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Investigating cocaine addiction using fruit flies

A new study uses a fruit fly model to investigate the genetic basis of cocaine addiction. By genetically modifying bitter-sensing receptors in fruit flies, researchers found that these flies developed a preference for cocaine over sugar. This study suggests that genes involved in human cocaine addiction may also be active in fruit flies.

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Genes are individualists, not collectivists, during early fruit fly development

A new study published in Current Biology found that active genes do not form clusters and share resources during early fruit fly development. The researchers used high-resolution microscopy to visualize the physical position of active genes within the nucleus, observing that each gene has its own pool of transcriptional machinery.

The architect of genome folding

Researchers discovered HP1a as an epigenetic regulator that establishes the global structure of the genome in early Drosophila embryos. The study used powerful genetics and 3D genome modeling to show that HP1a is required for proper chromatin organization at multiple hierarchical levels during embryonic development.

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The architect of genome folding

Researchers discovered that HP1a is required to establish proper chromatin structure at multiple hierarchical levels during early embryonic development. The protein plays a central role in maintaining individual chromosome integrity and establishing the global structure of the genome.

Into more thin air

A study of Peruvian populations reveals genetic adaptations to high altitude living and chronic mountain sickness. The researchers identified 11 regions containing 38 genes that were under positive selection, suggesting a molecular adaptation mechanism that regulates gene expression in response to environmental challenges.

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UGA researchers find hormone receptor that allows mosquitoes to reproduce

UGA researchers have identified a hormone receptor that plays a key role in regulating female mosquito reproduction, enabling them to produce eggs after consuming blood. The discovery fills a major gap in understanding how mosquitoes reproduce and could potentially lead to strategies for controlling mosquito populations.

Fly genome could help us improve health and our environment

The sequencing of the house fly genome has identified unique detoxification and immune system genes that could aid in understanding human disease susceptibility. By studying these genes, scientists hope to develop treatments or vaccines for diseases transmitted by flies, such as typhoid and trachoma.

New insights from the modENCODE Project are published in Genome Research

The modENCODE Project has provided new genomic advances on embryonic development, DNA replication, and transcriptional regulation. Researchers compared developmental gene expression between Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, finding conserved gene expression patterns during development, despite significant differences ...

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And in the beginning was histone 1

Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified a crucial protein called dBigH1 that regulates zygotic genome activation in the fly Drosophila. This discovery has significant implications for understanding embryonic development and potential connections to infertility, gestational disorders, or early miscarriage.

What's in a genome?

A whole-genome sequence of the fruit fly Drosophila mauritiana has been completed, revealing high genetic diversity across its chromosomes. The researchers identified two large regions with conserved sequences and propose that these may be the result of intragenomic conflict, potentially acting as 'speciation genes'.

Defending the genome

Researchers discovered that when a new transposon is introduced, it triggers a response that disrupts the piRNA machinery, leading to a massive destabilization of the genome. However, as the hybrids aged, they learned to shut down the new transposon and restore fertility.

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A 'jumping gene's' preferred targets may influence genome evolution

Researchers have discovered that certain transposon elements can coordinate their movement with DNA replication, allowing them to spread more rapidly through genomes. P elements, one such transposon, tend to insert themselves near the beginning of genes and at regions functioning as starting sites or origins for DNA duplication.

Learning to read the genome

A comprehensive analysis of the Drosophila genome reveals new genes, alternative splicing forms, and complex chromatin organization. The findings provide a foundation for in-depth functional studies and apply to understanding genomes across all organisms.

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Genome Research publishes special issue: Genomics and Darwinism

The special issue of Genome Research celebrates Charles Darwin's birthday and the publication of On the Origin of Species. Researchers investigate human adaptation and evolution on a genome-wide scale, describing novel fine-scale genetic structure within and between populations worldwide.

With genomes, bigger may really be better

Researchers discover that large genomes make it easier to find regions of DNA controlling gene activity. The study used the genomes of flies and other insects to identify regulatory sequences previously difficult to detect in human genomes.

Genome comparison of 12 fruit fly species

Researchers have completed the genomes of ten new fruit fly species, providing a comprehensive understanding of their evolution over 60 million years. The study also identified 1193 new genes and 414 corrected previously catalogued genes across the twelve closely related species.

Massive project reveals shortcomings of modern genome analysis

The Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium's massive collaboration has revealed considerable flaws in the way human genome biologists identify genes, showcasing the importance of comparing closely-related species. The study found over 1,193 new protein-coding genes and hundreds of new functional elements across 12 fruit fly genomes.

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12 fly genomes published

The complete genomes of 12 Drosophila species were published in Nature, revealing genetic differences similar to those between humans and chickens. This research provides a less-biased view of evolutionary processes, enabling a better understanding of the human genome.

Fly and worm models to teach researchers about human biology and medicine

The modENCODE project will analyze the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans to identify functional elements, such as regulatory sequences and non-coding genes. These findings will aid in understanding human biology and medicine by providing insights into the conservation of genetic mechanisms across species.

Scientists construct a physical map of the Drosophila buzzatii genome

An international team has launched the first detailed physical map of Drosophila buzzatii chromosomes, a species widely used in studies of genome evolution and ecological adaptation. The map was constructed using genomic library and physical mapping techniques, providing insights into the species' evolutionary history.

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New species from old data

Researchers have discovered three new bacterial species, Wolbachia wAna, wSim, and wMoj, in the genomes of Drosophila fruit flies. The discovery was made by scanning raw genomic data from the Trace Archive, a public repository of sequencing projects.

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A fly (genome) like any other fly

The project aims to sequence Drosophila genomes to capture natural variation and develop technology for studying human genomic variation. The data will be publicly released and software developed as part of the grant will be open sourced.

Key sensory proteins unveiled in mosquito genome found by Illinois entomologist

Researchers have identified 276 G protein-coupled receptors in the Anopheles mosquito genome, including 155 external chemosensory receptors that allow female mosquitoes to detect humans and other mammals by taste or smell. The discovery provides a new approach to studying mosquitoes and reducing the spread of malaria and other diseases.

Genome annotation experts take standardized test

Twelve international groups compared their computer programs' power to predict gene elements within a Drosophila DNA region. Many programs detected genes with 95% accuracy, while others struggled with precise gene boundaries and promoter predictions. The project established standards for future improvements.