Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is widely used to predict major osteoporotic fractures, but experts warn that failing to calibrate for ethnicity could lead to large errors in fracture risk assessment. Ethnicity-specific models have been calibrated for specific populations, and their inclusion is crucial for accurate stratifica...
Researchers used facial photos to detect coronary artery disease using a deep learning algorithm, achieving high sensitivity and specificity rates. The study shows promise for developing a self-reported application to assess heart disease risk in advance of visiting a clinic.
Researchers have assembled a comprehensive checklist of Panama's tree species, including their estimated geographic ranges, providing a quantitative basis for assessing extinction risk and guiding conservation efforts. The study found that 16.2% of Panama's tree species had ranges less than 20,000 km2, signaling endangered status.
A recent analysis found that adults with rheumatoid arthritis had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to other individuals. The study, published in Arthritis Care & Research, used a US commercial insurance database and included over 449,000 people.
Researchers used social network analysis to simulate Sicilian Mafia networks and found that targeting individuals with high Betweenness centrality was effective in disrupting the network. The study provides new insights for law enforcement strategies, highlighting the potential benefits of applying network measures to select targets.
A study published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica found that HPV vaccination significantly reduces the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, a precancerous condition leading to cervical cancer. Vaccination coverage was high among young women born in 1993, resulting in a 30% lower risk compared to those...
A new study is analyzing how COVID-19 affects modern slavery survivors and victims, identifying risk factors such as non-detection, re-trafficking, and limited access to support services. The research aims to provide urgent recommendations for mitigation and protect those at risk from exploitation.
Patients who had previously suffered a vertebral fracture experienced an increased risk of major osteoporotic fractures after longer bisphosphonate drug holidays. The study suggests that these breaks may lead to a partial loss of protective effects against fractures, highlighting the need for individualized management decisions.
A new measure of social determinants of health has been developed and validated to predict cardiovascular disease mortality at the county level. The tool uses a multivariable risk score based on seven social determinants, showing better predictive performance than common single-measure area-level indexes.
A new analysis of 71 studies with over 950,000 participants found significantly higher odds of knee osteoarthritis in physically demanding job titles such as farmers and builders.
Columbia University engineers are developing a risk dashboard to assess and predict risks to the power grid. The project aims to create a decision-making tool for independent system operators, helping them make sound decisions quickly in time scales ranging from minutes to days.
A recent study published by the American College of Cardiology found that preterm delivery is a strong independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women throughout their lives. Women who gave birth before 37 weeks are at an increased risk of developing IHD, with risks remaining elevated even decades after delivery.
A new study urges judges to scrutinize algorithmic risk assessment tools used in criminal cases due to biases and weak statistical evidence. The review recommends three steps: fitness, accuracy, and reliability assessments to ensure the tool's relevance, performance, and trustworthiness.
A KAUST research team discovered that IQOS emits 62 compounds, 52 of which were not found in Philip Morris International tests, including diacetyl and potentially carcinogenic diethylhexyl phthalate.
The article highlights the importance of a risk governance framework in overcoming crises like Covid-19. Five key aspects are particularly relevant: increasing global capacities for scientific appraisal, analyzing public opinion and perception, effective crisis communication, risk evaluation, and management strategies.
Researchers at NUTRITION 2020 LIVE ONLINE explored the impact of COVID-19 on Nutrition 2020, which was canceled. The meeting covered various research findings, including the benefits of whole grains for diabetes risk and the dangers of empty calories in children.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that women who experience more pregnancy losses are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study analyzed data from over 247,000 women and found that each additional pregnancy loss increased the risk by 18-71%. Women with no previous pregnancies also had a significantly higher risk.
A Michigan State University scientist has proposed a point-of-care diagnostic platform using nanotechnology to diagnose COVID-19 infection and assess future risk. The platform uses nanoparticles or magnetic levitation to analyze biological fluids, creating unique patterns that can identify patients at high risk of death.
The EU is taking a cautious approach to gene drive organisms, considering their potential risks and benefits. The technology uses CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing to introduce permanent changes in ecosystems, raising concerns about long-term ecological impact.
A new perspective paper proposes reconciling differing views on range-shifting species to improve management. The authors suggest using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) to assess risk and develop management priorities.
