Research on identifying and measuring risk. Covers rock-avalanche modeling, cardiovascular risk, food-toxin safety, and heart calcium scans.
Maternal smoking is associated with a higher risk of strabismus in children, which can lead to visual impairment and emotional problems. A study of 11 relevant articles found that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk by up to 79 percent.
The new guidelines review and update the 2013 European guidance for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Key findings include the importance of evaluating bone microstructure and using FRAX tools in fracture risk assessment, as well as the need for long-term dietary intakes and monitoring drug treatment.
A large-scale Swedish study found that removing the appendix reduces Parkinson's disease risk by about 19.3%, with a greater effect seen in rural populations potentially counteracting environmental risk factors like pesticide exposure. Early intervention strategies targeting alpha-synuclein accumulation could be promising.
Researchers developed a new approach to measure the resilience of humans and animals using data from wearable sensors. The Dynamic Indicators of Resilience (DIORs) can detect risks of health collapse and collapse of system components, such as mood and posture, allowing for early detection and intervention.
A new study found that Black men have a higher rate of reincarceration and shorter time to reentry compared to other groups, even with lower risk scores on standardized tools. This suggests that systemic issues such as racism and implicit bias play a significant role in recidivism rates.
Researchers from the University of Stirling used European Union data to assess the risk of imported farmed shrimp, finding it to be comparable to other seafood products. The study analyzed 18 years of data and found that consumers would need to eat over 300g of shrimp per day to exceed safe limits for antimicrobials.
A study found that people generally prefer self-driving cars to stay in their lane and perform an emergency stop, even if it means risking collision with pedestrians or bystanders. The research suggests that this default action is morally acceptable, even if it doesn't minimize expected loss.
A new study found that cataract patients have a 29% increased risk of developing osteoporosis or fractures compared to healthy controls. Patients who underwent cataract surgery had a 42% lower risk of developing osteoporosis or fracture.
A recent meta-analysis of published studies found that processed meat consumption is associated with a 9% higher breast cancer risk. However, no significant association was observed between red (unprocessed) meat intake and breast cancer risk. The study suggests cutting down processed meat may be beneficial for preventing breast cancer.
A brief assessment of emergency department (ED) threat perceptions can identify patients at risk for developing cardiac-induced PTSD. The study developed a seven-item measure to assess subjective feelings of helplessness or lack of control in ED patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome.
A team at University of Tsukuba developed a tool to image atherosclerotic plaque development in mice, allowing for the evaluation of drugs and analysis of individual patient risk. The method involves expressing fluorescent protein in immune cells that congregate in plaque, enabling accurate measurement of plaque quantity and progression.
A recent study has shown that adding genetic factors to existing risk assessments can help predict future major coronary events in people with type 2 diabetes. The genetic score provides a significant improvement in correctly predicting cardiovascular risk, particularly when used early in life.
The Lipid-Rich Plaque (LRP) study found a significant correlation between non-flow-limiting lipid-rich plaques detected by NIRS-IVUS and the development of major adverse cardiac events. The study showed that patients with higher maxLCBI4mm values had a higher risk of experiencing non-culprit MACE events within 24 months.
A new study published in The Gerontologist found that older adults with a 'fall plan of care' are less likely to suffer fall-related hospitalizations. This initiative, which includes screening for fall risk, assessing modifiable risk factors, and prescribing evidence-based interventions, was shown to reduce hospitalizations by 0.6 times.
An analysis of published studies reveals that being overweight or obese is associated with a one-third increase in risk of urinary incontinence for young to mid-aged women. The risk is doubled in women with obesity. The findings suggest that lifestyle interventions may play a role in preventing and managing incontinence.
A study found that rock climbers seek out sites with more single-pitch routes, better landscapes, and lower median difficulty to reduce injury risk. The results suggest that decreasing injury risk generates significant welfare gains for climbers, with estimated values ranging from $18 to $327 per site.
A nationwide health claims analysis from Korea found smoking increases dementia risk, while quitting reduces it by up to 32%. Long-term quitters had a 14% lower risk of dementia compared to continual smokers, while never smokers had an 18% reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that genetic variation was the only factor associated with increased fracture risk, while vitamin D levels and calcium intake were not linked. Bone mineral density remained a key predictor of fracture risk.
A new study has evaluated the quality of YouTube videos for facial plastics information, revealing they can present biased information and offer an unbalanced assessment of risks and benefits. The study suggests these videos may not provide clear guidance on the qualifications of featured practitioners.
