Articles tagged with Hepatitis B
Researchers successfully measure and block a previously unstudied enzyme to stop the virus from replicating, potentially leading to a cure for patients. The breakthrough, which was aided by advances in HIV research, may lead to new hepatitis B drugs that can suppress the virus far enough to cure patients.
The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) represses microRNA-148a, leading to increased levels of the oncogenic protein HPIP and subsequent oncogenic transformation in liver cancer. This study demonstrates a cancer-associated virus promoting carcinogenesis through direct manipulation of a microRNA.
A new study suggests that chronic hepatitis B virus infection may be as high as 2.2 million cases in the US, with foreign-born individuals contributing significantly to this burden. The prevalence is higher than previously reported and affects up to 400 million individuals worldwide.
A 16th-century Korean child's mummified liver has revealed a unique hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C2 sequence common in Southeast Asia, providing insight into the virus's evolution and spread. The ancient genome is the oldest full viral genome described in scientific literature.
Researchers found that certain drugs can activate hepatitis B viruses in liver cells, increasing viral replication. This activation is linked to the stress protein p38, which can lead to complications in transplant patients.
The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine HPV vaccination for males aged 11-12 years, catch-up vaccination for males aged 13-21. For adults with diabetes, Hepatitis B vaccinations are now recommended for those under 60 and over 60 based on specific conditions.
A study by Brown University researchers found that tens of thousands of people in the US contract hepatitis B every year due to missed vaccination opportunities. Despite high-risk adults having access to healthcare providers, thousands went unvaccinated, particularly among those with limited health insurance and older adults.
A new report questions adequacy of disinfection regulations in nail salons and barbershops, suggesting potential transmission of bloodborne pathogens. The study emphasizes the need for further research to define the true magnitude of this risk.
The PATH B program provides a comprehensive educational resource for patients with chronic hepatitis B, improving understanding of the disease and enhancing patient-physician dialogue. The program aims to increase patient engagement in disease management, resulting in better quality of life.
The study estimates that around 10 million injecting drug users globally are infected with HCV, while 1.3 million have HBV infection. The authors emphasize the need for increased attention to viral hepatitis in IDUs and enhanced access to treatments.
A new INFORMS study proves that mathematical models of hepatitis B interventions are cost-effective and have saved millions of lives. The models verified the effectiveness of screening, treating, and vaccinating millions of Asian and Pacific Islander adults in the US and millions of children in China.
A study found that only 59.8% of health care students had documentation of complete hepatitis B vaccination, while 83.8% were protected against infection when tested for antibodies. The rates are lower than the US government's Healthy People 2010 goal of 90% hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule to be effective and well-tolerated in high-risk pregnant women. The study's findings suggest that a shortened 12-week vaccine regimen can provide long-term immunity and is comparable to the standard 6-month adult schedule.
A recent study found that nearly 40% of virological breakthroughs in patients receiving nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B were not related to antiviral drug resistance. Non-adherence to medication was identified as a common cause of reemergence.
The Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation has awarded four new grants to improve HBV and HCV awareness, prevention and care in China and India. The grants aim to reduce hepatitis-related health disparities in Asia, with a focus on mobilizing local communities' healthcare armaments.
A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases suggests that infant immunity to hepatitis B lasts for at least 5 years after primary vaccination, making booster shots unnecessary. The research, led by Alessandro Zanetti, found that children vaccinated with hexavac maintained protective antibody levels for over 5 years.
Researchers have discovered 19-million-year-old genomic fossils of hepatitis B-like viruses in songbirds, revealing a long-dated history of these viruses. The study provides new insights into the evolution of hepadnaviruses and their potential role in predicting human viral pandemics.
A South Korean study has shown that patients infected with hepatitis B are around twice as likely to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study found an increased risk of NHL and malignant immunoproliferation in HBV-positive individuals.
Six collaborative research projects aim to develop treatments, vaccines, or antimicrobial products for gastric flu, hepatitis B, dengue fever, and tuberculosis. Researchers will work together to shed light on bacterial signaling pathways and train immune cells to overcome viral infections.
The European Union has approved a new, inexpensive Hepatitis B test that delivers accurate results within half an hour, enabling doctors to take immediate action on health decisions. The test is expected to make a significant impact in helping to curb the spread of disease and has been developed with support from the Wellcome Trust.
