Articles tagged with Helper T Cells
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Researchers at Medical College of Georgia have developed a rapid and inexpensive way to produce large quantities of regulatory T cells, which can help restore balance in the immune system. The method uses phospholipase D, a signaling molecule that is sensitive to alcohol, allowing for the selective production of regulatory cells.
Researchers found that regulatory T cells, which function like immune system police, learn what to protect while in the thymus and that everything they learn may not be good. The cells are diverse and able to recognize endogenous tissue and invaders, but also may not learn to recognize all endogenous tissue.
A study led by Associate Professor Barbara Fazekas de St. Groth found that healthy individuals have up to twice the number of disease-fighting regulatory T cells compared to IBD patients. This discovery has significant implications for diagnosing and preventing autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that AMP production is triggered by sterile wounding of the skin surface, independent of microbial exposure. The study also showed that activation of EGFR leads to increased antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and prevents microbial growth in human skin.
A study found that HtrA1 protein contributes to chemotherapy resistance in ovarian and gastric cancers by inducing cell death, while ghrelin hormone promotes the storage of energy as fat by altering gene expression in adipose cells. The findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for obesity treatment.
Researchers develop a combination therapy that reverses recent-onset type 1 diabetes in mice by inducing regulatory T cells to shield insulin-producing cells from autoimmune destruction. The therapy, which combines an oral and intranasal treatment, shows greater efficacy than individual treatments alone.
Researchers found that combining immune modulating drugs can greatly reduce MS disease severity, with less myelin loss and CNS inflammation. The combination therapy utilized lower doses of each drug and promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10.
A recent study published in PNAS found that at least two-thirds of asthma patients' pulmonary T cells are actually NKT cells, not conventional Th2 cells. This discovery may lead to the development of new treatments targeting NKT cells.
A new study found that early antiretroviral therapy can significantly improve CD4 cell count outcomes in HIV-infected infants. Children who started treatment between 5 months and 5 years of age were 60% less likely to experience a decline in their CD4 cell count z-score compared to those who started treatment before 5 months.
Researchers have identified a new vitamin D-related compound that inhibits the production of c-Fos protein, which plays a key role in bone breakdown and resorption. In contrast, a nuclear protein called Tlx acts as an oxygen-sensing switch to regulate angiogenesis in retinal astrocytes.
Researchers use two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to observe the interaction between immune cells and dendritic cells in a diabetic mouse model. The study reveals that the interaction between T regulatory cells and dendritic cells is key to preventing autoimmune attacks, providing new potential targets for therapy.
A study using mouse models found that B. pertussis toxin inhibits neutrophil recruitment, delaying antibody-mediated clearance and allowing repeated infection. Another study identified thrombospondin-1 as a novel mediator of ischemic damage in the kidney, which may be a target for drugs to reduce kidney failure risk.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified Notch as a key regulator of Th2 immune responses, which are impaired in mice lacking this signaling pathway. This study suggests that inhibiting Notch signaling may be beneficial for treating diseases characterized by excessive Th2 responses, such as asthm...
Hassall's corpuscles produce chemical signals that instruct dendritic cells to develop regulatory T cells, which patrol the body for 'bad' T cells. This discovery opens new avenues for exploring regulatory T cells in autoimmune disease and cancer.
Researchers have discovered a novel T helper cell type, called THi cells, that produce the potent cytokine IL-17 and are responsible for initiating chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. The study's findings suggest that targeting these cells could lead to effective treatments for inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and asthma.
Researchers have identified a new strategy to turn off the function of CD4+ regulatory T cells, which suppress immune responses to tumors and infectious diseases. This approach could lead to enhanced anti-tumor immunity and boost response to cancer vaccines.
A new, low-cost device can accurately count CD4 cells in HIV-infected individuals, enabling early treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes. The portable handheld model is designed for healthcare workers in remote areas, addressing a critical need in low-income countries.
Researchers found that intermittent IL-2 administration induces high CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation followed by prolonged CD4 cell survival. This effect helps explain the preferential increase of CD4 cells in patients treated with IL-2 therapy.
Researchers uncover HIV fusion peptide's dual role in mediating immunity and downregulating T cell responses. Additionally, a novel connection is made between fat cells, cholesterol metabolism, and PPAR gamma regulation.
Researchers develop vaccine targeting the local tumor microenvironment to improve systemic anti-tumor immunity in metastatic melanoma patients. The study shows promising results with partial responses and improved survival rates in some patients.
Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center have identified an immune-system mutation in mice that can help them understand how T cells specialize to do different jobs. The mutation, which affects the helper-deficient (HD) mice strain, was found to redirect immature T cells towards killer-cell pathways.
Two studies provide critical information on XLP, revealing that SAP regulates T helper cell cytokine production and modulates signaling molecules involved in immune response. Defects in this pathway contribute to XLP's pathology.
The Lag-3 gene controls regulatory T-cell function, which can prevent autoimmune diseases but also inhibit anti-cancer immune attacks. Researchers found that manipulating Lag-3 levels on T cells might prevent autoimmune diseases or amplify immune system attacks on cancer cells.
Researchers have identified a new type of regulatory T cell that reduces airway inflammation and asthma in mice. The discovery sheds light on the characteristics of these cells and their potential role in treating allergies and other immune disorders.
