Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
Actuarial risk assessments can reduce inconsistencies, but also reproduce class-based and race-based inequalities. The use of proprietary algorithms raises questions of transparency and fairness.
A study of 5,540 adults found that difficulty with everyday tasks in midlife is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization, nursing home admission, and death. Middle-age individuals struggling with instrumental activities like managing finances and medication have increased mortality rates.
Researchers developed a new dose-response function to predict the probability of illness from low-dose exposures. This approach combines 'bottom-up' biologically-based modeling with 'top-down' statistical analyses, increasing efficiency in risk assessment.
Researchers found that PFASs, such as PFOS and PFNA, have high binding affinities to Baikal seal PPARα, suggesting a role in toxicity. In vitro and in silico approaches revealed interspecies differences in the binding of PFASs to PPARα.
The EDC-MixRisk project reveals that current regulations underestimate health risks associated with combined exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals, affecting fetal development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study highlights the need for a novel approach to mixture risk assessment and emphasizes the importance of considering...
A study of over 500 Chinese students reveals that cultural background and environment significantly impact risk aversion. Mosuo girls, from a matrilineal culture, become increasingly risk-averse with age, while Han girls in a patriarchal culture show less risk aversion.
Researchers develop 3D-printed coronary phantoms to validate CT-FFR diagnostic software, improving non-invasive CAD risk assessment. The phantom models replicate patient vasculature, allowing for physiological testing and efficient validation of CT-FFR estimation methods.
A large-scale study of 187 explorers and 11,000 households found no correlation between birth order and risk-taking behavior in adulthood. The research suggests that family dynamics do not impact an individual's willingness to take risks in adulthood.
A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal found that mothers who give birth at night, on weekends, or in teaching hospitals are more likely to experience delivery complications. The study analyzed over two million cases from 2005 to 2010 and found a significant increase in complications during night shifts, weeke...
A new model developed by University at Buffalo engineers emphasizes an additional factor: the losses associated with human fatalities and injuries. This tweak throws the current system off-track, suggesting that some states receive an outsized share of fire protection money, while others are shortchanged.
A large-scale study validated four widely used breast cancer risk models, finding that family-history-based models outperform non-family-history based models. The study's findings suggest that all women would benefit from risk assessment involving detailed family histories.
A study of 1.7 million Chinese adults found 10% at high heart disease risk, yet only 3% taking statins or aspirin for prevention. The low uptake is attributed to a lack of awareness among patients and providers in China.
A study of 230,732 women found that long-term smoking cessation reduces the risk of a certain form of rheumatoid arthritis by 37%. This type of RA tends to have a more severe disease course with joint deformities and disability.
A recent special issue published in Risk Analysis examines how attitudes and perceptions of risk affect the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Studies found that most people prefer defaults to staying in their lane when faced with a collision, and social trust plays a significant role in public acceptance.
A new review highlights the importance of identifying premenopausal women with elevated risk factors, such as ovarian dysfunction and pregnancy complications. These women should be screened early for cardiovascular disease and receive close follow-up and lifestyle modifications.
A study published in Communications Biology found that chronic conditions like cancer and diabetes share common underlying mechanisms with aging. The researchers analyzed genetic data from over 300,000 people and identified 12 genetic loci associated with healthy life expectancy.
Research highlights the dangers of fumigated containers, which can release harmful substances into the air if not handled properly. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment warns that these risks can be exposed to consumers and retail personnel who come in contact with contaminated products.
Researchers have identified a new genus of filovirus from fruit bats in China, which shares similarities with Ebola and Marburg viruses. The Mengla virus has been found in different geographic locations than other filoviruses and poses a potential risk of interspecies transmission.
Researchers have identified a new genus of filovirus from a Rousettus bat in China, which shares genetic similarities with Ebola and Marburg viruses. The M?nglà virus poses a potential risk of interspecies transmission and has only been detected in bats so far.
Many NHS trusts and health boards have been unable to accurately forecast how Brexit will affect crucial areas such as supply chains, medicines, and workforce. Only a quarter of those that responded were able to disclose their risk assessment related to Brexit, with many citing uncertainty about the government's guidance.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new, physics-based methodology to design bridge connections and steel bearings to better withstand tsunamis. Their study found that the transmission of forces to supporting substructures changes significantly with modifications to vertical and horizontal stiffness.
