Articles tagged with Myelin Sheath
Researchers identify signal in damaged brain that prevents cells from restoring lost myelin; HA accumulation linked to CD44 protein. Oligodendrocyte progenitors can be prevented from maturing into myelin-producing cells, while injection of HA into damaged myelin prevents reforming.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified ephrin-B3 as a molecule that inhibits the regrowth of spinal nerve cells. The study found that ephrin-B3, which normally helps control nerve fiber growth during embryonic development, is also present in high levels in adult myelin and blocks neuron regeneration.
Research reveals significant decreases in myelin lipid synthesis in mice with Canavan disease, suggesting a link between acetate deficiency and the disorder. The findings support the potential of acetate supplementation as a therapy for this devastating congenital disease.
A human embryonic stem cell-derived treatment has restored insulation tissue for neurons in rats with acute spinal cord injuries, leading to significant improvements in walking ability. However, the same treatment was ineffective on rats with chronic injuries, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
Researchers have found a new protein, TAJ/TROY, that acts as part of the receptor complex in neurons responding to growth-inhibitory molecules. This discovery may provide insights into designing therapeutic strategies to block myelin inhibition and promote regeneration of spinal cord or brain tissue after injury.
Researchers at UCI created oligodendrocyte cells from human embryonic stem cells that can function in a living system, forming myelin patches and restoring sensory and motor function. The study shows great promise for treating spinal cord injuries and diseases.
UCSB researchers have discovered that changes in lipid composition of myelin lead to the unraveling of MS. The study shows how myelin basic protein acts as a patch to fill holes and maintain insulation from the sheath. This new knowledge may suggest methods for treating MS before it progresses.
Researchers used MRI to study myelin insulation in brain connections, finding they deteriorate three times faster in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. This breakdown disrupts brain function and leads to cognitive decline.
The study found a strong link between nerve damage and the presence of molecules Nav.1.6 and NCX, which can lead to permanent and irreparable damage in MS. The researchers hope to design new therapies that will protect vulnerable nerve fibers.
Fibrin depletion delays MS-like paralysis and increases lifespan in transgenic mice, suggesting its role in disease progression. The study identifies fibrin's contribution to inflammatory response and nerve tissue damage in the nervous system.
Researchers successfully remyelinated nearly entire mouse brains with human stem cells, producing thousands of times more myelin than previous experiments. This breakthrough offers potential treatment for diseases like Canavan disease and Tay-Sachs disease.
A novel model of human brain aging identifies midlife breakdown of myelin as a key factor in the onset of Alzheimer's disease later in life. Lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy, education, and treatment with common medications may help prevent myelin degradation.
Acorda Therapeutics has received a Phase 2 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop a new treatment approach for multiple sclerosis (MS). The company's antibodies, sHIgM22 and sHIgM46, have shown promise in stimulating myelin regrowth in animal models.
Researchers found that the leprosy bug attaches to Schwann cells, disrupting the myelin sheath and causing nerve damage. This discovery may provide insights into early molecular events of neurodegeneration processes in diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Researchers have identified four chemicals that induce nerve regeneration in rat brain cells, focusing on the MAG-ganglioside interaction. The findings could lead to new treatments for spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but caution is needed due to the complexity of human neural systems.
Marie T. Filbin, a Hunter College neuroscience professor, has made groundbreaking discoveries related to the role of cyclic AMP in nerve regeneration after injury. Her work, conducted independently with Professor Mu-Ming Poo, could lead to novel therapies for those with spinal cord injuries.
A team of UNC researchers has made a significant discovery about the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in remyelination, the process by which nerve cells regain their natural fatty sheath. The study found that this cytokine plays a critical role in white matter repair and induces the production of nerve precursor cells.
A team of researchers at Yale University successfully transplants Schwann cells into a patient's brain to repair damaged nerve fibers in Multiple Sclerosis. The procedure aims to restore normal function and has the potential to benefit millions of people affected by MS and other demyelinating diseases.
Scientists successfully used frozen human nerve cells to repair damaged spinal cords in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The method may one day allow patients to use their own cells to treat demyelinating diseases.
Researchers at OHSU have discovered new synapses between nerve cells and oligodendrocytes, suggesting a key role in myelin formation. These connections may help answer questions about how nerve cells regulate myelin production, potentially leading to treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Scientists identify key lipids essential for proper myelin sheath formation, providing new insights into myelin biology and multiple sclerosis. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying nerve sheath abnormalities.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins and NIH describe a previously suspected molecular bridge between nerve cells and their surroundings, which breaks down causing nerves to deteriorate. The study adds new insight into nerve disease and focuses on stimulating nerve cell regrowth in the brain and spinal cord.
Scientists at the University of Hawaii have discovered a unique feature in the nervous system of plankton - myelin - which coats nerve cells and enables faster response times to stimuli. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of evolution, ocean biology, and the differences between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Researchers discovered that auto-antibodies play a direct role in the development of multiple sclerosis by destroying myelin sheaths. The study, published in Nature Medicine, suggests that antibodies produced by B cells are responsible for breaking down myelin, a key component of nerve fibers.
University of Illinois scientists have discovered that steroids can increase myelin synthesis, reversing a major problem in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. The findings offer new potential treatments for nerve injuries and demyelinating diseases.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center have discovered a biochemical channel in the myelin sheath that enables faster exchange of cell nutrients, which could lead to treatments for neuropathies and demyelinating diseases. The study, led by Dr. Steven Scherer, demonstrates the function of connexin32 in myelinating ...
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have successfully regenerated axons in adult rat brains using transplanted nerve cells. The study's findings suggest a potential for regeneration in the adult central nervous system, offering new hope for treating neurological disorders.
University of Michigan scientists used insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to stimulate growth of new myelin membranes around neurons in a culture dish. The results showed that IGF-I promotes myelination by triggering biochemical changes that help Schwann cells attach to nerve fibers.