New studies suggest a simplified, less restrictive low FODMAP diet may be effective for managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The alternative 'FODMAP-simple' diet restricts only fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides without restricting other FODMAP groups. This approach may reduce symptoms and improve patient adherence to the diet.
SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalClinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 17, 2024
Researchers have successfully engineered plants to produce a diverse array of human milk oligosaccharides, also called human milk sugars. These complex sugars are found in breast milk and help prevent disease and support healthy gut bacteria, but are difficult to manufacture using traditional methods.
SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalNature Food·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 13, 2024
Researchers found that cranberry extracts can stimulate beneficial bacteria in the gut, reducing inflammation and improving the prognosis of chronic diseases. The study suggests that cranberries may be a useful addition to a balanced diet in preventing or managing conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
SourceUniversité Laval·Journalnpj Biofilms and Microbiomes·DateApr 30, 2024
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Researchers have developed a new approach to treating herpes by inhibiting an enzyme that releases newly formed virus particles from infected cells. The inhibitors, made of oligosaccharides, significantly reduce the spread of the virus and may also impede cancer metastasis.
SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 7, 2023
Researchers have developed a human milk-based synbiotic that safely modulates damaged adult gut microbiomes. The study found that this symbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites, offering new possibilities for treating dysbiotic conditions.
SourceCapwell Communications·JournalCell Host & Microbe·DateAug 31, 2023
Researchers at Prolacta and MD Anderson Cancer Center found a human milk-based synbiotic to safely control the gut microbiome in adults, opening the door to precision microbiome engineering. The study demonstrates significant precision in modulating adult gut microbiomes.
SourceProlacta Bioscience·JournalCell Host & Microbe·DateAug 31, 2023
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A study by Pusan National University researchers investigates the effects of mild acid hydrolysis on sulfated fucans in sea cucumbers and sea urchins. The results show selective 2-desulfation, leading to an 8-sugar-long oligosaccharide production.
SourcePusan National University·JournalCarbohydrate Polymers·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 13, 2023
A study at the University of Turku found that residential green environments increase oligosaccharide diversity and alter individual sugar molecule compositions in breastmilk. This suggests a potential mediating role for breastfeeding in mitigating disease risks in infancy.
SourceUniversity of Turku·JournalScientific Reports·DateJan 17, 2023
Researchers characterized viral protein binding to sialic acids on animal and human coronaviruses, revealing host-specific patterns. This adaptation enables coronaviruses to quickly jump species, driving cross-species transmission.
SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Infectious Diseases·DateApr 13, 2022
A review by Abbott researchers highlights five HMOs in breast milk that may provide support for digestive health, the immune system and cognitive development. The study suggests these five core Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) could help influence overall brain health due to their impact on the gut-brain axis.
SourceAbbott·JournalNutrients·TypeMeta-analysis·DateNov 17, 2021
Researchers discovered that human milk oligosaccharides can prevent GBS infections in cells and tissues, and in mouse models. The sugars may act as anti-adhesives and prebiotics to support good bacteria growth, making them a potential substitute for antibiotics.
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A University of Illinois study reveals that milk oligosaccharides in canine and feline milk can boost beneficial microbes and establish a healthy gut microbial community. The research found that adding these prebiotics to pet diets improves palatability and has no adverse effects on health.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalJournal of Animal Science·DateMar 9, 2021
Researchers at NIST have doubled the size of a reference library containing oligosaccharides found in milk, helping scientists identify unknown compounds. The expanded library includes examples from human and nonhuman mammalian milk samples, supporting infant formula development and human health research.
SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalAnalytical Chemistry·DateJul 27, 2020
A University of Otago study confirms the low FODMAP diet is effective in alleviating bowel symptoms in children. Complete resolution was observed in 92% of children with bloating, 87% with diarrhoea and 77% with abdominal pain.
A laboratory study by RMIT University found that goat milk formula contains naturally occurring oligosaccharides with prebiotic and anti-infection properties. These compounds promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit harmful bacteria in the gut, which could protect infants against gastrointestinal infections.
SourceRMIT University·JournalBritish Journal Of Nutrition·DateJun 27, 2019
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A study suggests certain breast milk carbohydrates can affect gut-bone axis, providing potential therapeutic options for stunted children. Gut microbes, intestinal cell populations, and immune mediators are associated with bone response.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 27, 2019
Researchers have identified cranberry oligosaccharides as potential anti-adhesive compounds that could help prevent UTIs. These complex carbohydrates were detected in the urine of pigs fed dried cranberry powder and showed activity against E. coli bacteria.
SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalJournal of Natural Products·DateMay 1, 2019
Researchers at MIPT have developed a new technique for producing low molecular weight water-soluble chitin and chitosan. The method uses an electron-beam plasma reactor, which reduces production time from days to minutes and is environmentally friendly.
SourceMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology·JournalCarbohydrate Polymers·DateApr 3, 2017
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Researchers at UC Davis discovered that oligosaccharides, not protein compounds, are key to nourishing beneficial microbes in infants' guts. These findings suggest cow's milk could be used to create therapeutic prebiotics for infants.
SourceUniversity of California - Davis·JournalApplied and Environmental Microbiology·DateApr 15, 2016
A team of researchers has identified the compound in mothers' milk that supplies nourishment to infants' gut microbiota. This compound can be obtained from cow's milk and may be used as a prebiotic for infants, potentially improving their formula.
SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalApplied and Environmental Microbiology·DateApr 15, 2016
Researchers from ETH Zurich have determined the structure of a flippase, PglK, that flips lipid-linked oligosaccharides, revealing a novel mechanism. The discovery sheds light on fundamental biological processes and may lead to therapeutic approaches for diseases associated with glycosylation disorders.
A University of Illinois metabolic engineer has synthesized a key breast milk ingredient, 2-fluoro-lactose (2FL), which could lead to the development of infant formula. This breakthrough allows researchers to study the role of 2FL in infant nutrition and make recommendations for its addition to infant formula.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalMicrobial Cell Factories·DateSep 10, 2012
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Researchers analyzed six mushroom varieties and plum/prune products for their carbohydrate profiles, revealing high levels of dietary fibers, oligosaccharides, and nutrients. Cooking increased starch, total dietary fibers, and fat content in mushrooms, while raw forms retained higher levels of chitin and beta-glucan.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·DateFeb 14, 2005
Researchers successfully synthesized two rare forms of carbohydrate molecules, including one found on Leptospira biflexa bacteria causing leptospirosis and Candida albicans fungus causing candidiasis. The team overcame a challenge in preparing the beta-mannose type linkage in carbohydrate chemistry.
SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJun 26, 2001
Researchers at Berkeley Lab create cells with engineered surface properties using unnatural sugars, enabling control over cell adhesion to synthetic materials. This technology has potential applications in biocompatible materials, artificial organs, and cancer diagnosis and treatment.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·DateJan 6, 1998
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Studies found that certain oligosaccharides in fruits and vegetables can enhance digestion, increase beneficial bacteria, and prevent bowel disease. Researchers suggest these compounds may serve as a substitute for dietary fiber, offering potential health benefits without the need for high-fiber diets.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·DateApr 3, 1997