Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A Delphi survey conducted by City University reveals that experts prioritize protecting personal privacy online due to risks like cyberbullying and financial loss. The study identifies key areas for further research into online privacy, including social networks and regulation.
Statisticians have calculated the probability of ships becoming beset in ice along the Northern Sea Route, supporting safer maritime transport planning and oil spill prevention. The study's results also benefit authorities regulating maritime traffic by providing a foundation for statutes and legislation.
A new study suggests that volcano alerts issued during long periods of volcanic unrest can decline housing prices and other economic indicators. The greatest exception was Mount St. Helens, where volcano tourism and proximity to Portland may have mitigated the impact.
A study by the European Society of Cardiology found that vital exhaustion is associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction in men. Symptoms of vital exhaustion include excessive fatigue, demoralization, and increased irritability, particularly in individuals experiencing prolonged exposure to psychological stressors.
George Mason University professors support a partnership between U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the university to gather incident rate data using isolation architecture. The goal is to derive technical efficiency and cost effectiveness of this approach for Federal Civilian Executive Branch.
A multiyear workplace health promotion program was shown to prevent health risks among working-age individuals. The study found that participants remained at the same level or improved their rating, while only a small percentage deteriorated.
The NIH has developed a framework for reporting polygenic risk scores, which provide an estimate of an individual's inherited risk for diseases. The new guidelines aim to improve the validity, transparency, and reproducibility of polygenic risk scores in clinical care.
A new study examines the application of a risk assessment tool in child welfare decision-making and finds drastically different approaches between two states. The 'Goldilocks problem' highlights the challenges of standardizing a complex process, where too much rigidity can lead to inaccurate outcomes.
The new USPSTF recommendation doubles the number of eligible adults for lung cancer screening from 6.4 million to 14.5 million. However, experts argue that this expansion may not address racial inequities and highlights the need for individualized risk assessment and genetic risk models.
A recent study published in Circulation shows that combining genetic risk with LDL cholesterol levels can accurately predict heart attack risk. The study reveals that individuals with a high polygenic predisposition for heart attack, regardless of their LDL level, are at increased risk.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that regular physical activity significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes for people living in polluted regions. The research, conducted in Taiwan, investigated the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk.
PFAS substances are ubiquitous in the environment, found in soil, water, and wildlife. Research highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate potential toxicity to humans and wildlife, with data gaps identified for devising an approach.
A new study suggests that grandfathered rates in the National Flood Insurance Program could lead to losses for the NFIP as flood risk grows due to rising sea levels. Experts recommend replacing grandfathering with a gradual phase-in of risk-based insurance prices and providing means-tested assistance to lower-income households.
The global polio eradication initiative is facing setbacks due to ongoing outbreaks in Afghanistan and Pakistan, despite significant progress made since 2015. The recent special issue of Risk Analysis evaluates the GPEI strategies and finds that the initiative was off track even before the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted immunization activ...
Businesses are increasingly required to assess their vulnerability to climate change, but complex climate models pose a challenge for risk assessment and decision-making. A paradigm shift is needed to elevate climate modeling to operational weather forecasting level, providing tangible value to businesses.
New research documents how stringent FGM safeguarding measures are leaving families feeling racially profiled, criminalised and stigmatised. The study proposes a series of national recommendations to address FGM in a more compassionate and inclusive way.
A new study found that people are more likely to assign blame and responsibility to a vehicle's automated system and its manufacturer rather than the human driver when a crash occurs. Researchers call this bias 'blame attribution asymmetry,' which may affect other cooperative situations involving humans and machines.
A new study published in Risk Analysis found that fear-based Virtual Reality films depicting violent collisions lead to increased risk-taking among young drivers. In contrast, positively framed VR films result in the greatest reduction in risky driving behavior. This suggests that a positive approach may be more effective in promoting ...
A leading academic expert, Dr Simon Harwood, is calling for a radical overhaul of the UK's approach to national security. He suggests creating a comprehensive resilience framework that not only identifies risks but also outlines steps to mitigate them.
Researchers propose a Food Safety Monitoring System that uses text mining to analyze consumer comments on websites, flagging products associated with food-related illnesses. The system was tested on Amazon reviews and IWasPoisoned.com data, identifying specific brands of protein bars and herbal teas as high-risk products.
