Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
New studies reveal a link between natural foodborne toxins and vaccine resistance, as well as increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular and neurological illnesses. Aflatoxin and lead contamination pose significant threats to public health worldwide.
A new study assesses the lava flow risk on Mt. Etna's flanks, highlighting high-risk areas near populated regions and critical infrastructure. The researchers used a GIS-based approach to map hazard, exposure, and risk, revealing that effusive eruptions could harm people, properties, and services.
The new position paper provides practical guidance for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis, including easy-to-use algorithms that illustrate decision pathways based on absolute risk of fracture. The paper aims to offer the most appropriate interventions to patients, with a focus on targeting therapeutic interventions for low, high and...
Researchers at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ have developed a model that can predict the effects of toxicants on sensitive individuals and species at very low concentrations. The model takes into account the interaction between toxicant concentration, individual sensitivity, and environmental stress.
A combined test of Renal Angina Index (RAI) and urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) can predict severe acute kidney injury risk in critically ill children, according to a recent study. This early identification allows for targeted interventions to reduce morbidity and hospital stay duration.
Researchers developed a new assessment to identify risks of frailty through blood biomarkers, providing potential solutions for personalized treatment. The study involved analyzing 1191 elderly people and identified 12 metabolites that differentiate between frail and non-frail individuals.
A new risk assessment model accurately predicted Ebola's spread into Uganda by considering constant contacts and temporary interactions. The model helped allocate resources and prevent further spread in the country.
A pooled analysis of 14 studies involving over 232,000 people found that any amount of running significantly lowers the risk of death from all causes. Even small doses of running, such as once weekly or less than 50 minutes, are associated with significant health and longevity benefits.
A study by St. Michael's Hospital found that living in less walkable neighborhoods is associated with a higher predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk, up to 33% higher than in the most walkable areas. Individuals in these neighborhoods also experience higher blood pressure and increased odds of prior diabetes diagnosis.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that irregular fluctuations in daily motor activity can predict increased risk of frailty, disability, and mortality in older adults. The researchers analyzed data from 1,275 participants and found that random activity fluctuations were associated with a 31% increase in frailty risk, 15-25%...
A federally funded study by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers shows that wearable accelerometers are a reliable tool for predicting death risk in older adults. The research found that an accurate and objective accounting of physical activity outperforms traditional predictors of mortality, such as age, smoking, diabetes, alcohol use, ...
A Danish study of over 300,000 children born between 1980-2000 found that higher parental income during childhood was linked to a lower risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. The study analyzed data on family income until age 15 and its association with the development of psychotic disorders.
Researchers identify TIMP-1 and D-lactic acid as potential biomarkers for preterm birth risk in resource-poor areas. The study aims to develop a cost-effective, point-of-care diagnostic test to assess the presence of known risk factors.
Researchers evaluated six options, including afforestation, wetland restoration, and soil carbon sequestration, finding they contribute positively to ecosystem services and SDGs. However, some options require risk management to avoid negative impacts on food production and clean water.
For most healthy individuals, statin use is uncertain and its benefits are small, while potential harms exist. The research suggests that lower-risk groups may not reach acceptable levels of risk reduction to justify taking daily statins.
Researchers have discovered a causal link between high blood pressure, obesity, and reduced lifespan in a massive genetic analysis of 700,000 individuals. By analyzing polygenic risk scores, the team identified blood pressure and obesity as key drivers of human longevity.
A team of Penn State students developed a multi-pronged data analysis approach to improve IoT device security. They applied statistical data, machine learning, and other methods to identify potential security breaches and develop predictive patterns to anticipate attacks.
A significant association between changes in income and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was found in this observational study. Participants who experienced a 50% or more decrease in income were at higher risk of developing CVD, including heart attack, coronary heart disease, and stroke, over an average follow-up period of 17 years.
Researchers analyzed a former methamphetamine-cooking house and found high levels of contamination in everyday items, including blinds, carpets, walls, and even toys. The study raises questions about the effectiveness of current surface detection methods in identifying indoor contamination risks.
