with stronger associations observed in smokers and those who mimic a low-carbohydrate diet.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and Johns Hopkins University have identified 25 US counties at high risk for measles outbreaks. The analysis considered international travel and vaccination rates, predicting over 1,000 cases in the US this year.
A new analysis predicts top 25 US counties at risk for measles outbreaks in 2019, considering non-medical exemptions, international air travel, and population data. The study identifies regions with low vaccination rates and high passenger inflow from affected countries as areas of high risk.
A large study found that HER2 expression can predict DCIS recurrence and progression, enabling targeted treatments for high-risk patients. By screening DCIS patients for HER2, doctors can minimize the chance of recurrence or spread in lower-risk patients.
A large study found that quitting cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer in postmenopausal women. The risk continued to decrease after 10 years of quitting, but even after 30 or more years, risk remained higher for those who had smoked than never-smokers.
A novel method assesses combined risk of multiple tap water pollutants in California, estimating over 15,000 cancer cases. The study uses a cumulative approach to calculate health impacts of carcinogens and toxic contaminants in public water systems.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that women with a history of bariatric surgery are at higher risk of premature birth, congenital anomalies, and low birth weight. Health professionals should provide additional support and monitoring for these high-risk pregnancies.
Researchers from Boston University Schools of Medicine have developed a fast and accurate approach to assessing the carcinogenicity of chemicals. The new method uses machine learning algorithms to distinguish between carcinogens and non-carcinogens, providing a cost-effective solution for prioritizing chemicals for further testing.
Actuarial risk assessments can reduce inconsistencies, but also reproduce class-based and race-based inequalities. The use of proprietary algorithms raises questions of transparency and fairness.
A study of 5,540 adults found that difficulty with everyday tasks in midlife is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization, nursing home admission, and death. Middle-age individuals struggling with instrumental activities like managing finances and medication have increased mortality rates.
Researchers developed a new dose-response function to predict the probability of illness from low-dose exposures. This approach combines 'bottom-up' biologically-based modeling with 'top-down' statistical analyses, increasing efficiency in risk assessment.
Researchers found that PFASs, such as PFOS and PFNA, have high binding affinities to Baikal seal PPARα, suggesting a role in toxicity. In vitro and in silico approaches revealed interspecies differences in the binding of PFASs to PPARα.
The EDC-MixRisk project reveals that current regulations underestimate health risks associated with combined exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals, affecting fetal development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study highlights the need for a novel approach to mixture risk assessment and emphasizes the importance of considering...
A study of over 500 Chinese students reveals that cultural background and environment significantly impact risk aversion. Mosuo girls, from a matrilineal culture, become increasingly risk-averse with age, while Han girls in a patriarchal culture show less risk aversion.
Researchers develop 3D-printed coronary phantoms to validate CT-FFR diagnostic software, improving non-invasive CAD risk assessment. The phantom models replicate patient vasculature, allowing for physiological testing and efficient validation of CT-FFR estimation methods.
A large-scale study of 187 explorers and 11,000 households found no correlation between birth order and risk-taking behavior in adulthood. The research suggests that family dynamics do not impact an individual's willingness to take risks in adulthood.
A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal found that mothers who give birth at night, on weekends, or in teaching hospitals are more likely to experience delivery complications. The study analyzed over two million cases from 2005 to 2010 and found a significant increase in complications during night shifts, weeke...
A new model developed by University at Buffalo engineers emphasizes an additional factor: the losses associated with human fatalities and injuries. This tweak throws the current system off-track, suggesting that some states receive an outsized share of fire protection money, while others are shortchanged.
A study of 1.7 million Chinese adults found 10% at high heart disease risk, yet only 3% taking statins or aspirin for prevention. The low uptake is attributed to a lack of awareness among patients and providers in China.
A study of 230,732 women found that long-term smoking cessation reduces the risk of a certain form of rheumatoid arthritis by 37%. This type of RA tends to have a more severe disease course with joint deformities and disability.
A large-scale study validated four widely used breast cancer risk models, finding that family-history-based models outperform non-family-history based models. The study's findings suggest that all women would benefit from risk assessment involving detailed family histories.
A recent special issue published in Risk Analysis examines how attitudes and perceptions of risk affect the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Studies found that most people prefer defaults to staying in their lane when faced with a collision, and social trust plays a significant role in public acceptance.
A new review highlights the importance of identifying premenopausal women with elevated risk factors, such as ovarian dysfunction and pregnancy complications. These women should be screened early for cardiovascular disease and receive close follow-up and lifestyle modifications.
A study published in Communications Biology found that chronic conditions like cancer and diabetes share common underlying mechanisms with aging. The researchers analyzed genetic data from over 300,000 people and identified 12 genetic loci associated with healthy life expectancy.
Research highlights the dangers of fumigated containers, which can release harmful substances into the air if not handled properly. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment warns that these risks can be exposed to consumers and retail personnel who come in contact with contaminated products.
