Articles tagged with Catalysis
Researchers design catalysts inspired by photosynthesis to produce fuels directly from carbon dioxide or water using renewable solar energy. They also reveal a jumpstart in organic electron transfer that could lead to technological advances in small-scale circuits for improving solar cells.
Researchers at LSU are working on improving the efficiency of ethanol fuel production using coal-derived syngas. The project aims to produce clean energy from a domestic resource, making it more easily distributed and convertible into hydrogen-rich gas for use in fuel cells.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a class of carbon-hydrogen catalysts that enable direct synthesis of complex molecules with fewer steps and higher yields.
A new startup company, Catilin Inc., is working to revolutionize biodiesel production using Victor Lin's nanosphere-based catalyst. The technology has the potential to make production cheaper, faster, and less toxic, while producing a cleaner fuel and glycerol co-product.
Researchers at UW-Madison create a two-stage process to turn biomass-derived sugar into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a liquid fuel with improved energy density and reduced environmental impact. The new fuel address limitations of current renewable liquids like ethanol.
Researchers at University at Buffalo discover how enzymes work, providing insight into catalysis complexity and potential for improving synthetic catalysts. The study reveals interactions between enzymes and substrates are critical for large catalytic rate accelerations.
Researchers at PNNL have successfully converted glucose and fructose into a promising chemical precursor for fuels, polyesters, and other industrial chemicals. The breakthrough uses a novel non-acidic catalytic system and an ionic liquid solvent to achieve high yields with minimal impurities.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have developed a novel biofuel technology that uses steam, sand, and catalysts to convert forest, urban, and agricultural wastes into alcohol for use as a gasoline additive. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed self-healing materials that can heal cracks in a continuous cycle. The new materials feature embedded microvascular networks that emulate biological circulatory systems, allowing minor damage to be healed repeatedly without exhausting the supply of healing agent.
Researchers at UCSF develop a model describing how simple chemical interactions can lead to natural selection on a micro scale, potentially explaining how life emerged. The model focuses on enzymes and chemical catalysts, suggesting that simple principles of chemical interactions can give rise to complex arrangements.
Researchers have developed a new form of platinum nanocrystals with improved catalytic activity, enabling more efficient fuel oxidation and hydrogen production. The nanocrystals, with tetrahexahedral structures, remain stable at high temperatures and can be controlled in size, making them suitable for industrial use.
Chemists at UCSD develop a device that captures sunlight, converts it to electrical energy, and splits carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. This process has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, produce industrial chemicals, and save fuel.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered that copper nanoparticles can replace expensive gold catalysts to improve hydrogen production efficiency. The new material exhibits almost identical reactivity and significantly lower costs.
Brookhaven chemists aim to replicate natural photosynthesis to produce fuels like methanol, methane, and hydrogen from water and carbon dioxide using renewable solar energy. They are investigating various catalysts, including ruthenium-based complexes, to mimic the natural process of oxygen production from water.
Researchers have developed a new method to form tiny, uniform metal crystals with novel chemical and physical properties. These crystals, grown on acid-treated cellulose fibers from cotton, show promise as components in biosensors, biological imaging, drug delivery, and catalytic converters.
Researchers have found a new class of gold catalysts that can act as both an acceptor and a donor of electrons in chemical reactions. This unique property allows gold to participate in reactions at carbon-carbon bonds, leading to the creation of novel organic molecules.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed an advanced concept in nanoscale catalyst engineering, improving polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for hydrogen-powered vehicles. The study identified a clear trend in the behavior of extended and nanoscale surfaces of platinum-bimetallic alloy.
The International Research Network, ECSAW, aims to improve air quality and water treatment by reducing NOx emissions and developing new fuels for fuel cells. The four-year collaboration will also focus on decontaminating air and water using photocatalysis and green chemistry.
Researchers at the University of Delaware will identify nano-sized catalysts to convert liquid fuels into hydrogen. The goal is to supply affordable hydrogen with reduced emissions for powering cars and heating homes.
Researchers have identified a new variation of a platinum-nickel alloy that significantly increases oxygen-reduction catalysis on the cathode in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This breakthrough could eliminate existing limitations and make PEM fuel cell technology more viable for transportation applications.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have developed a technique to capture and hold intermediate compounds in water, similar to how enzymes function. This method involves trapping the compounds inside molecular pyramids, allowing for controlled study of their properties and reactions.