A recent review found that individuals with good medication adherence have a lower risk of needing hospitalisation due to any cause (17% reduction) and long-term mortality risk (21% reduction). Medication non-adherence is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes in older populations.
Researchers reconstructed the Anak Krakatau flank collapse using satellite remote sensing data, finding it was triggered by a relatively small landslide. The study shows that the collapse changed the eruption style, leading to a more explosive and destructive event.
A new study highlights the importance of personal protective equipment in reducing workplace injuries and deaths among seafarers. The research found that PPE availability is the most significant factor in decreasing injury probability, with proper training also playing a crucial role.
Research from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health finds that exposure to the criminal justice system increases certain risk factors, including antisocial attitudes and behaviors. This challenges the use of risk assessments for predicting recidivism in individuals without prior system exposure.
Researchers at University of Texas at Austin are developing noninvasive computational modeling technology to assess heart attack risk. The project uses computer simulation technology to analyze individual patients' vulnerability to plaque rupture, which can trigger a heart attack.
A recent study reassesses nuclear safety by prioritizing both objective and subjective risks, aiming to reduce psychological and physical trauma. The guidelines advocate for improved system resilience and shift towards systems-thinking in risk assessment.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin develops a predictive model for sorting delinquent credit card users into categories based on their likelihood of paying back overdue debt. The model can help banks determine when to chase debts and when to let them go, reducing financial risks and uncertainty.
Researchers developed a Military Logistics Network Planning System to help military leaders better account for logistical risk and uncertainty. The system forecasts logistical outcomes based on available data, accounts for risk, and provides decision-making aid.
Researchers developed a risk score using thousands of chest x-rays to predict long-term mortality. The system achieved high accuracy in identifying individuals at increased risk, providing valuable insights for healthcare.
A new model, called the Military Logistics Network Planning System (MLNPS), draws on logistical data and operational information to assess risk and forecast logistical outcomes. The MLNPS can help military leaders identify efficient means of meeting logistical needs and account for uncertainty during expeditionary operations.
Researchers developed a novel method to identify patients at high risk of HIV infection, which can benefit from preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies. The algorithm analyzed electronic health records and successfully distinguished between patients who did or did not acquire HIV, with high precision.
A large health insurance database analysis reveals people living with HIV have a significantly higher risk of heart failure and stroke. Researchers found a 3.2-times increased risk of heart failure and 2.7-times increased risk of stroke in those living with HIV compared to uninfected individuals.
A new assessment reveals that older adults' independence is the most significant factor in their vulnerability to extreme heat. The study found that individuals with limited financial and physical assets are more susceptible to temperature extremes, highlighting the need for tailored support strategies.
A new machine learning approach using coronary CT scans shows better results than existing models in predicting heart attacks and cardiac events. The study found that the AI-based method can identify patients at higher risk more accurately, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
A study found that high levels of immunoglobulin G were associated with increased pain disability and comorbidities in TMD patients. Additionally, a chair-side risk assessment tool based on orofacial symptoms, headaches, and teeth grinding was developed to facilitate dental treatment planning.
A new study found that perceived effectiveness of positive reinforcement and owner confidence are crucial factors in using such techniques. The researchers suggest that practical support and emotional well-being management are essential for owners to develop confidence in training their dogs.
Researcher's groundbreaking contributions to structural health monitoring and life-cycle assessment have transformed policies and practices in building infrastructure components. His work has saved time, money, and likely lives, while advancing sustainable development and resilience.
The current Norwegian Barents Sea oil spill risk governance framework is inadequate for integrating multiple risk frames and knowledge systems. Social learning and collaborative knowledge production are essential for developing a shared understanding of the problem situation and solutions.
Coral reefs face growing danger from climate change, local pollution, and habitat destruction. New interventions, such as breeding corals with greater heat resistance and genetic manipulation, show promise but vary in readiness levels.
A new study in Journal of Applied Ecology proposes ways to improve risk assessments for endangered species by incorporating accurate population growth rates and survival data. The models more closely reflect reality by assessing long-used assumptions and proposing analytics that better reflect the impact of survival and reproduction.