Yale researchers developed a new approach to track COVID-19's spread by leveraging real-time population flow data, demonstrating its effectiveness in forecasting the outbreak and identifying high-risk areas. The model accurately predicted subsequent COVID-19 infections across China and corroborated official case counts.
A HKU-led study accurately tracks COVID-19 spread using population flow data, identifying high-risk locales through a risk assessment model. The researchers combined population flow data with confirmed cases to explain 96% of the spread's distribution and intensity across China.
Researchers developed an AI system that analyzes linguistic patterns to predict a youth's risk for committing acts of school violence. The system matches the clinical judgements and accuracy of psychiatrists 94 percent of the time, demonstrating its potential to help address youth violence at schools.
The Stanford study develops a calculation of the risk that shaking triggered by a given project will be felt in surrounding communities. The authors propose setting yellow-light thresholds approximately two magnitude units below the red light to reduce nuisance-level shaking.
Researchers developed CALM model to simulate pedestrian movement and predict disease spread on airplanes. The model produces results almost 60 times faster than SPED, enabling real-time decisions in emergency situations.
The study found that the risk of death from stroke fell by 24% over 15 years, with the one-year death rate decreasing from 32.6% to 20.15%. The risk of disability after a stroke also decreased by 23%, from 34.7% to 26.7%.
An observational study of 2,900 older residents found that long-term air pollution exposure increases the risk of developing dementia. Cardiovascular disease may contribute to this association by increasing blood flow and oxygenation to the brain, leading to neurodegenerative changes.
A modified Grunow-Finke assessment tool (mGFT) has been validated against previous outbreaks, outlining 11 criteria for determining if an outbreak is of unnatural origin. The tool helps identify unusual strain patterns, genetic manipulation, and peculiar geographic distribution, indicating potential artificial origin.
A long-term study found that regular tub bathing is associated with a lower risk of death from heart disease and stroke, with higher frequencies seeming to offer greater protection. The study tracked over 61,000 middle-aged adults in Japan and found that daily hot baths were linked to a 28% lower overall risk of cardiovascular disease.
A new study has found that current flood risk estimates rely on inadequate methods for calculating damage, which match poorly with observations. A beta distribution characterizes building damage at a given flood depth, revealing a high-variability relationship between depth and damage.
A study of over 500,000 middle-aged adults found that anticholinergic burden is associated with an increased risk of future adverse events such as falls, dementia, heart attacks, strokes, and deaths. The use of multiple medications with anticholinergic properties can have cumulative negative effects on the body.
A new coronavirus app coupled with machine intelligence will enable individuals to get an at-home risk assessment based on their symptoms and travel history. The app will also provide real-time information to local and public health officials, aiding in the targeting of prevention and treatment initiatives.
A study published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica found that women who had late abortions experienced a higher risk of extremely preterm birth. The research included over 418,000 first-time mothers and observed an increased risk of very low birthweight among those with late abortion(s) compared to early abortion(s).
A population-based study found that young immigrants and refugees in Ontario, Canada, are at higher risk of experiencing violent assault compared to nonimmigrant youth. The study used linked health and administrative databases to analyze the risk of violent assault among young immigrants and refugees aged 10-24.
Researchers found that using AI to analyze CT scans can produce more accurate risk assessment for major cardiovascular events. Automated CT-based body composition biomarkers outperformed established clinical parameters like Framingham risk score and BMI in predicting adverse events.
A new tool for identifying frail patients has been successfully implemented in a large health system setting, reducing surgical risks. The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) uses clinical and patient-reported factors to generate a score representing each patient's level of frailty, enabling swift stratification and improved outcomes.
A study found that low-dose methotrexate was associated with a small increase in adverse events, such as skin cancer and gastrointestinal problems. However, the risk for kidney-related side effects was decreased. The findings suggest that monitoring guidelines and safe prescribing of LD-MTX may need to be revised.
A study by Stanford and UC Berkeley researchers found that algorithms are significantly more accurate than humans in predicting recidivism, approaching 90% accuracy. In contrast, human prediction rates were around 60%. The findings have important implications for criminal justice reform and the use of risk-assessment tools.
Researchers analyzed data from over 300,000 people and found that genetics significantly increases the risk of stroke and heart attack in men compared to women. The study suggests that genetic scores could be used to identify healthy middle-aged adults at higher risk and develop preventive measures.