A study by Catalyst found that one-third of the labor force, including both men and women, may be affected by after-school care concerns, leading to worker stress and lost productivity. Companies can reduce this stress by offering flexible work arrangements and supports for working parents.
Researchers at PNNL discovered that entombed enzymes in silica nanochambers can regain their activity, mimicking cellular crowding. The team developed a method to functionalize the pores with compounds tailored to specific enzymes, allowing for potent catalysis and efficient production of desired products.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics developed single crystal silicon nanowires using an aluminium catalyst, reducing the size of microchips. The new process fulfils key criteria for industrial-scale production and could lead to improved semiconductor components.
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers will dedicate two sessions at its annual meeting on November 13, 2006, to honor WPI professor Yi Hua Ma's pioneering work on inorganic membranes and membrane reactors. Ma's research has led to over 100 scholarly publications and four patents.
Scientists have derived the precise structure of a catalyst composed of four manganese atoms and one calcium atom that drives water-splitting reactions. The high-resolution structure holds promise for developing clean energy technologies that rely on sunlight to split water, enabling the production of hydrogen fuel.
Researchers created a new process for free radical polymerization, the chemical reaction responsible for creating everyday plastic products. The new method takes place at room temperature, uses less metal catalyst and allows for greater control over molecular architecture.
Researchers use sugars and vitamin C to transform atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) into a 'green' approach, enabling large-scale production of specialty plastics. The new process reduces industrial purification costs and permits the creation of unprecedented materials.
Researchers used NMR to detect higher energy structural sub-states of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase, finding that dynamic fluctuations channel the enzyme through its reaction cycle by minimizing energetic barriers. This challenges the traditional 'induced fit' hypothesis and highlights the importance of protein motion in catalysis.
Scientists at University of Illinois designed and built ceramic microreactors to reform hydrocarbons into hydrogen for fuel cells. The new reactors achieved high-temperature operation, surpassing other fuel reformer systems in performance.
Researchers developed uniform tungsten trimers on titanium dioxide, offering insights into metal oxide catalysts. The nanostructures reveal consistent alignment and uniform size, making them ideal for fundamental reactivity studies.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a new catalyst that efficiently removes and destroys harmful perchlorate in contaminated groundwater. The catalyst, composed of palladium and rhenium supported on activated carbon, operates at room temperature and can eliminate perchlorate altogether.
A new catalyst discovered by Boston College chemists can synthesize biologically active molecules with high selectivity, eliminating the need for costly and wasteful steps in drug production. The catalyst can also reduce environmental impact and increase efficiency.
Gold nanoclusters can be activated as catalysts with thin magnesium oxide films, even in defect-free conditions. The study reveals that the film's thickness influences the cluster's structure and dimensionality.
Researchers at UCSC's RNA Center have obtained a near-atomic resolution image of the three-dimensional shape of a ribozyme, revealing how functional groups of RNA mediate acid-base chemical catalysis. This breakthrough sheds new light on the 'RNA World' hypothesis and has implications for understanding the origins of life.
Researchers used X-ray spectroscopy to observe gold nano-particles' reaction with oxygen and carbon monoxide, revealing the activation mechanism of oxygen. The findings have potential applications in pollution control and hydrogen purification.
Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a new biodiesel technology that uses nanotechnology to create a more efficient and economical process. The technology, led by Victor Lin, accurately controls the production of tiny silica particles to convert raw materials into biodiesel.
The ECHO project grant funds innovative chemical research, including new synthetic methodologies and single metal nanoparticles in catalytic action. Researchers investigate ultrasmall magnets' behavior to understand fluid formation, and study peroxisomal enzymes' functionality and uptake.
The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research has awarded €1 million to support state-of-the-art chemical research facilities. The funding will be used to acquire new equipment and improve existing facilities for researchers at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Eindhoven University of Technology.
Researchers have developed a new technology that converts coal into diesel fuel, potentially cutting the US's reliance on foreign oil. The process uses Nobel Prize-winning chemistry to control the molecular weight of hydrocarbon products, producing useful fuels while eliminating undesirable byproducts.