Patients undergoing aortic surgery are at high risk of developing intraoperative pressure injuries due to increased incidence compared to other cardiac surgeries. Nurses should thoroughly assess risk and implement preventative interventions for high-risk patients.
A new multi-institution study provides more accurate estimates of breast cancer risk for US women with inherited mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes. The findings may allow healthcare providers to better assess the risk of breast cancer and provide more appropriate risk management strategies.
A pooled analysis of 17 studies involving over 562,000 participants found that fried food consumption is associated with a heightened risk of major cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. The risk increases by 3%, 2%, and 12% for every additional 114g weekly serving.
A new study found that people with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) have a two to four times higher risk of future cardiovascular events. The more extensive the calcium buildup, the greater the risk.
A large-scale genetic analysis of over 200,000 men from diverse backgrounds identified 86 new risk factors for prostate cancer. The study found significant disparities in risk between racial and ethnic groups, with African American men inheriting twice the risk of European American counterparts.
Preliminary data from the non-powered U.S. Phase 2 study showed that orally-administered opaganib was safe and demonstrated consistent trends of greater improvement in reducing oxygen requirement across key primary and secondary efficacy outcomes. The opaganib-treated arm demonstrated a greater improvement in reaching room air, reducti...
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
A new model uses satellite data, machine learning, and human rights expertise to identify vessels at high risk of engaging in forced labor. Up to 26% of the global fishing fleet was found to be at high risk, with an estimated 100,000 individuals working on these vessels.
The Society for Risk Analysis awarded six scholarly and service awards, naming seven new Fellows for outstanding contributions to risk analysis. The recipients include Roger Flage, Ann Bostrom, Amber Jessup, Richard Forshee, Tom Burke, Anthony Fauci, and six others.
Researchers recommend integrating modelling tools and empirical data to gain a comprehensive understanding of systemic risks. Effective governance requires interdisciplinary cooperation, close monitoring systems, and public stakeholder participation to ensure adaptable and inclusive management of these complex risks.
Research studies have detected microplastics in drinking water globally, particularly in California and New York. These findings highlight the urgent need for standardization of methods to analyze microplastics and implementation of regulations to mitigate their impact on human health.
Dysphagia diagnosis and treatment are being conducted remotely using telemedicine, enabling safe care for COVID-19 patients. Clinicians use digital methods to assess swallowing ability and identify potential complications.
Research studies have found that 3D printer emissions can cause moderate toxicity in human lung cells and minimal toxicity in rats. The emitted particles can affect indoor air quality and public health, particularly for children who are more susceptible to the effects of these emissions.
Researchers find that styrene oligomers (SOs) dilute in water at different rates, with lighter molecules leaching out more readily. The study suggests using a ratio of SO dimers and trimers to identify the source of contamination and estimate bioavailable fractions.
Researchers developed a polygenic risk score to assess breast cancer risk in carriers of high-risk mutations. The score provides a more accurate estimate, especially for close relatives, and has the potential to save lives by targeting cancer screening.
A recent study analyzed risk factors and racial disparities among US patients with specific types of cancer who contracted COVID-19. The research found significant differences in outcomes between cancer types and racial groups.
Declining biodiversity is putting nature's contributions to people at risk, impacting crop yields and soil productivity. The degradation of environmental conditions also increases exposure to floods and storms, affecting human well-being and prosperity.
A new deep learning model predicts breast cancer risk with greater accuracy, leveraging subtle imaging biomarkers in mammograms. The model outperforms traditional risk assessment models, providing more accurate and cost-effective care for patients.
A European team has identified the most urgent invasive species to eradicate in Europe, including the golden apple snail and water hyacinths. The study prioritizes species based on risk of establishment and impact on the environment and economy.
Research found that people of Black ethnicity are twice as likely to contract COVID-19 as those of White ethnicity, while those from Asian backgrounds face a 1.5 times higher risk. The study also highlights increased risks of hospitalization and death for these groups.
A recent study published at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2020 found that U.S.-born Black women have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia compared to Black women who immigrated to the country. The study analyzed data from nearly 4,000 Black women in Boston and found that foreign-born Black women had a 26% low...
