Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has proposed a research-based concept to identify chemical combinations with potential health effects. The concept aims to provide a feasible approach to identify potentially health-relevant mixtures and background exposures across regulatory silos.
A new study from the University of California, Santa Cruz, develops a comprehensive framework to determine when short-term changes in behavior caused by human activities have biological significance. The framework highlights the importance of life history traits and specific characteristics of disturbances in assessing vulnerability.
The study found that patients with low risk of exacerbations do not benefit from low to moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids, while high doses are associated with severe side effects. Tailoring treatment according to patient characteristics, such as age and blood cell count, can minimize over- and underuse of inhaled corticosteroids.
A new study by Tufts University researchers identifies a high risk of forced labor in US fruits and vegetables, with most food-country combinations coded as high risk. The study's findings highlight the need for policymakers, farmers, and food companies to address systemic issues in food supply chains.
A study found that combined drinking and smoking after the first trimester may be associated with a significantly increased risk of late stillbirth. The observational study suggests that this exposure may be particularly concerning for women who do not have pre-existing health conditions.
The Stoffenmanager and Advanced REACH Tool models have significant deficiencies in their use, affecting chemical safety assessments. The models are based on subjective parameter values and lack physical principles, leading to uncertainty in exposure values.
A deep learning tool for sarcopenia assessment on CT scans shows similar utility in predicting hip fractures and death at both L1 and L3 vertebral levels. Muscle attenuation measurements performed better than muscle area assessments, likely due to the inclusion of intramuscular fat.
Researchers will track oral health behaviors and caries risk in low-income urban young children over five years, collecting data on caregiver-reported habits, dental plaque scores, and social risk factors. The study aims to understand the impact of community-level factors on individual behaviors.
Research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that cannabis use disorder (CUD) may be a risk factor for poorer COVID-19 outcomes due to a genetic predisposition. CUD was found to account for up to 40% of genetically influenced risk factors, such as body mass index and diabetes, for severe COVID-19 presentations.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found no substantial link between limited in-person attendance at NFL and NCAA football games and increased local COVID-19 cases. The research suggests that the events were not a significant source of transmission for the virus.
A large-scale population-based study confirms that COVID-19 vaccines far outweigh the risk of Bell's palsy. The study found a small increased risk of Bell's palsy associated with CoronaVac vaccination, but not with BNT162b2.
A study analyzing 7,000 tree falls in São Paulo City found that most occurrences occur in the rainy season due to weather conditions. However, a significant number of trees fell during the dry season, attributed to poor management and inadequate conditions for street vegetation.
Researchers say surprise is a key factor in disastrous river floods, with improved flood warnings and protection measures contributing to declining casualties. Asia is the worst-hit region, with over 125 million people affected annually by such disasters.
Researchers analyzed association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with breast cancer (BC) by molecular subtype among 296 cases and 259 healthy controls. High hsCRP was associated with increased odds of triple-negative BC, luminal A BC, and HER2-enriched BC.
A recent UNSW study found that women who received their polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer experienced minimal regret and reduced distress compared to those who declined. The researchers also discovered that more women reported regret about not knowing their PRS score, highlighting the importance of providing clear informatio...
Countries lagging behind in renewable energy adoption risk lower industrial competitiveness and economic instability. Uneven transition patterns can exacerbate existing international tensions, making it difficult for late decarbonizers to catch up with early movers.
The study suggests that COVID-19 eradication is technically possible due to the availability of safe vaccines, lifelong immunity, and effective government management. However, securing high vaccine coverage and responding quickly to variants are major challenges.
Researchers identified seven 'pinch points' where moderate eruptions could have catastrophic global consequences, including disruptions to global supply chains and financial systems. These regions include Taiwan, North Africa, the North Atlantic, and the US state of Washington.
A systematic evaluation of COVID-19 studies in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis found high risk of bias and quality issues. The median score for all studies was 47.2% indicating a high risk of bias, mainly due to selection bias.
A new ultrasonic method improves fetal weight prediction accuracy by analyzing three-dimensional limb volumes and abdominal circumferences. The algorithm outperforms traditional formulas in predicting macrosomia and birth weights.
Researchers found no evidence of increased suicide risk among patients taking recently developed antiseizure medications. The study suggests that the FDA's blanket warning on anti-seizure medications may not be justified, highlighting concerns about its impact on patient treatment and trial results.