Regular use of glucosamine supplements is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events, including coronary heart disease and stroke. The study found a significant reduction in CVD events among glucosamine users, with stronger associations observed in smokers and those who mimic a low-carbohydrate diet.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and Johns Hopkins University have identified 25 US counties at high risk for measles outbreaks. The analysis considered international travel and vaccination rates, predicting over 1,000 cases in the US this year.
A new analysis predicts top 25 US counties at risk for measles outbreaks in 2019, considering non-medical exemptions, international air travel, and population data. The study identifies regions with low vaccination rates and high passenger inflow from affected countries as areas of high risk.
A large study found that HER2 expression can predict DCIS recurrence and progression, enabling targeted treatments for high-risk patients. By screening DCIS patients for HER2, doctors can minimize the chance of recurrence or spread in lower-risk patients.
A large study found that quitting cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer in postmenopausal women. The risk continued to decrease after 10 years of quitting, but even after 30 or more years, risk remained higher for those who had smoked than never-smokers.
A novel method assesses combined risk of multiple tap water pollutants in California, estimating over 15,000 cancer cases. The study uses a cumulative approach to calculate health impacts of carcinogens and toxic contaminants in public water systems.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that women with a history of bariatric surgery are at higher risk of premature birth, congenital anomalies, and low birth weight. Health professionals should provide additional support and monitoring for these high-risk pregnancies.
Researchers from Boston University Schools of Medicine have developed a fast and accurate approach to assessing the carcinogenicity of chemicals. The new method uses machine learning algorithms to distinguish between carcinogens and non-carcinogens, providing a cost-effective solution for prioritizing chemicals for further testing.
Actuarial risk assessments can reduce inconsistencies, but also reproduce class-based and race-based inequalities. The use of proprietary algorithms raises questions of transparency and fairness.
A study of 5,540 adults found that difficulty with everyday tasks in midlife is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization, nursing home admission, and death. Middle-age individuals struggling with instrumental activities like managing finances and medication have increased mortality rates.
Researchers developed a new dose-response function to predict the probability of illness from low-dose exposures. This approach combines 'bottom-up' biologically-based modeling with 'top-down' statistical analyses, increasing efficiency in risk assessment.
Researchers found that PFASs, such as PFOS and PFNA, have high binding affinities to Baikal seal PPARα, suggesting a role in toxicity. In vitro and in silico approaches revealed interspecies differences in the binding of PFASs to PPARα.
The EDC-MixRisk project reveals that current regulations underestimate health risks associated with combined exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals, affecting fetal development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study highlights the need for a novel approach to mixture risk assessment and emphasizes the importance of considering...
A study of over 500 Chinese students reveals that cultural background and environment significantly impact risk aversion. Mosuo girls, from a matrilineal culture, become increasingly risk-averse with age, while Han girls in a patriarchal culture show less risk aversion.
Researchers develop 3D-printed coronary phantoms to validate CT-FFR diagnostic software, improving non-invasive CAD risk assessment. The phantom models replicate patient vasculature, allowing for physiological testing and efficient validation of CT-FFR estimation methods.
A large-scale study of 187 explorers and 11,000 households found no correlation between birth order and risk-taking behavior in adulthood. The research suggests that family dynamics do not impact an individual's willingness to take risks in adulthood.
A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal found that mothers who give birth at night, on weekends, or in teaching hospitals are more likely to experience delivery complications. The study analyzed over two million cases from 2005 to 2010 and found a significant increase in complications during night shifts, weeke...
A new model developed by University at Buffalo engineers emphasizes an additional factor: the losses associated with human fatalities and injuries. This tweak throws the current system off-track, suggesting that some states receive an outsized share of fire protection money, while others are shortchanged.
A study of 1.7 million Chinese adults found 10% at high heart disease risk, yet only 3% taking statins or aspirin for prevention. The low uptake is attributed to a lack of awareness among patients and providers in China.
A study of 230,732 women found that long-term smoking cessation reduces the risk of a certain form of rheumatoid arthritis by 37%. This type of RA tends to have a more severe disease course with joint deformities and disability.
A large-scale study validated four widely used breast cancer risk models, finding that family-history-based models outperform non-family-history based models. The study's findings suggest that all women would benefit from risk assessment involving detailed family histories.