Researchers found that direct-tie asymmetry has an inverted U-shaped effect on a firm's abnormal returns, while indirect-tie asymmetry has a U-shaped effect on its risk. The study highlights the importance of assessing a potential alliance partner's ties relative to the focal firm's own ties.
Researchers found that quitting smoking at any age reduces excess risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease by about 90%. Those who quit between ages 15 to 34 had about the same risk as peers who never smoked, while those who quit later had significantly higher risks.
Researchers developed a model to assess the relative risks of airborne transmission of COVID-19, finding that physical distancing increases protection in a linear proportion. The study also suggests that simple cloth masks can significantly reduce the spread of the virus and that increased physical activity increases transmission risk.
A recent study published in Risk Analysis suggests that Effective Fiber Mask Programs (EFMPs) can help communities balance economy and curb community spread. By using non-woven materials like cotton batting, the effectiveness of cloth masks can be improved by up to 90% against aerosol particles.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital identified several biomarkers that can predict the risk of preeclampsia from a blood sample drawn at 12 weeks gestation. The study also found possible subtypes of preeclampsia linked to platelet dysfunction and complement system dysfunction.
A new study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on osteoporosis management worldwide. With FRAX fracture risk calculations down by 58% in April 2020 alone, it's estimated that over 0.5 million patients were excluded from risk assessment and necessary treatment within a 3-month period.
Researchers developed an algorithm to predict sex-specific adverse drug effects, identifying 20,817 adverse drug effects posing sex-specific risks. The algorithm addresses confounding biases and provides an opportunity to minimize adverse events by tailoring drug prescription and dosage to sex.
A new study published in Transplantation found that organ transplant recipients are at a higher risk of death from COVID-19 due to the use of hydroxychloroquine treatment. The study examined data from COVID-19 positive adult solid organ transplant recipients and non-transplant patients matched by age, race, and hospital admission status.
A systematic review found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), with ICU patients at the highest risk. The study estimated that up to 28% of critically ill patients may develop deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
A population study of over 189,000 Swedish individuals found that those with ADHD who experienced financial distress were three to four times more likely to commit suicide. The study also showed that ADHD treatments did not alleviate financial struggles in adults with the disorder.
A study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment did not cause lethal heart rhythms in COVID-19 patients who were at risk for this complication. The research showed a low rate of arrhythmias, with none associated with hydroxychloroquine use.
Climate data from 122 years reveal a shift from precipitation scarcity to excess heat driving concurrent droughts and heatwaves. The findings suggest bolstering risk assessment frameworks for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts.
A five-part series outlines a therapeutic risk management approach for assessing and managing the risk of 'other-directed violence' in patients with psychiatric disorders. The approach focuses on five essential elements: screening, assessment, and management of the risk of ODV.
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is widely used to predict major osteoporotic fractures, but experts warn that failing to calibrate for ethnicity could lead to large errors in fracture risk assessment. Ethnicity-specific models have been calibrated for specific populations, and their inclusion is crucial for accurate stratifica...
Researchers used facial photos to detect coronary artery disease using a deep learning algorithm, achieving high sensitivity and specificity rates. The study shows promise for developing a self-reported application to assess heart disease risk in advance of visiting a clinic.
Researchers have assembled a comprehensive checklist of Panama's tree species, including their estimated geographic ranges, providing a quantitative basis for assessing extinction risk and guiding conservation efforts. The study found that 16.2% of Panama's tree species had ranges less than 20,000 km2, signaling endangered status.
A new study is analyzing how COVID-19 affects modern slavery survivors and victims, identifying risk factors such as non-detection, re-trafficking, and limited access to support services. The research aims to provide urgent recommendations for mitigation and protect those at risk from exploitation.
A recent analysis found that adults with rheumatoid arthritis had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to other individuals. The study, published in Arthritis Care & Research, used a US commercial insurance database and included over 449,000 people.
Researchers used social network analysis to simulate Sicilian Mafia networks and found that targeting individuals with high Betweenness centrality was effective in disrupting the network. The study provides new insights for law enforcement strategies, highlighting the potential benefits of applying network measures to select targets.