Scientists at UNC-Rutgers create a more efficient method for producing diesel fuels from coal using a dual-catalyst system. This breakthrough could provide an attractive alternative to oil-based fuels, particularly as oil reserves dwindle, and enable the widespread adoption of cleaner-burning transportation fuels.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute demonstrate that RNA enzymes can be evolved into DNA enzymes with the same catalytic function, challenging existing understanding of life's origins. The study offers fresh insights into the evolutionary conversion process and its potential implications for our understanding of life.
Brookhaven scientists have developed a method to create well-defined nanoparticles of metal compounds for catalytic interest. This new approach, reactive layer assisted deposition (RLAD), enables researchers to understand the atomic structures of these particles and their reactivity on the nano scale.
The Lancet highlights efforts to eliminate infectious diseases and promote healthy change in the Middle East. Global interest in health can be used to forge partnerships and depoliticize the region, catalyzing a renaissance of medicine.
Researchers have developed a method to separate two different catalysts from a multi-step chemical reaction done in a single vessel using magnetic nanoparticles. This technique could lead to more efficient production of specialty chemicals and reduce waste, benefiting the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries.
A Brandeis chemist has made a significant breakthrough in developing new methods for molecular synthesis, which could lead to the creation of environmentally-friendly catalysts. His research focused on functionalizing carbon-fluorine bonds, a major component of potent greenhouse gases.
A team of Brown University chemists has developed a new class of molecules that exhibit fast and efficient catalytic properties, making them suitable for use in the pharmaceutical industry. The compounds also show promise for storing hydrogen and other gases, which could be used to generate clean energy.
Kumta's team is developing nanostructured catalyst compositions to improve the efficiency of direct methanol fuel cells. The goal is to create a fuel cell system small enough for portable electronic devices.
A new type of catalyst made from activated hydrotalcite has been developed, offering a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional homogeneous catalysts. This innovative material can be used in various applications, including the production of methyl isobutyl ketone and other organic reactions.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have created a detailed snapshot of a cocaine antibody's dynamics, revealing its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating addiction. The study's findings provide insight into the molecular basis of catalysis and suggest possible mutations to enhance the antibody's efficacy.
Researchers at Lehigh University have determined the structure of a type of gold-palladium nanoparticle, which is crucial for an environmentally friendly catalyst promoting the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. The catalyst outperformed similar ones in terms of efficiency.
Researchers have discovered a way to create complex 3D nanostructures using standard semiconductor tools, opening up new possibilities for device manufacturing and applications. The new structures are stable, well-defined, and nearly defect-free over large areas.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new nanofiber fabrication technique inspired by forensic science's fingerprint development method. The technique produces biocompatible materials, including fibers with diameters in the 200-250-nanometer range and nano-sized spheres.
Recent studies have shed light on RISC assembly in humans, a process crucial for gene expression and regulation. The research found that RISC components are assembled from individual genes to form functional complexes.
Scientists at Freie Universität Berlin identify a new intermediate state in the Kok cycle, crucial for molecular oxygen formation. This discovery sheds light on the mechanism of photosynthesis and has implications for more efficient solar cells.
A team of researchers developed fine-tunable carbon-supported gold catalysts that can achieve selective hydrocarbon oxidation under mild conditions. The catalysts enable the conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons to oxygen-containing organic compounds with higher yields and environmental friendliness.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a novel method for proofreading and error-correction in nanomaterials, utilizing catalytic DNA to detect and remove incorrect particles. This approach mimics nature's accuracy mechanisms in protein synthesis and holds promise for precise control over nanoparticle assembly.
A recent study found that a single water molecule can catalytically enhance the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at low temperatures. This breakthrough could lead to new channels of reactivity using polar molecules like water.
PNNL scientists employed x-ray spectroscopy to observe the reaction as it occurred, identifying a cluster of four rhodium atoms at the active site. This approach allows researchers to understand catalyst-reactant interactions under practical conditions, shedding light on key catalytic processes.
Virginia Tech researchers have made significant progress in understanding how to convert water into hydrogen gas using photochemical processes. They have developed molecular assemblies that absorb light more efficiently and activate conversion, which has implications for the production of clean energy.