A study published in JAMA Dermatology found that adults who use sunless tanning products continue to engage in risky tanning behaviors, such as indoor tanning and sunburn. The researchers suggest that these products may inadvertently reinforce desires for tanned skin, making them ineffective in reducing skin cancer rates.
A six-year California records analysis found that vaginal mesh use is not associated with an increased risk of repeat surgery for recurrent prolapse. Careful patient selection is key to achieving good outcomes. The study suggests using strategies to balance surgical complication risks versus the risk of surgery for recurrent prolapse.
The new GSA resource provides practical advice for gerontological professionals to support safe use of OTC analgesics in older adults. Key findings highlight the importance of evaluating pain thoroughly and developing a care plan, with consideration of nonprescription treatment options.
A national population-based cohort study found that weight loss surgery reduced the risk of hormone-related cancers (breast, endometrial, or prostate cancer) by 77%. However, gastric bypass was associated with a greater than twofold increased risk of colorectal cancer.
The USPSTF concludes that current evidence is insufficient to make recommendations on screening for PAD and CVD risk with ABI in asymptomatic adults. Additionally, the task force finds that adding ABI, hsCRP level, and CAC score to traditional risk assessments does not prevent CVD events in asymptomatic adults.
A new study reveals that many drivers do not perceive texting and driving as dangerous, despite being six times more likely to be involved in a car crash. The study found that factors such as fear of missing out and separation anxiety contribute to this behavior.
A predictive model analysis of Medicare claims reveals that less than 5% of end-of-life healthcare spending goes to those with a mortality risk above 50%, who are more likely to survive. Adjusting for the amount spent on sick individuals, 30-50% of end-of-life spending can be eliminated without affecting survival rates or quality of life
A new study by researchers at Uppsala University found that the pesticide linuron impairs male frogs' fertility and causes a female-biased sex ratio. The study used the West African clawed frog as a model organism to investigate the effects of pesticides on amphibian reproduction.
The USPSTF recommends against adding ECG screening to standard risk assessment to prevent CVD events in asymptomatic adults at low risk. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among adults in the United States, but ECG screening has not been proven to reduce CVD events.
Removal of tonsils and adenoids in childhood increases long-term risks of respiratory, allergic, and infectious diseases. The study suggests delaying surgery if possible to aid normal immune system development and reduce potential later-life disease risks.
Researchers have identified a safer way to make rugby tackles by reducing the impact on the head. The recommended techniques include tackling at the lower trunk and avoiding high-impact tackles to the upper trunk. These strategies aim to minimize the risk of concussions and other head injuries.
A new study by Rice University sociologist Robert Werth suggests that risk assessment tools in the US parole system contribute to higher incarceration rates. The study found that these tools consider everyone a risk, leading to an environment where most people are supervised closely.
The study analyzed geographic, organizational, and system levels relating to fluoride varnish administration and risk-based oral evaluations. Key findings include the importance of proper training, access to patient data, and leadership engagement in facilitating interprofessional oral health practices.
A recent study published in Risk Analysis found that the public expects self-driving vehicles (SDVs) to be four to five times as safe as human-driven vehicles. To be accepted, SDVs must reduce traffic fatalities by at least 75-80%.
Arthritis patients with poor sleep quality reported lower weekly minutes of moderate-vigorous activity. Participants with restless sleep had 11.9% and 23.7% less physical activity compared to those with rare restless sleep.
A new combined risk score model integrates CHA2DS2-VASc and Intermountain Risk Scores to derive and validate a new stroke prediction score, nearly doubling ability to predict stroke risk. The integrated IMRS-VASc model assigns people more accurately to the risk group that relates to their actual prognosis.
Researchers have detected small earthquakes caused by migrating gases in the underground, particularly in the Istanbul-Marmara region. The study found that natural gas reservoirs near tectonic disturbances can trigger weaker earthquakes as a result of gas escaping and moving upwards.
The AVIATOR 2 international registry found significant discrepancies between physician-perceived risks and calculated scores for stroke, ischemic risk, and bleeding in patients with AF undergoing PCI. The study used a novel smartphone-based survey to capture physician and patient perspectives on antithrombotic therapies after PCI.
A study published in The Lancet found that excessive oxygen therapy increases mortality among critically ill patients. Data from over 16,000 adult patients with various acute conditions revealed a 21% higher risk of in-hospital death with liberal oxygen administration.
The US military is developing a machine-learning tool to help primary care doctors better detect suicide risk and respond more effectively, with an 80-90% accuracy rate. The tool will be integrated into the Navy's electronic health records and provide real-time alerts to doctors.