Researchers explore how scientific understanding of Zika developed over time and how North American agencies addressed public communication challenges. The special issue provides insights into the dissemination of information via traditional and social media and its effects on public knowledge and risk perception.
Researchers explore novel approaches to monitoring opioid use in municipal wastewater, offering a rapid, cost-effective solution to supplement existing data. The method can identify hot spots of drug use and predict shifts in consumption patterns, aiding in the development of effective intervention programs.
Studies found that at least one hormone or pharmaceutical contaminant was present in untreated groundwater at 6% of sites, with higher exposure risks for individuals using domestic wells. The presence of chemicals also threatens ecosystems, particularly through stormwater management practices.
Preliminary findings from the Health Effects Institute's Energy Research Committee reveal potential exposure pathways to residents near UOGD operations. The literature review identified associations between UOGD and perinatal effects, asthma, cancer, hospitalizations, and self-reported health symptoms.
The symposium presentation explores current topics in occupational risk analysis, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and dermal contact with solid metals. Studies have found a lifetime excess risk of CTE in NFL players to be unacceptably high, highlighting the need for regulations.
Research highlights the presence of harmful toxins in common food items and water sources, including rice, barbecued meat, tap water, and toilets. Studies estimate high levels of arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice and heat-processed meat, respectively.
The Society for Risk Analysis has recognized several researchers with the 2018 Best Paper award for their significant contributions to the field of risk analysis. The awards honored papers that made a substantial impact on theory or practice, including works on probabilistic transmission models and risk communication strategies.
The precision medicine initiative is shifting healthcare from population-based approaches to individualized care focusing on each patient's genetic makeup. This shift raises new legal, policy, and ethical issues, including liability, trust, governance, and data access and quality.
Researchers have developed new tools to help people identify fake news on social media, including a study that found structured introspection can aid in recognizing false climate change reports. Additionally, studies explored how terror attacks impact fear and anger levels on social media and the effects of media coverage on trust in s...
The Society for Risk Analysis awarded six scholarly and service awards and named three new Fellows at its Annual Meeting. The recipients were selected for their expertise in regulatory impact analysis, training of new risk analysis experts, and substantial achievements in science or public policy relating to risk analysis.
Vaccines have been proven to be safe and beneficial for society, but misconceptions persist. The World Health Organization requires vaccination checks during medical encounters, but many cases are missed. Digital tools like VaccApp and ViVI Score aim to improve vaccine communication.
Recent studies highlight the need for updated adaptation plans to address severe weather events, with hard-adaptive measures like seawalls increasing long-term vulnerability. Increasing hazard awareness through education can reduce vulnerability, while effective communication strategies can mitigate flood damages.
A recent study found that consumers' knowledge about toxicological principles is limited, leading to misconceptions about man-made versus natural chemicals. Emotions such as disgust also play a significant role in accepting new food technologies, with a negative association between willingness to eat and disgust responses.
Researchers developed a new length-based risk assessment method to evaluate the sustainability status of popular reef fish species. The study found that only one species had a sustainable risk score, while others had estimated risks of over 95 percent.
A large international study confirms measuring bone microarchitecture with new imaging technology accurately predicts risk of fracture in older women and men. The study found that deficits in bone density and structure contribute to fracture risk independently of bone mineral density.
A new imaging method, HR-pQCT, predicts fracture risk by analyzing bone microstructure. This method provides additional information beyond traditional BMD assessments, identifying deficits in trabecular and cortical bone density and structure as independent risk factors.
Research found that measuring very preterm and full-term babies' head circumference from an early age can identify potential neurocognitive risks later in life. Head growth is a proxy measure of brain volume growth, and slow head growth was linked to lower intelligence scores.
A reanalysis of worldwide annual precipitation trends reveals overlooked risks to human and environmental systems, affecting nearly 40% of the global population and 44% of land areas. The study highlights significant regional variations in precipitation risk and variability, emphasizing the need for more accurate risk assessments.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies involving over 700,000 patients with concussions or mild traumatic brain injury found a significant association between the two conditions and an increased risk of suicide. However, the absolute risk was small due to the low mortality rate among these patients.
Maternal smoking is associated with a higher risk of strabismus in children, which can lead to visual impairment and emotional problems. A study of 11 relevant articles found that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk by up to 79 percent.