The study found that HAART reduced mortality in HIV-infected injection drug users with high CD4 cell counts, similar to those without HIV. Initiating or switching to HAART at higher CD4 counts than current recommendations may improve outcomes for asymptomatic patients.
Researchers have identified c-myc as a key regulator of hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell growth, potentially leading to new treatment targets. Meanwhile, a novel approach using regulatory T cells has shown promise in controlling graft-versus-host disease, while a study on mast cells reveals their role in allergic diarrhea and pot...
Researchers have developed a protocol to expand regulatory T cells ex vivo, which can induce tolerance to donor tissue and control graft-versus-host disease. This approach may lead to the development of new clinical trials using CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Researchers found that exposing mice to Notch signal and donor material before transplantation stimulates an immune response, significantly increasing transplant acceptance. The approach targets T suppressor cells, promoting their expansion and reducing T helper cell activity.
A substantial proportion of U.S. doctors support national health insurance, with 49% backing government-led legislation and 40% opposing it. Mammography screening is found to be cost-effective for women aged 65-80 with no serious health conditions, reducing death at reasonable cost.
Researchers discovered that Tim-3 proteins act as 'checkpoints' for the immune system, controlling activated TH1 T-cell responses. This regulation helps prevent autoimmune diseases and organ rejection in transplant patients.
A new dried blood-spot test has shown promising results for monitoring HIV treatment in less-developed countries. The test, which uses a commercial enzyme immunoassay, compares well with standard flow cytometry and could make CD4+ lymphocyte count measurements more accessible to rural populations.
A new study aims to determine which assay is most effective in providing accurate CD4 cell counts in HIV positive patients in rural countries. The research, led by a Rush University Medical Center scientist, tests three different assays to assess CD4 cell counts and could help improve treatment outcomes for millions worldwide.
Researchers found that a 6-month mark after starting antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be used to predict disease progression in HIV/AIDS patients. Patients with higher CD4 cell counts and lower viral loads have lower risks of AIDS or death at this stage, suggesting that initial response to treatment is crucial for determining prognosis.
A new heat-denatured p24 antigen test has been found to be comparable in effectiveness to existing CD4 lymphocyte count and HIV-1 RNA viral load tests. The test, which costs significantly less, could be a game-changer for developing countries struggling with high HIV infection rates.
The new treatment guidelines emphasize the use of CD4 cell counts as a primary indicator for starting therapy, rather than plasma HIV RNA levels. The guidelines also highlight the importance of patient adherence and regular monitoring of viral load and CD4 cell counts to ensure successful treatment.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that taking drug breaks during HIV treatment can lead to increased infections of CD4 cells, hastening their destruction and disease progression. This can ultimately give rise to full-blown AIDS, highlighting the importance of ongoing antiviral therapy.
Researchers found that HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells, which are essential for directing the immune system's response to pathogens. This phenomenon highlights the vulnerability of these cells to viral infection and suggests ways to design a more effective HIV vaccine.
The study found that a critical balance exists between T helper cells and regulatory T cells in preventing autoimmunity. Regulatory T cells can suppress the development of autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice, suggesting a potential new approach to treating autoimmune disorders.
Researchers developed a technique to stimulate T cells with CD28 receptors, making them resistant to HIV infection. The method showed significant improvements in the ratio of CD4 cells to other T cells, indicating sustained immune system recovery.
Researchers found that CD4 cells help mediate damage during ischemia, and two specific molecules, CD28 and IFN-gamma, were identified as participating in the injury process. This challenges current ideas of T cell function and may lead to new treatments for conditions like strokes and heart attacks.
New study reveals how HIV subverts the immune system by mimicking other enemy invaders, rendering T cells unable to detect infection and cancer. This understanding will aid in developing new AIDS therapies targeting vulnerable points of HIV infection.
Early atherogenesis is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes into atherosclerotic plaques. Lymphocytes contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis through various mechanisms, including inflammation and immune response activation.
Researchers at UNC-CH have successfully developed vaccines using plasmid DNA that can prevent and even halt the progression of insulin-dependent diabetes in laboratory mice. The study's findings offer new hope for treating this growing health threat in humans, with potential annual injections required.
A new mathematical model developed by University of Michigan scientist Denise Kirschner shows how HIV accelerates the normal process of homing, diverting white blood cells from the bloodstream to the lymph system. This understanding is crucial for developing effective treatments and targeting therapeutic drugs.
A multi-institutional study found that adding interleukin-2 to antiretroviral therapy increases CD4 cell counts and decreases detectable virus levels in HIV-infected patients. The study showed significant improvements in immunologic function, with 67% of patients achieving low viral loads.
A new study by Dr. Wafaa M. El-Sadr found that HIV-infected patients with restored immunity can safely defer taking prophylactic antibiotics due to low infection rates. The study showed that antiretroviral therapy reconstitutes protective immunity, reducing the risk of opportunistic infections.
A recent study by researchers at Oregon Health Sciences University found that beta-carotene supplements did not increase immune cell counts in HIV-infected patients. The study, led by Dr. Gregg O. Coodley, concluded that high doses of beta-carotene are not recommended for HIV-infected patients.