Researchers from OIST found that the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction drove an unprecedented richness of vertebrate life, with gnathostomes dominating all others. The study linked the mass extinction pulses to increased speciation after millions of years, highlighting their role in shaping the evolution of vertebrates.
SourceOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University·JournalScience Advances·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 9, 2026
Scientists discovered ancient stromatoporoids survived the Late Devonian extinction and continued to thrive as major reef-builders during the Carboniferous Period. The findings shed light on the resilience and adaptability of marine ecosystems.
SourceOsaka Metropolitan University·JournalGeology·TypeSurvey·DateSep 25, 2024
Researchers used mercury isotope data to push back the timeline of vascular plant colonization, finding extensive land colonization by early Silurian (~444 Ma). This discovery links terrestrial organism expansion to co-evolution of earth systems, particularly atmosphere-ocean-weathering processes.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalScience Advances·DateApr 28, 2023
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The discovery of complete early Silurian jawed fishes is a significant finding that sheds light on the origin of jaws in vertebrates. The two species, Xiushanosteus mirabilis and Shenacanthus vermiformis, have revealed key features about their body shape, form, and evolution.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature·DateSep 28, 2022
Scientists have discovered 439-million-year-old remains of a toothed fish in China that suggest the origins of modern osteichthyans and chondrichthyans. The fossils, named Qianodus duplicis, possessed spiral-like dental elements with multiple generations of teeth.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature·DateSep 28, 2022
A new study by researchers at University of California - Riverside found that the position of continents can have a devastating effect on deep ocean creatures. Continental movement can cause a sudden collapse in global water circulation, leading to a stark separation between oxygen levels in the upper and lower depths.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalNature·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 17, 2022
Researchers investigate the emergence of aerobic life through halogen ratios in crustal fluids, revealing insights into ancient environments. A newly discovered submarine volcano near Tokyo Bay, Japan, is found to have past eruptive activity that poses future hazards.
SourceGeological Society of America·JournalGeology·DateJun 30, 2022
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A new study published in Geology describes the earliest record of wildfire found yet to date, dating back 430 million years. The discovery provides valuable insights into the role of wildfires in Earth's systems during the Silurian period.
SourceGeological Society of America·JournalGeology·DateJun 14, 2022
A new species of prehistoric scorpion, Parioscorpio venator, is discovered with characteristics similar to present-day scorpions and horseshoe crabs. The fossils suggest that scorpions may have adapted to life on land earlier than previously thought, possibly using similar pathways as modern horseshoe crabs.
SourceScientific Reports·JournalScientific Reports·DateJan 16, 2020
Researchers found that a decrease in oxygen content in the ocean led to the extinction of nearly 25% of marine species. The study focused on carbon, sulphur and thallium isotopes to determine the chronology and mechanisms of the event.
SourceEstonian Research Council·JournalGeology·DateOct 15, 2019
Scientists have discovered a new species of lobopodian, an ancient relative of modern-day velvet worms, in 430 million-year-old Silurian rocks. The creature was fully three-dimensionally preserved and reconstructed using digital technology.
SourceUniversity of Oxford·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·DateAug 8, 2018
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Researchers found a prolonged ocean anoxic event worldwide during the Late Ordovician mass extinction, coinciding with peak glaciation and suggesting global cooling may have driven ocean anoxia. This finding could support the theory that global cooling played a role in triggering the LOME.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 21, 2018
A new species of ancient fish from southern China has been discovered, exhibiting unique 'shield scale' characteristics. This finding suggests that jawed vertebrates may have evolved earlier than previously thought, with possible implications for our understanding of their origins.
The discovery of Qilinyu rostrata expands our understanding of maxillate placoderms and reveals a complex relationship between marginal jaw bones and gnathal plates. The study finds that the maxilla, premaxilla, and dentary are homologous to the gnathal plates of placoderms, suggesting a shared dental arcade.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalScience·DateOct 20, 2016
Researchers found malformed fossil plankton with high concentrations of toxic metals, linked to ocean anoxia and potential extinction causes. The study suggests that metal poisoning may have contributed to some world's largest extinction events.
SourceGhent University·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 25, 2015
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A new species of carnivorous crustacean, Thylacares brandonesis, has been identified from a 435 million-year-old fossil found in Wisconsin. The creature used long, claw-like appendages to catch prey, similar to modern remipedes.
SourceBMC (BioMed Central)·JournalBMC Evolutionary Biology·DateAug 21, 2014
Dr Robert Gess discovered a 350 million year old fossilized scorpion in the Eastern Cape, named Gondwanascorpio emzantsiensis. This find confirms that land-living invertebrates existed in Gondwana during the Devonian period.
SourceUniversity of the Witwatersrand·JournalAfrican Invertebrates·DateSep 2, 2013
Scientists have discovered a unique blob-like creature called Drakozoon, which lived in the ocean approximately 425 million years ago. The creature's 3D model reveals it had eight deep ridges on its body, supporting the theory that early creatures were made of repeated units.
SourceImperial College London·JournalBiology Letters·DateAug 4, 2010
Fossil discovery reveals ancient sea spiders are related to land spiders and scorpions, with the new species Haliestes dasos dating back 35 million years. The preserved specimens provide valuable insights into their unique body form and behavior.
Geologists find strong similarities in Silurian marine fossils between Alaska, Urals, and Siberia, indicating a shared contiguous seaway. This discovery contradicts a previous hypothesis that the Alexander terrane was located in the Southern Hemisphere during the Silurian period.
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