A Mayo Clinic study reveals a 50% decrease in the number of patients listed for a second liver transplant within three years, indicating improved treatment outcomes for some patients with hepatitis B. Researchers found that new medications have improved ability to control hepatitis B recurrence.
Researchers found abnormal forms of apolipoprotein A-I proteins in the livers and blood of infected male mice, but not females. These proteins may provide important markers for tracking hepatitis B progression and help explain the gender disparity in the disease's severity.
A recent study published by Henry Ford Hospital contradicts previous research suggesting hepatitis B infection increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. Age is found to be the only significant predictor of pancreatic cancer in patients infected with hepatitis B.
Progress has been made in vaccinating low-income children on schedule, with significant increases in timely vaccination coverage for varicella and hepatitis B vaccines. However, disparities between low- and high-income children remain, particularly for the DTaP-DTP vaccine.
A systematic review of 33 HBV outbreaks found that administration of drugs using multi-vial compounds and capillary blood sampling with non-disposable devices are the most frequent transmission routes. The study highlights several topical factors, including a high number of outbreaks in dialysis units and associations with multi-vial use.
Two new studies explore ways to clear hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from patients' bodies. Researchers found that HBV superinfection can lead to clearance of HCV in chronic HCV patients, while interferon-based therapies show promise for treating chronic HBV.
A study by Helmholtz Center researchers reveals that acute hepatitis B infection triggers chronic liver disease through altered T helper cell function. The team identified specific genes and immune mechanisms involved in the development of chronic hepatitis B, shedding light on potential diagnostic markers and treatment options.
The University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health has been awarded a seven-year $11 million grant to coordinate the Hepatitis B Clinical Research Network, a consortium of 15 US and Canadian institutions. The network will conduct translational research on hepatitis B, aiming to find a lasting cure for the infection.
Global epidemiological studies suggest one-third of chronic hepatitis B infections are acquired during infancy and early childhood. Universal infant immunization is offered in most countries (98%) and has reduced incidence rates in provinces that adopted the program.
The NIH convened a panel to weigh evidence on hepatitis B management, highlighting the need for large studies and representative prospective cohort studies. The panel recommends routine screening for newly arrived immigrants from countries with high hepatitis B prevalence.
Researchers found that chronic hepatitis B patients have higher PD-1 expression on T cells, which impairs HBV-specific T cell responses. In contrast, acute exacerbation of hepatitis B patients have lower PD-1 expression and more intense HBV-specific T cell responses.
A new study has found an association between past hepatitis B infection and pancreatic cancer. Evidence of past hepatitis B exposure was twice as common in patients with pancreatic cancer compared to healthy controls.
A study of 349 children with MS and 2,941 without the disease found that hepatitis B vaccination does not increase multiple sclerosis risk. However, a specific type of vaccine was linked to symptoms in vaccinated children with MS, three or more years after vaccination.
A new nano vaccine for hepatitis B has been developed to address the drawbacks of current vaccines, which require refrigeration and can cause side effects. The vaccine uses a needle-free nasal delivery method and has been shown to be effective in producing strong immune responses in animal studies.
A nested case-control study found that high HBV DNA levels are associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with higher viral loads have a heightened potential for developing liver cancer, suggesting a potential correlation between viral load and liver cancer development.
Researchers found that T cells in chronically infected patients are triggered to commit suicide due to the presence of a protein called 'Bim'. This discovery provides a new target for developing therapies and vaccines to boost the body's ability to manage Hepatitis B infection.
Data indicate pre-existing lamivudine resistance predisposes patients to higher rates of BARACLUDE resistance. Nucleoside-naive patients experienced a cumulative probability of genotypic resistance of 1.2% through five years.
Researchers have discovered new mechanisms of HBV virulence by studying the effects of X protein on liver cells in transgenic mice. The study found that X protein inhibits liver cell proliferation and affects gene transcription and cholesterol metabolism.
A recent study published in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine found no significant association between hepatitis B vaccination and the development of multiple sclerosis in children. The research involved 143 children who developed MS before age 16, with no increased risk of MS detected within three years of vaccination.
A team of researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine has identified the most cost-effective way to fight treacherous hepatitis B by screening chronically infected individuals. Screening is more effective than vaccination in reducing mortality from hepatitis B, and vaccinating close contacts also provides significant benefits.