A study published in Risk Analysis analyzed the impact of increasing hand hygiene at top 10 airports globally. The researchers found that if hand washing mitigation strategies are implemented in these ten critical airports, pandemic risk can drop by up to 37 percent.
A UK patient database analysis found tramadol increases hip fracture risk by up to 1.5 new cases per 1000 person-years, compared to other pain medications. The study highlights the need for tramadol's fracture risk to be considered in clinical practice and treatment guidelines.
Redlining practices in the 1930s are associated with higher rates of emergency department visits due to asthma, with a 39% increased risk in previously redlined neighbourhoods compared to non-redlined areas. Historical policies may have shaped neighbourhood development and air quality, contributing to asthma incidence.
A review paper in Science highlights the challenge of assessing chemical risks to wildlife, citing the need for computer modelling and long-term ecological monitoring. The authors recommend a more consistent retrospective risk assessment approach to better understand the impacts of chemicals on wildlife populations.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has updated its risk assessment for Europe due to the ongoing novel coronavirus outbreak. The agency warns that further global spread is likely, with a moderate likelihood of imported cases being detected in EU/EEA countries. Adherence to infection prevention and control pra...
An analysis of self-reported data from over 37,000 US adults found associations between low-carb and low-fat diets and mortality risk, with unhealthy diets linked to higher total mortality. Healthy low-carb and low-fat diets were associated with lower total mortality rates.
Research published in the American Heart Association's journal found that hookah smoke causes blood clots to form within an average of 11 seconds, compared to 5 minutes without exposure. Hookah smoking increases the risk of heart attack or stroke.
A recent analysis found that one-third of all pregnancies in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were delivered by Caesarean section, a two-fold increase compared to women without IBD. Women with IBD also face increased risks of gestational diabetes and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes.
A cohort study found that preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations were independently associated with vascular death or myocardial injury at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative NT-proBNP thresholds improved discrimination and risk stratification for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
A recent study found that genetic data can accurately predict stroke risk, identifying individuals with a three-fold higher risk of ischemic stroke. This method is more precise than existing estimates based on clinical risk factors and can help pinpoint modifiable risk factors to mitigate the risk.
A new computational clinical tool predicts osteoporotic vertebral fractures by analyzing patient-specific finite element analysis of functional spinal units from routine clinical scans. The method enables more accurate patient-specific analysis, paving the way for a spinal risk assessment tool and targeted early treatment strategies.
A new study by Oxford University Press USA reveals that machine learning can predict long-term risks of heart attack and cardiac death. The research used machine learning to assess cardiovascular risk factors in subjects, aligning accurately with actual events over a 15-year period.
Researchers used lipidomics and machine learning to identify a blood lipid profile linked to type 2 diabetes risk, which improved prediction over traditional methods. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity also played a role in modulating the blood lipid profile.
A large new study finds that sustained weight loss is associated with lower breast cancer risk in women over 50. Women who lost weight after age 50 and kept it off had a 13-26% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those whose weight remained stable.
Studies use portable sensor technology and cellphone apps to measure air pollutant exposure, providing insights into reducing public health risks. Key findings include increased risks of respiratory diseases in children exposed to air pollution.
A new research tool, FFLLoRA, was developed to assess individual production lot risks of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen foods. The tool incorporates factors like facility attributes, Lm prevalence and consumer handling to estimate listeriosis risks.
Several studies presented at the symposium use system dynamics, modeling and risk analysis to address human trafficking. NGO actions often fail to understand the context before taking action, resulting in ineffective policies.
New studies examine prescribed fires' effectiveness and explore wildfires' characteristics as predictors of firefighting resource demand. Researchers aim to improve wildfire risk assessments and optimize fire management resource allocation.
The Society for Risk Analysis announced the 2019 winners of Best Paper and Best Poster awards. Terje Aven, Sayanti Mukherjee, Christian Blanco, Edward Oughton, and others won top honors for their significant contributions to risk analysis theory and practice.
The Society for Risk Analysis has awarded six prestigious awards and named six new Fellows, recognizing 12 individuals for their significant contributions to the field of risk analysis. The awardees include experts in decision analysis, education, service, practice, achievement, and statistical methods.
Researchers propose frameworks to improve laws, civilian strategies, and police response in reducing violent crimes and gun violence. A study found that reducing law enforcement response time decreases civilian casualties by 10-15 percent.