Articles tagged with Myelin Sheath
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A human embryonic stem cell-derived treatment has restored insulation tissue for neurons in rats with acute spinal cord injuries, leading to significant improvements in walking ability. However, the same treatment was ineffective on rats with chronic injuries, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
Researchers have found a new protein, TAJ/TROY, that acts as part of the receptor complex in neurons responding to growth-inhibitory molecules. This discovery may provide insights into designing therapeutic strategies to block myelin inhibition and promote regeneration of spinal cord or brain tissue after injury.
Researchers at UCI created oligodendrocyte cells from human embryonic stem cells that can function in a living system, forming myelin patches and restoring sensory and motor function. The study shows great promise for treating spinal cord injuries and diseases.
UCSB researchers have discovered that changes in lipid composition of myelin lead to the unraveling of MS. The study shows how myelin basic protein acts as a patch to fill holes and maintain insulation from the sheath. This new knowledge may suggest methods for treating MS before it progresses.
Researchers used MRI to study myelin insulation in brain connections, finding they deteriorate three times faster in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. This breakdown disrupts brain function and leads to cognitive decline.
The study found a strong link between nerve damage and the presence of molecules Nav.1.6 and NCX, which can lead to permanent and irreparable damage in MS. The researchers hope to design new therapies that will protect vulnerable nerve fibers.
Fibrin depletion delays MS-like paralysis and increases lifespan in transgenic mice, suggesting its role in disease progression. The study identifies fibrin's contribution to inflammatory response and nerve tissue damage in the nervous system.
Researchers successfully remyelinated nearly entire mouse brains with human stem cells, producing thousands of times more myelin than previous experiments. This breakthrough offers potential treatment for diseases like Canavan disease and Tay-Sachs disease.
A novel model of human brain aging identifies midlife breakdown of myelin as a key factor in the onset of Alzheimer's disease later in life. Lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy, education, and treatment with common medications may help prevent myelin degradation.
Acorda Therapeutics has received a Phase 2 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop a new treatment approach for multiple sclerosis (MS). The company's antibodies, sHIgM22 and sHIgM46, have shown promise in stimulating myelin regrowth in animal models.
Researchers found that the leprosy bug attaches to Schwann cells, disrupting the myelin sheath and causing nerve damage. This discovery may provide insights into early molecular events of neurodegeneration processes in diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Researchers have identified four chemicals that induce nerve regeneration in rat brain cells, focusing on the MAG-ganglioside interaction. The findings could lead to new treatments for spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but caution is needed due to the complexity of human neural systems.
Marie T. Filbin, a Hunter College neuroscience professor, has made groundbreaking discoveries related to the role of cyclic AMP in nerve regeneration after injury. Her work, conducted independently with Professor Mu-Ming Poo, could lead to novel therapies for those with spinal cord injuries.
A team of UNC researchers has made a significant discovery about the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in remyelination, the process by which nerve cells regain their natural fatty sheath. The study found that this cytokine plays a critical role in white matter repair and induces the production of nerve precursor cells.
A team of researchers at Yale University successfully transplants Schwann cells into a patient's brain to repair damaged nerve fibers in Multiple Sclerosis. The procedure aims to restore normal function and has the potential to benefit millions of people affected by MS and other demyelinating diseases.
Scientists successfully used frozen human nerve cells to repair damaged spinal cords in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The method may one day allow patients to use their own cells to treat demyelinating diseases.
Researchers at OHSU have discovered new synapses between nerve cells and oligodendrocytes, suggesting a key role in myelin formation. These connections may help answer questions about how nerve cells regulate myelin production, potentially leading to treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Scientists identify key lipids essential for proper myelin sheath formation, providing new insights into myelin biology and multiple sclerosis. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying nerve sheath abnormalities.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins and NIH describe a previously suspected molecular bridge between nerve cells and their surroundings, which breaks down causing nerves to deteriorate. The study adds new insight into nerve disease and focuses on stimulating nerve cell regrowth in the brain and spinal cord.
Scientists at the University of Hawaii have discovered a unique feature in the nervous system of plankton - myelin - which coats nerve cells and enables faster response times to stimuli. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of evolution, ocean biology, and the differences between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Researchers discovered that auto-antibodies play a direct role in the development of multiple sclerosis by destroying myelin sheaths. The study, published in Nature Medicine, suggests that antibodies produced by B cells are responsible for breaking down myelin, a key component of nerve fibers.
University of Illinois scientists have discovered that steroids can increase myelin synthesis, reversing a major problem in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. The findings offer new potential treatments for nerve injuries and demyelinating diseases.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center have discovered a biochemical channel in the myelin sheath that enables faster exchange of cell nutrients, which could lead to treatments for neuropathies and demyelinating diseases. The study, led by Dr. Steven Scherer, demonstrates the function of connexin32 in myelinating ...
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have successfully regenerated axons in adult rat brains using transplanted nerve cells. The study's findings suggest a potential for regeneration in the adult central nervous system, offering new hope for treating neurological disorders.
University of Michigan scientists used insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to stimulate growth of new myelin membranes around neurons in a culture dish. The results showed that IGF-I promotes myelination by triggering biochemical changes that help Schwann cells attach to nerve fibers.