Researchers found that high-impact weather events can be extreme, especially in context of human activities. Detailed hypothermia risk forecasts were not available for the race site, contributing to tragedy. The study highlights the need for improved warning systems and collaborations among scientists, governments, social media, and ci...
A new study by the University of Notre Dame links toxic pollution and climate risks to human health, with a focus on addressing these issues in countries most at risk. The study identifies the top 10 countries that require urgent attention, including Singapore, Rwanda, China, and India.
Regular physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior are linked to lower risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies found that exercising for just two hours a week can lower OSA risk by 54%, while spending less than four hours watching TV daily reduces the risk by 78%. Increasing physical activity in leisure time or reducing se...
A Skoltech team developed a model to assess infection risks for supermarket customers. The composite model incorporates social forces and retail space layout, suggesting that social distancing is the primary factor in reducing infection rates. Filling stores to capacity has little economic sense during the pandemic.
A new study warns of devastating impacts from an oil spill in the Canadian Arctic, affecting vulnerable indigenous communities. The risk assessment model predicts socio-economic impacts of up to $7.5 billion over five years.
The Horizon 2020 projects RISK-HUNT3R and TOX-Free aim to develop animal-free strategies and tools for chemical risk assessment, combining in vitro and computational approaches. The projects will improve the accuracy and efficiency of safety assessments, enabling the development of sustainable alternatives.
Researchers created a hybrid neural network called NAIMS that accurately predicts premature baby mortality risk using demographics and vital signs. The technique has shown strong performance in predicting an infant's risk of mortality within 3, 7, or 14 days, with potential to analyze responsiveness to treatment.
Researchers developed machine-learning tools to predict tooth loss based on medical characteristics and socioeconomic factors, outperforming traditional clinical indicators. The approach could be used globally to screen people and improve early interventions, potentially delaying or preventing tooth loss.
Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are at high risk for uveitis relapses after discontinuing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The study found that patients are more likely to experience uveitis events within the first 3-24 months after DMARD withdrawal.
A new study suggests that cooperative strategies for providing emergency power during long-duration outages can cost up to 40 times less than individual generators. The analysis focused on two hypothetical communities in New Hampshire and found that shared generator costs were significantly lower, making collective options more accessi...
The nationwide monitoring programme found significant pesticide contamination in over 80% of water bodies, exceeding governmental thresholds. The loss of biodiversity can only be halted if the environmental risk assessment of pesticides is radically revised.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's are developing an automated risk assessment system using natural language processing and machine learning to analyze student interviews and predict violent outcomes.
Researchers warn that karst aquifers are vulnerable to contamination due to fast infiltration of pollutants during rainfall events. The study highlights the risks of degradable pollutants like glyphosate exceeding safe levels by 19 times.
A survey study in California found that public awareness of extreme risk protection orders is low, and many people are unwilling to use them to prevent firearm-related harm. The study suggests that targeted education and awareness campaigns can improve public understanding and encourage the use of these orders.
Researchers developed an analytical model to predict contaminant spreading in fractured porous media, considering geological and physical parameters. The model can help assess the risks associated with waste disposal facilities and chemical spills, enabling informed decision-making for public health and resource allocation.
A Rensselaer-developed deep learning algorithm can identify patients at risk of cardiovascular disease using low-dose CT scans used for lung cancer screening, potentially expediting diagnoses and accelerating treatments.
A new framework connects climate mitigation scenarios and financial risk assessment, enabling a more accurate understanding of the financial system's impact on the transition. By integrating climate-financial risk assessments into IAMs, investors' expectations can be adjusted to enable or hamper the low-carbon transition.
The special issue explores various aspects of risk sciences and resilience analytics to guide decision-making and operations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Papers cover topics such as risk perception, human health and infection risk, and risk management strategies.
University of Maryland faculty members Shelby Bensi, Gregg Duncan, Katrina Groth, and Katharina Maisel have received CAREER grants for their innovative research in hazard assessment, gene therapy, risk assessment, and immunotherapy. Their work aims to advance the fields of civil engineering, bioengineering, and mechanical engineering.
A study found that obese people with an evening chronotype, characterized by later waking and peak activity, have a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This increased risk is independent of sleep quality, age, gender, and body mass index.