A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal reveals that individuals' past tornado experiences significantly impact their perception of future tornado risks. The research found that memorable past experiences shape people's fear, dread, worry, and depression, while multiple experiences influence their belief that t...
A large Danish study found that individuals with clinically-diagnosed diabetes were identified 2.2 years later than those in the screening group, resulting in lower healthcare costs. The study suggests that early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes could lead to significant cost savings.
Internet gaming disorder has a complex background of personal, familial, and environmental factors that increase risk for certain individuals. The review notes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is a good starting point for diagnosing IGD.
A study found that structural and functional connections between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex are associated with individual differences in risk tolerance. Individuals with higher risk tolerance had larger amygdalas and more functional connections, suggesting a link between brain function and economic decision-making.
A study from the University of Iowa found that pre-pregnant women with higher fitness levels had a 21% lower risk of developing gestational diabetes. Moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, can help reduce this risk.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology found that omega-3 levels were better predictors of death risk than serum cholesterol. The study showed a 33% reduction in mortality risk among participants with highest omega-3 blood levels, indicating a potential marker for overall health.
Researchers developed a framework to measure an athlete's risk of injury using IoT technology, combining data from smartphones, devices, and injury surveillance. The study found that athletes who played at least eight games had more than three times greater odds of injury occurrence.
A comprehensive review of gaps in risk assessments for adjuvants in commercial pesticides highlights the need for new regulations to protect people and the environment. The review found that exposure to environmental levels of some adjuvant mixtures can affect non-target organisms and even cause chronic human disease.
A new study presents a machine learning algorithm that accurately predicts heart attack diagnoses with a 94% accuracy rate, outperforming standard clinical models. The algorithm uses large collections of patient data to identify patterns and improve routine processes in healthcare delivery.
A study found that commonly used ICU risk scores can be adapted to provide continuous updates on the severity of illness in critically ill patients. The scores, including APACHE, SOFA, and DRS, showed good accuracy in predicting mortality risk and were more responsive to changes in patient condition.
A Taiwanese database study of 55,629 patients with hypertension found no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme selective NSAIDs and nonselective NSAIDs. Most commonly used NSAIDs have similar cardiovascular safety profiles under low-to-moderate daily doses and short-term treatment periods.
A new study published in HeartRhythm found that blacks with atrial fibrillation are more likely to experience an ischemic stroke before or after diagnosis compared to white patients. The study analyzed data from nearly 3,500 patients and showed that black patients were 62% more likely to have had an ischemic stroke prior to AF diagnosis.
A new study has found that a short five-minute treadmill test can predict the risk of premature death, similar to the traditional maximal fitness test. This submaximal fitness test requires less time and is more comfortable for patients, making it an attractive option for clinicians.
A 25-year study found a higher risk of fatal traffic crashes after 4:20 p.m. on April 20 compared to the same time period on other days. The study analyzed data from 1.3 million drivers involved in 882,483 crashes between 1992 and 2016.
Experts emphasize need for standardized quality review, transparent data sharing and greater stakeholder involvement in risk assessment. Workshop participants agree on importance of harmonized system for efficient regulation.
Researchers develop risk assessment framework to incorporate three common failure modes into a comprehensive strategy. The analysis finds that any risk assessment must consider all pertinent failure modes of a structure.
A new study found that individuals who choose to stay during wildfires have a higher tolerance for risk and believe they can prepare their property. Issuing voluntary or mandatory evacuation orders significantly decreases the odds of staying, while relying on physical cues increases the likelihood of waiting and seeing.
A study published in JAMA found that patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are at increased risk of stroke after non-cardiac surgery. The researchers analyzed data from over 150,000 patients and found that approximately 3.2% of those with a PFO experienced a stroke within 30 days, compared to 0.5% without one.
A systematic review found that living kidney donors have higher diastolic blood pressure, poorer renal function, and increased risk of end-stage renal disease. Female donors are at increased risk for preeclampsia and pregnancy-related complications.
A review of evidence published in The BMJ found that smoking just one cigarette a day carries a higher risk of heart disease and stroke than expected. Smoking only a few cigarettes per day is associated with a significantly increased risk of these two major disorders, making it crucial for smokers to quit instead of cutting down.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation has published country-specific FRAX-based intervention and assessment thresholds for seven Latin American countries, enhancing fracture risk assessment. The thresholds vary significantly across the countries, emphasizing the need for tailored prevention programs.