Research on identifying and measuring risk. Covers rock-avalanche modeling, cardiovascular risk, food-toxin safety, and heart calcium scans.
A new multi-institution study provides more accurate estimates of breast cancer risk for US women with inherited mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes. The findings may allow healthcare providers to better assess the risk of breast cancer and provide more appropriate risk management strategies.
A pooled analysis of 17 studies involving over 562,000 participants found that fried food consumption is associated with a heightened risk of major cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. The risk increases by 3%, 2%, and 12% for every additional 114g weekly serving.
A new study found that people with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) have a two to four times higher risk of future cardiovascular events. The more extensive the calcium buildup, the greater the risk.
A large-scale genetic analysis of over 200,000 men from diverse backgrounds identified 86 new risk factors for prostate cancer. The study found significant disparities in risk between racial and ethnic groups, with African American men inheriting twice the risk of European American counterparts.
Preliminary data from the non-powered U.S. Phase 2 study showed that orally-administered opaganib was safe and demonstrated consistent trends of greater improvement in reducing oxygen requirement across key primary and secondary efficacy outcomes. The opaganib-treated arm demonstrated a greater improvement in reaching room air, reducti...
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
A new model uses satellite data, machine learning, and human rights expertise to identify vessels at high risk of engaging in forced labor. Up to 26% of the global fishing fleet was found to be at high risk, with an estimated 100,000 individuals working on these vessels.
The Society for Risk Analysis awarded six scholarly and service awards, naming seven new Fellows for outstanding contributions to risk analysis. The recipients include Roger Flage, Ann Bostrom, Amber Jessup, Richard Forshee, Tom Burke, Anthony Fauci, and six others.
Researchers recommend integrating modelling tools and empirical data to gain a comprehensive understanding of systemic risks. Effective governance requires interdisciplinary cooperation, close monitoring systems, and public stakeholder participation to ensure adaptable and inclusive management of these complex risks.
Research studies have detected microplastics in drinking water globally, particularly in California and New York. These findings highlight the urgent need for standardization of methods to analyze microplastics and implementation of regulations to mitigate their impact on human health.
Dysphagia diagnosis and treatment are being conducted remotely using telemedicine, enabling safe care for COVID-19 patients. Clinicians use digital methods to assess swallowing ability and identify potential complications.
Research studies have found that 3D printer emissions can cause moderate toxicity in human lung cells and minimal toxicity in rats. The emitted particles can affect indoor air quality and public health, particularly for children who are more susceptible to the effects of these emissions.
Researchers developed a polygenic risk score to assess breast cancer risk in carriers of high-risk mutations. The score provides a more accurate estimate, especially for close relatives, and has the potential to save lives by targeting cancer screening.
Researchers find that styrene oligomers (SOs) dilute in water at different rates, with lighter molecules leaching out more readily. The study suggests using a ratio of SO dimers and trimers to identify the source of contamination and estimate bioavailable fractions.
A recent study analyzed risk factors and racial disparities among US patients with specific types of cancer who contracted COVID-19. The research found significant differences in outcomes between cancer types and racial groups.
Declining biodiversity is putting nature's contributions to people at risk, impacting crop yields and soil productivity. The degradation of environmental conditions also increases exposure to floods and storms, affecting human well-being and prosperity.
A new deep learning model predicts breast cancer risk with greater accuracy, leveraging subtle imaging biomarkers in mammograms. The model outperforms traditional risk assessment models, providing more accurate and cost-effective care for patients.
A European team has identified the most urgent invasive species to eradicate in Europe, including the golden apple snail and water hyacinths. The study prioritizes species based on risk of establishment and impact on the environment and economy.
Research found that people of Black ethnicity are twice as likely to contract COVID-19 as those of White ethnicity, while those from Asian backgrounds face a 1.5 times higher risk. The study also highlights increased risks of hospitalization and death for these groups.
A recent study published at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2020 found that U.S.-born Black women have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia compared to Black women who immigrated to the country. The study analyzed data from nearly 4,000 Black women in Boston and found that foreign-born Black women had a 26% low...