A new analysis found that third-generation fluoroquinolones are not associated with an increased risk of Achilles tendon rupture, unlike first- and second-generation antibiotics. The study suggests these newer antibiotics may present a reduced risk of tendon ruptures.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University developed a methodology for assessing cyber risks in Smart City infrastructure. The new approach analyzes asset types, threats, and risk values using a quantitative approach, demonstrating superiority over existing methods.
A new series in the Journal of Psychiatric Practice explores therapeutic risk management for violence, using a method called chain analysis. This approach identifies interventional strategies to disrupt the chain of reinforcement that leads to violent ideas and behaviors.
Researchers at Stanford University simulated the risk of fracking-triggered earthquakes on the Eagle Ford shale formation, finding that densely populated areas face the greatest risk of damage. The study aims to provide a shared frame of reference for discussing risks and evaluating tools for managing earthquake hazards.
A new study on the Prisoner Assessment Tool Targeting Estimated Risk and Needs (PATTERN) found that roughly half of the federal prison population is immediately eligible for early-release time credits. Participating in re-entry programs and positive behavior change can increase eligibility for many inmates.
A recent study found that a disproportionate number of new homes built in struggling neighborhoods will end up in high flood-risk areas. Climate change is expected to disproportionately impact these communities, leading to increased inequality and systemic risks such as mortgage defaults and foreclosures.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open explores the link between preeclampsia during pregnancy and increased risk of stroke in later life. The research suggests that women with a history of preeclampsia may be at higher risk for stroke, highlighting the importance of monitoring and managing this condition.
A new framework recognizes that response options can be a driver of risk, requiring a more integrated approach to climate risk assessment. This shift in perspective highlights the importance of considering interactions among multiple drivers of risk and responses.
An analysis of US school shootings between 1990 and 2017 found that following a shooting, the risk of additional incidents in the same and neighboring states increases significantly. The study suggests that media coverage can minimize the risk of provoking further shootings by finding a balance between reporting on these events.
A new analysis of the EAGLES trial data found that varenicline does not increase the risk of psychiatric problems in people without a history. In those with a psychiatric history, it likely did not cause problems but with less certainty.
Research on early treatments for cerebral palsy has generated limited supportive data, but emerging efforts aim to improve developmental motor outcomes in children with the condition. Newer, more targeted interventions are being explored to provide novel insights and transform treatment approaches.
A new web application, SpillOver, evaluates wildlife viruses to estimate their zoonotic spillover and pandemic potential. The tool creates a watchlist of newly-discovered viruses, prioritizing them for further characterization, surveillance, and risk-reducing interventions.
A new study by the USGS found that the risk of COVID-19 transmission to North American bats is low, with a risk of 1 in 1,000 if no protective measures are taken. The risk falls lower with proper use of personal protective equipment or if scientists test negative for COVID-19 before beginning research.
A research team from the University of Tokyo analyzed global flood risk modeling uncertainties, finding large uncertainties mainly associated with runoff data. The study identifies key areas for improvement in hydrological modeling to enhance future predictions of flood risk.
A three-month project led by Professor Rachel Armitage from the University of Huddersfield is investigating the impact of burglar alarms on residential burglary. The study, which combines data analysis and surveys, aims to clarify whether burglar alarms are an effective crime prevention measure.
The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Europe hosts its 31st annual meeting, discussing pressing environmental topics such as climate change, microplastics, and biodiversity. The four-day conference will showcase over 1,200 presentations across 72 topics, including keynote addresses from prominent scientists.
Researchers developed a COVID Risk Assessment and Mapping (CRAM) framework to identify city neighborhoods at highest risk of an outbreak. The framework uses GIS technology to create a zoned map with color-coded risk zones, helping officials place targeted restrictions in high-risk communities.
The FDA has granted Breakthrough Device Designation to Tempus' ECG Analysis Platform, which aids clinicians in identifying patients at increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation. The platform uses artificial intelligence to analyze ECG results and provide insight into a patient's risk of future atrial fibrillation events.
A team of international researchers has identified four discrete curvatures as excellent indicators of market instabilities in the stock market networks for the USA S&P500 and Japanese Nikkei-225 indices. The Forman-Ricci curvature (FRE) captures market fear and fragility, revealing sector-driven and global market fluctuations that fac...