Articles tagged with Oligosaccharides
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
New studies suggest a simplified, less restrictive low FODMAP diet may be effective for managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The alternative 'FODMAP-simple' diet restricts only fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides without restricting other FODMAP groups. This approach may reduce symptoms and improve patient adherence to the diet.
Researchers have successfully engineered plants to produce a diverse array of human milk oligosaccharides, also called human milk sugars. These complex sugars are found in breast milk and help prevent disease and support healthy gut bacteria, but are difficult to manufacture using traditional methods.
Researchers found that cranberry extracts can stimulate beneficial bacteria in the gut, reducing inflammation and improving the prognosis of chronic diseases. The study suggests that cranberries may be a useful addition to a balanced diet in preventing or managing conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have developed a new approach to treating herpes by inhibiting an enzyme that releases newly formed virus particles from infected cells. The inhibitors, made of oligosaccharides, significantly reduce the spread of the virus and may also impede cancer metastasis.
Researchers at Prolacta and MD Anderson Cancer Center found a human milk-based synbiotic to safely control the gut microbiome in adults, opening the door to precision microbiome engineering. The study demonstrates significant precision in modulating adult gut microbiomes.
Researchers have developed a human milk-based synbiotic that safely modulates damaged adult gut microbiomes. The study found that this symbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites, offering new possibilities for treating dysbiotic conditions.
A study by Pusan National University researchers investigates the effects of mild acid hydrolysis on sulfated fucans in sea cucumbers and sea urchins. The results show selective 2-desulfation, leading to an 8-sugar-long oligosaccharide production.
A study at the University of Turku found that residential green environments increase oligosaccharide diversity and alter individual sugar molecule compositions in breastmilk. This suggests a potential mediating role for breastfeeding in mitigating disease risks in infancy.
Researchers characterized viral protein binding to sialic acids on animal and human coronaviruses, revealing host-specific patterns. This adaptation enables coronaviruses to quickly jump species, driving cross-species transmission.
A review by Abbott researchers highlights five HMOs in breast milk that may provide support for digestive health, the immune system and cognitive development. The study suggests these five core Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) could help influence overall brain health due to their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Researchers discovered that human milk oligosaccharides can prevent GBS infections in cells and tissues, and in mouse models. The sugars may act as anti-adhesives and prebiotics to support good bacteria growth, making them a potential substitute for antibiotics.
A University of Illinois study reveals that milk oligosaccharides in canine and feline milk can boost beneficial microbes and establish a healthy gut microbial community. The research found that adding these prebiotics to pet diets improves palatability and has no adverse effects on health.
Researchers at NIST have doubled the size of a reference library containing oligosaccharides found in milk, helping scientists identify unknown compounds. The expanded library includes examples from human and nonhuman mammalian milk samples, supporting infant formula development and human health research.
A University of Otago study confirms the low FODMAP diet is effective in alleviating bowel symptoms in children. Complete resolution was observed in 92% of children with bloating, 87% with diarrhoea and 77% with abdominal pain.
A laboratory study by RMIT University found that goat milk formula contains naturally occurring oligosaccharides with prebiotic and anti-infection properties. These compounds promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit harmful bacteria in the gut, which could protect infants against gastrointestinal infections.
A study suggests certain breast milk carbohydrates can affect gut-bone axis, providing potential therapeutic options for stunted children. Gut microbes, intestinal cell populations, and immune mediators are associated with bone response.
Researchers have identified cranberry oligosaccharides as potential anti-adhesive compounds that could help prevent UTIs. These complex carbohydrates were detected in the urine of pigs fed dried cranberry powder and showed activity against E. coli bacteria.
Researchers at MIPT have developed a new technique for producing low molecular weight water-soluble chitin and chitosan. The method uses an electron-beam plasma reactor, which reduces production time from days to minutes and is environmentally friendly.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that oligosaccharides, not protein compounds, are key to nourishing beneficial microbes in infants' guts. These findings suggest cow's milk could be used to create therapeutic prebiotics for infants.
A team of researchers has identified the compound in mothers' milk that supplies nourishment to infants' gut microbiota. This compound can be obtained from cow's milk and may be used as a prebiotic for infants, potentially improving their formula.
Researchers from ETH Zurich have determined the structure of a flippase, PglK, that flips lipid-linked oligosaccharides, revealing a novel mechanism. The discovery sheds light on fundamental biological processes and may lead to therapeutic approaches for diseases associated with glycosylation disorders.
A University of Illinois metabolic engineer has synthesized a key breast milk ingredient, 2-fluoro-lactose (2FL), which could lead to the development of infant formula. This breakthrough allows researchers to study the role of 2FL in infant nutrition and make recommendations for its addition to infant formula.
Researchers analyzed six mushroom varieties and plum/prune products for their carbohydrate profiles, revealing high levels of dietary fibers, oligosaccharides, and nutrients. Cooking increased starch, total dietary fibers, and fat content in mushrooms, while raw forms retained higher levels of chitin and beta-glucan.
Researchers successfully synthesized two rare forms of carbohydrate molecules, including one found on Leptospira biflexa bacteria causing leptospirosis and Candida albicans fungus causing candidiasis. The team overcame a challenge in preparing the beta-mannose type linkage in carbohydrate chemistry.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab create cells with engineered surface properties using unnatural sugars, enabling control over cell adhesion to synthetic materials. This technology has potential applications in biocompatible materials, artificial organs, and cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Studies found that certain oligosaccharides in fruits and vegetables can enhance digestion, increase beneficial bacteria, and prevent bowel disease. Researchers suggest these compounds may serve as a substitute for dietary fiber, offering potential health benefits without the need for high-fiber diets.