Researchers have identified a new genus of filovirus from a Rousettus bat in China, which shares genetic similarities with Ebola and Marburg viruses. The M?nglà virus poses a potential risk of interspecies transmission and has only been detected in bats so far.
Researchers have identified a new genus of filovirus from fruit bats in China, which shares similarities with Ebola and Marburg viruses. The Mengla virus has been found in different geographic locations than other filoviruses and poses a potential risk of interspecies transmission.
Many NHS trusts and health boards have been unable to accurately forecast how Brexit will affect crucial areas such as supply chains, medicines, and workforce. Only a quarter of those that responded were able to disclose their risk assessment related to Brexit, with many citing uncertainty about the government's guidance.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new, physics-based methodology to design bridge connections and steel bearings to better withstand tsunamis. Their study found that the transmission of forces to supporting substructures changes significantly with modifications to vertical and horizontal stiffness.
Researchers explore how scientific understanding of Zika developed over time and how North American agencies addressed public communication challenges. The special issue provides insights into the dissemination of information via traditional and social media and its effects on public knowledge and risk perception.
Studies found that at least one hormone or pharmaceutical contaminant was present in untreated groundwater at 6% of sites, with higher exposure risks for individuals using domestic wells. The presence of chemicals also threatens ecosystems, particularly through stormwater management practices.
Preliminary findings from the Health Effects Institute's Energy Research Committee reveal potential exposure pathways to residents near UOGD operations. The literature review identified associations between UOGD and perinatal effects, asthma, cancer, hospitalizations, and self-reported health symptoms.
The symposium presentation explores current topics in occupational risk analysis, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and dermal contact with solid metals. Studies have found a lifetime excess risk of CTE in NFL players to be unacceptably high, highlighting the need for regulations.
Researchers explore novel approaches to monitoring opioid use in municipal wastewater, offering a rapid, cost-effective solution to supplement existing data. The method can identify hot spots of drug use and predict shifts in consumption patterns, aiding in the development of effective intervention programs.
The precision medicine initiative is shifting healthcare from population-based approaches to individualized care focusing on each patient's genetic makeup. This shift raises new legal, policy, and ethical issues, including liability, trust, governance, and data access and quality.
Researchers have developed new tools to help people identify fake news on social media, including a study that found structured introspection can aid in recognizing false climate change reports. Additionally, studies explored how terror attacks impact fear and anger levels on social media and the effects of media coverage on trust in s...
The Society for Risk Analysis awarded six scholarly and service awards and named three new Fellows at its Annual Meeting. The recipients were selected for their expertise in regulatory impact analysis, training of new risk analysis experts, and substantial achievements in science or public policy relating to risk analysis.
Research highlights the presence of harmful toxins in common food items and water sources, including rice, barbecued meat, tap water, and toilets. Studies estimate high levels of arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice and heat-processed meat, respectively.
The Society for Risk Analysis has recognized several researchers with the 2018 Best Paper award for their significant contributions to the field of risk analysis. The awards honored papers that made a substantial impact on theory or practice, including works on probabilistic transmission models and risk communication strategies.
Vaccines have been proven to be safe and beneficial for society, but misconceptions persist. The World Health Organization requires vaccination checks during medical encounters, but many cases are missed. Digital tools like VaccApp and ViVI Score aim to improve vaccine communication.
Recent studies highlight the need for updated adaptation plans to address severe weather events, with hard-adaptive measures like seawalls increasing long-term vulnerability. Increasing hazard awareness through education can reduce vulnerability, while effective communication strategies can mitigate flood damages.
A recent study found that consumers' knowledge about toxicological principles is limited, leading to misconceptions about man-made versus natural chemicals. Emotions such as disgust also play a significant role in accepting new food technologies, with a negative association between willingness to eat and disgust responses.
Researchers developed a new length-based risk assessment method to evaluate the sustainability status of popular reef fish species. The study found that only one species had a sustainable risk score, while others had estimated risks of over 95 percent.
A large international study confirms measuring bone microarchitecture with new imaging technology accurately predicts risk of fracture in older women and men. The study found that deficits in bone density and structure contribute to fracture risk independently of bone mineral density.
A new imaging method, HR-pQCT, predicts fracture risk by analyzing bone microstructure. This method provides additional information beyond traditional BMD assessments, identifying deficits in trabecular and cortical bone density and structure as independent risk factors.
Research found that measuring very preterm and full-term babies' head circumference from an early age can identify potential neurocognitive risks later in life. Head growth is a proxy measure of brain volume growth, and slow head growth was linked to lower intelligence scores.
A reanalysis of worldwide annual precipitation trends reveals overlooked risks to human and environmental systems, affecting nearly 40% of the global population and 44% of land areas. The study highlights significant regional variations in precipitation risk and variability, emphasizing the need for more accurate risk assessments.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies involving over 700,000 patients with concussions or mild traumatic brain injury found a significant association between the two conditions and an increased risk of suicide. However, the absolute risk was small due to the low mortality rate among these patients.