The new guidelines review and update the 2013 European guidance for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Key findings include the importance of evaluating bone microstructure and using FRAX tools in fracture risk assessment, as well as the need for long-term dietary intakes and monitoring drug treatment.
A large-scale Swedish study found that removing the appendix reduces Parkinson's disease risk by about 19.3%, with a greater effect seen in rural populations potentially counteracting environmental risk factors like pesticide exposure. Early intervention strategies targeting alpha-synuclein accumulation could be promising.
Researchers developed a new approach to measure the resilience of humans and animals using data from wearable sensors. The Dynamic Indicators of Resilience (DIORs) can detect risks of health collapse and collapse of system components, such as mood and posture, allowing for early detection and intervention.
A new study found that Black men have a higher rate of reincarceration and shorter time to reentry compared to other groups, even with lower risk scores on standardized tools. This suggests that systemic issues such as racism and implicit bias play a significant role in recidivism rates.
Researchers from the University of Stirling used European Union data to assess the risk of imported farmed shrimp, finding it to be comparable to other seafood products. The study analyzed 18 years of data and found that consumers would need to eat over 300g of shrimp per day to exceed safe limits for antimicrobials.
A study found that people generally prefer self-driving cars to stay in their lane and perform an emergency stop, even if it means risking collision with pedestrians or bystanders. The research suggests that this default action is morally acceptable, even if it doesn't minimize expected loss.
A new study found that cataract patients have a 29% increased risk of developing osteoporosis or fractures compared to healthy controls. Patients who underwent cataract surgery had a 42% lower risk of developing osteoporosis or fracture.
A recent meta-analysis of published studies found that processed meat consumption is associated with a 9% higher breast cancer risk. However, no significant association was observed between red (unprocessed) meat intake and breast cancer risk. The study suggests cutting down processed meat may be beneficial for preventing breast cancer.
A brief assessment of emergency department (ED) threat perceptions can identify patients at risk for developing cardiac-induced PTSD. The study developed a seven-item measure to assess subjective feelings of helplessness or lack of control in ED patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome.
A team at University of Tsukuba developed a tool to image atherosclerotic plaque development in mice, allowing for the evaluation of drugs and analysis of individual patient risk. The method involves expressing fluorescent protein in immune cells that congregate in plaque, enabling accurate measurement of plaque quantity and progression.
A recent study has shown that adding genetic factors to existing risk assessments can help predict future major coronary events in people with type 2 diabetes. The genetic score provides a significant improvement in correctly predicting cardiovascular risk, particularly when used early in life.
A new study published in The Gerontologist found that older adults with a 'fall plan of care' are less likely to suffer fall-related hospitalizations. This initiative, which includes screening for fall risk, assessing modifiable risk factors, and prescribing evidence-based interventions, was shown to reduce hospitalizations by 0.6 times.
The Lipid-Rich Plaque (LRP) study found a significant correlation between non-flow-limiting lipid-rich plaques detected by NIRS-IVUS and the development of major adverse cardiac events. The study showed that patients with higher maxLCBI4mm values had a higher risk of experiencing non-culprit MACE events within 24 months.
An analysis of published studies reveals that being overweight or obese is associated with a one-third increase in risk of urinary incontinence for young to mid-aged women. The risk is doubled in women with obesity. The findings suggest that lifestyle interventions may play a role in preventing and managing incontinence.
A study found that rock climbers seek out sites with more single-pitch routes, better landscapes, and lower median difficulty to reduce injury risk. The results suggest that decreasing injury risk generates significant welfare gains for climbers, with estimated values ranging from $18 to $327 per site.
A nationwide health claims analysis from Korea found smoking increases dementia risk, while quitting reduces it by up to 32%. Long-term quitters had a 14% lower risk of dementia compared to continual smokers, while never smokers had an 18% reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that genetic variation was the only factor associated with increased fracture risk, while vitamin D levels and calcium intake were not linked. Bone mineral density remained a key predictor of fracture risk.
A new study has evaluated the quality of YouTube videos for facial plastics information, revealing they can present biased information and offer an unbalanced assessment of risks and benefits. The study suggests these videos may not provide clear guidance on the qualifications of featured practitioners.
A study published in JAMA Dermatology found that adults who use sunless tanning products continue to engage in risky tanning behaviors, such as indoor tanning and sunburn. The researchers suggest that these products may inadvertently reinforce desires for tanned skin, making them ineffective in reducing skin cancer rates.