Researchers found that direct-tie asymmetry has an inverted U-shaped effect on a firm's abnormal returns, while indirect-tie asymmetry has a U-shaped effect on its risk. The study highlights the importance of assessing a potential alliance partner's ties relative to the focal firm's own ties.
Researchers found that quitting smoking at any age reduces excess risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease by about 90%. Those who quit between ages 15 to 34 had about the same risk as peers who never smoked, while those who quit later had significantly higher risks.
Researchers developed a model to assess the relative risks of airborne transmission of COVID-19, finding that physical distancing increases protection in a linear proportion. The study also suggests that simple cloth masks can significantly reduce the spread of the virus and that increased physical activity increases transmission risk.
A recent study published in Risk Analysis suggests that Effective Fiber Mask Programs (EFMPs) can help communities balance economy and curb community spread. By using non-woven materials like cotton batting, the effectiveness of cloth masks can be improved by up to 90% against aerosol particles.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital identified several biomarkers that can predict the risk of preeclampsia from a blood sample drawn at 12 weeks gestation. The study also found possible subtypes of preeclampsia linked to platelet dysfunction and complement system dysfunction.
A new study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on osteoporosis management worldwide. With FRAX fracture risk calculations down by 58% in April 2020 alone, it's estimated that over 0.5 million patients were excluded from risk assessment and necessary treatment within a 3-month period.
Researchers developed an algorithm to predict sex-specific adverse drug effects, identifying 20,817 adverse drug effects posing sex-specific risks. The algorithm addresses confounding biases and provides an opportunity to minimize adverse events by tailoring drug prescription and dosage to sex.
A systematic review found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), with ICU patients at the highest risk. The study estimated that up to 28% of critically ill patients may develop deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
A new study published in Transplantation found that organ transplant recipients are at a higher risk of death from COVID-19 due to the use of hydroxychloroquine treatment. The study examined data from COVID-19 positive adult solid organ transplant recipients and non-transplant patients matched by age, race, and hospital admission status.
A population study of over 189,000 Swedish individuals found that those with ADHD who experienced financial distress were three to four times more likely to commit suicide. The study also showed that ADHD treatments did not alleviate financial struggles in adults with the disorder.
A study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment did not cause lethal heart rhythms in COVID-19 patients who were at risk for this complication. The research showed a low rate of arrhythmias, with none associated with hydroxychloroquine use.
Climate data from 122 years reveal a shift from precipitation scarcity to excess heat driving concurrent droughts and heatwaves. The findings suggest bolstering risk assessment frameworks for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts.
A five-part series outlines a therapeutic risk management approach for assessing and managing the risk of 'other-directed violence' in patients with psychiatric disorders. The approach focuses on five essential elements: screening, assessment, and management of the risk of ODV.
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is widely used to predict major osteoporotic fractures, but experts warn that failing to calibrate for ethnicity could lead to large errors in fracture risk assessment. Ethnicity-specific models have been calibrated for specific populations, and their inclusion is crucial for accurate stratifica...
Researchers used facial photos to detect coronary artery disease using a deep learning algorithm, achieving high sensitivity and specificity rates. The study shows promise for developing a self-reported application to assess heart disease risk in advance of visiting a clinic.
Researchers have assembled a comprehensive checklist of Panama's tree species, including their estimated geographic ranges, providing a quantitative basis for assessing extinction risk and guiding conservation efforts. The study found that 16.2% of Panama's tree species had ranges less than 20,000 km2, signaling endangered status.
A recent analysis found that adults with rheumatoid arthritis had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to other individuals. The study, published in Arthritis Care & Research, used a US commercial insurance database and included over 449,000 people.
Researchers used social network analysis to simulate Sicilian Mafia networks and found that targeting individuals with high Betweenness centrality was effective in disrupting the network. The study provides new insights for law enforcement strategies, highlighting the potential benefits of applying network measures to select targets.
A study published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica found that HPV vaccination significantly reduces the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, a precancerous condition leading to cervical cancer. Vaccination coverage was high among young women born in 1993, resulting in a 30% lower risk compared to those...
A new study is analyzing how COVID-19 affects modern slavery survivors and victims, identifying risk factors such as non-detection, re-trafficking, and limited access to support services. The research aims to provide urgent recommendations for mitigation and protect those at risk from exploitation.