Researchers measured the effect of hepatitis B on patients' quality of life, creating a new tool to better assess overall well-being. The study found that psychosocial impact affected many patients more than physical symptoms, underscoring the need for clinicians to consider social and psychological factors in treatment.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that entecavir should not be used alone in patients co-infected with HIV, as it can lead to cross-resistance and compromise treatment for the AIDS virus. The study's findings have prompted changes to the drug's labeling and guidelines from governmental agencies.
Infection with hepatitis B causes between 500,000 and 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year, with around 22,000 cases in Europe. A universal childhood vaccination policy is recommended to protect children before they are at risk of infection.
A new survey reveals that chronic hepatitis B patients often misunderstand the nature of their disease and its treatment. Despite being aware of the long-term consequences of the virus, many patients do not comply with their medication regimens, highlighting the need for improved patient education. The study suggests that enhanced pati...
Research suggests sweat can carry hepatitis B virus, potentially transmitting the infection during contact sports. The study found that 13% of Olympic wrestlers had hidden or occult HBV infection and 11% had particles of the virus in their sweat.
A Johns Hopkins study reveals that entecavir can lead to cross-resistance with other antiviral drugs used to treat HIV. The findings have serious implications for co-infected patients who may not be aware of the risks.
A Spanish newspaper launched an HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B information service online, which became extremely popular in both Spain and Latin America. The service answered over 900 queries in its first year of operation.
The study revealed the outer lipid envelope interacts with the capsid shell of hepatitis B virus, which is enormous and nearly 10 times larger than a hemoglobin molecule. The findings may offer new clues on how the virus replicates in vivo.
A randomized controlled study found that pretreating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing chemotherapy with lamivudine significantly reduces the risk of Hepatitis B reactivation and severe hepatitis. The study identified a lower viral load threshold as a better predictor of relapse.
Research suggests that hepatitis B carriers are 1.5 times more likely to have a male child, contributing to the over-representation of males in some Asian countries. In China, hepatitis B accounts for around 75% of the 'missing women', while in other countries it contributes to about 20-45% of the discrepancy.
A study of 1212 children and 446 Italian Air Force recruits found that infant and adolescent immune systems can recall responding to hepatitis B more than 10 years after immunisation. The findings suggest that routine booster doses may not be necessary for long-term protection, even in high-risk populations.
Exposing cells to chloroquine prevents acidification of compartments, allowing proteins to escape and be broken down into smaller pieces displayed to cytolytic T cells. This boosts hepatitis B virus-specific T cell responses in up to 70% of vaccine recipients.
Researchers have identified a protein, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), that plays a crucial role in the replication of the Hepatitis B virus. This discovery offers new therapeutic opportunities by targeting human proteins involved in viral replication, providing hope for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B infections.
A seven-year review of liver transplant recipients who received HBV positive and HCV positive organs found patient and graft survival rates comparable to those receiving livers from negative donors. The use of these organs increases the number available for transplantation while maintaining long-term results.
The study found that the newest drug therapy – adefovir – was not cost-effective when taken alone but became very cost-effective when reserved as a second-line agent in people who develop viral resistance for lamivudine. The hybrid treatment strategy of lamivudine and adefovir is also a viable option.
Two studies examine the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition that affects millions of Americans. Researchers found positive lifestyle changes lowered risk among nonsmokers but not smokers. A computer simulation determined the diet-exercise program and metformin therapy were cost-effective options.
Pegylated interferon-alpha shows promise in treating chronic hepatitis B infection, with higher sustained viral response rates compared to monotherapy. The study highlights the importance of hepatitis B virus genotype as a predictor of treatment response.
A recent study using the General Practice Research Database found an association between hepatitis B vaccination and a three-fold increase in MS incidence within three years following vaccination. The study's limitations highlight the need for further research into the potential link between vaccines and autoimmune diseases.
The survey found that despite parents' awareness of hepatitis B, many are unaware of the disease's severity and the availability of a vaccine. The Society for Adolescent Medicine provides guidance to enhance parent-adolescent relationships and offers resources to promote healthy behaviors.
Researchers analyzed 15 years of data on liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B and found significant improvements in 5-year-survival rates from 53% to 76%. Advances in prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent HBV disease likely contributed to these gains.