Patients who had previously suffered a vertebral fracture experienced an increased risk of major osteoporotic fractures after longer bisphosphonate drug holidays. The study suggests that these breaks may lead to a partial loss of protective effects against fractures, highlighting the need for individualized management decisions.
A new measure of social determinants of health has been developed and validated to predict cardiovascular disease mortality at the county level. The tool uses a multivariable risk score based on seven social determinants, showing better predictive performance than common single-measure area-level indexes.
A new analysis of 71 studies with over 950,000 participants found significantly higher odds of knee osteoarthritis in physically demanding job titles such as farmers and builders.
Columbia University engineers are developing a risk dashboard to assess and predict risks to the power grid. The project aims to create a decision-making tool for independent system operators, helping them make sound decisions quickly in time scales ranging from minutes to days.
A recent study published by the American College of Cardiology found that preterm delivery is a strong independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women throughout their lives. Women who gave birth before 37 weeks are at an increased risk of developing IHD, with risks remaining elevated even decades after delivery.
A new study urges judges to scrutinize algorithmic risk assessment tools used in criminal cases due to biases and weak statistical evidence. The review recommends three steps: fitness, accuracy, and reliability assessments to ensure the tool's relevance, performance, and trustworthiness.
A KAUST research team discovered that IQOS emits 62 compounds, 52 of which were not found in Philip Morris International tests, including diacetyl and potentially carcinogenic diethylhexyl phthalate.
The article highlights the importance of a risk governance framework in overcoming crises like Covid-19. Five key aspects are particularly relevant: increasing global capacities for scientific appraisal, analyzing public opinion and perception, effective crisis communication, risk evaluation, and management strategies.
Researchers at NUTRITION 2020 LIVE ONLINE explored the impact of COVID-19 on Nutrition 2020, which was canceled. The meeting covered various research findings, including the benefits of whole grains for diabetes risk and the dangers of empty calories in children.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that women who experience more pregnancy losses are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study analyzed data from over 247,000 women and found that each additional pregnancy loss increased the risk by 18-71%. Women with no previous pregnancies also had a significantly higher risk.
A Michigan State University scientist has proposed a point-of-care diagnostic platform using nanotechnology to diagnose COVID-19 infection and assess future risk. The platform uses nanoparticles or magnetic levitation to analyze biological fluids, creating unique patterns that can identify patients at high risk of death.
The EU is taking a cautious approach to gene drive organisms, considering their potential risks and benefits. The technology uses CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing to introduce permanent changes in ecosystems, raising concerns about long-term ecological impact.
A new perspective paper proposes reconciling differing views on range-shifting species to improve management. The authors suggest using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) to assess risk and develop management priorities.
Yale researchers developed a new approach to track COVID-19's spread by leveraging real-time population flow data, demonstrating its effectiveness in forecasting the outbreak and identifying high-risk areas. The model accurately predicted subsequent COVID-19 infections across China and corroborated official case counts.
A HKU-led study accurately tracks COVID-19 spread using population flow data, identifying high-risk locales through a risk assessment model. The researchers combined population flow data with confirmed cases to explain 96% of the spread's distribution and intensity across China.
Researchers developed an AI system that analyzes linguistic patterns to predict a youth's risk for committing acts of school violence. The system matches the clinical judgements and accuracy of psychiatrists 94 percent of the time, demonstrating its potential to help address youth violence at schools.
The Stanford study develops a calculation of the risk that shaking triggered by a given project will be felt in surrounding communities. The authors propose setting yellow-light thresholds approximately two magnitude units below the red light to reduce nuisance-level shaking.
Researchers developed CALM model to simulate pedestrian movement and predict disease spread on airplanes. The model produces results almost 60 times faster than SPED, enabling real-time decisions in emergency situations.
The study found that the risk of death from stroke fell by 24% over 15 years, with the one-year death rate decreasing from 32.6% to 20.15%. The risk of disability after a stroke also decreased by 23%, from 34.7% to 26.7%.
An observational study of 2,900 older residents found that long-term air pollution exposure increases the risk of developing dementia. Cardiovascular disease may contribute to this association by increasing blood flow and oxygenation to the brain, leading to neurodegenerative changes.