A randomized clinical trial will test whether daily tenofovir prevents HIV infection in 800 high-risk, uninfected Cambodian women. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiviral drug for preventing HIV-1 transmission in people.
Rice wins nine NSF ITR grants, including a $15m award for Virtual Grid Application Development Software. The university also leads the 100 X 100 Project to develop 100-megabit-per-second Internet access nationwide.
The Oregon Research Institute has received significant NIH grants to investigate the causes of early alcohol use and its effects on adolescents. The studies will explore the role of family, friend, school, and neighborhood influences on alcohol use among White and African American youth.
Researchers have confirmed that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were between 10-200 times higher 1.4 billion years ago than they are today. The discovery provides a geological context for CO2 evolution and climate change.
Sandia's new cluster features a combination of Intel Xeon and Itanium processors, utilizing InfiniBand Host Channel Adapters for low-latency and high-bandwidth connections. The 128-node machine is expected to be one of the world's top systems, powered by Mellanox and Linux Networx hardware.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed a new blood test that can detect lung cancer in its earliest stages using MALDI-TOF MS. The test targets serum amyloid A, a protein elevated in lung cancer patients' blood.
The NIH has awarded $85 million to five cooperative centers for translational research on human immunology and biodefense. Researchers will develop new ways to analyze immune cells and use imaging technologies to study vaccine responses, aiming to strengthen the immune system against diseases.
Phytoplankton's shift to red pigments occurred due to a global ocean oxygen depletion, which paved the way for their evolution. This discovery reveals how the ocean's chemistry has been dominated by red phytoplankton ever since.
Research aims to determine if indoor air quality in classrooms affects children's health and academic performance. The study will examine the effects of improved ventilation, temperature control, and reduced airborne pollutants on students.
Researchers have developed a program to train cancer registrars to track patients' comorbidities, increasing the accuracy of cancer profiles and treatment outcomes. The method is easy for registrars to learn and has shown significant improvements in patient care.
A recent study found a dramatic increase in wrist fractures among children under 35 over three decades, with rising physical activity and declining milk consumption contributing to the trend. The research suggests that early-life dietary habits may impact bone development and increase fracture risk later in life.
A new model suggests that the Big Bang could have been an explosion within a black hole, with the universe expanding into an infinite space. The theory, developed by UC Davis and University of Michigan mathematicians, satisfies Einstein's equations while allowing for expansion.
Scientists discover 'synoviolin', an enzyme that contributes to RA progression by over-growing synovial cells. Reducing synoviolin levels could halt joint destruction, offering new insights into RA etiology and innovative therapies.
A new study analyzing Type 1A supernovae measured with the Hubble Space Telescope sheds light on the nature of dark energy. The results confirm that the universe is expanding at an increasing rate, reinforcing initial discoveries made five years ago.
A study found that patients initially treated with voriconazole had better outcomes and incurred fewer antifungal drug costs than those treated initially with amphotericin B. The results showed a 53% success rate for voriconazole-treated patients compared to 32% for amphotericin B.
Ocean phytoplankton's net primary productivity has declined by over 6% globally since the 1980s, mainly due to increased temperatures and decreased iron deposition. This decline affects the global carbon cycle, as phytoplankton absorbs half of the Earth's CO2 through photosynthesis.
The study confirms the accelerating expansion of the universe due to dark energy, with data from 11 distant supernovae. It provides more precise measures of matter and dark energy composition in the universe.
A new study aims to determine which assay is most effective in providing accurate CD4 cell counts in HIV positive patients in rural countries. The research, led by a Rush University Medical Center scientist, tests three different assays to assess CD4 cell counts and could help improve treatment outcomes for millions worldwide.
The government aims to safeguard 10% of its territory by tripling protected areas, with a focus on preserving primary forests and promoting sustainable land use. Madagascar is home to unique and endemic species found nowhere else.
Wen-Hsiung Li has made seminal contributions to the field of evolutionary molecular genetics, developing widely used methods for inferring phylogenetic relationships and discovering important insights into genetic change rates. His work has improved our understanding of evolutionary lineages and genetic diversity.
A new four-year study aims to explore the effectiveness of advance directives in mental health care, with over 500 patients enrolled. The study seeks to determine whether providing resources and support can encourage patients with serious psychiatric disorders to create legally valid advance instructions for mental health treatment.
Researchers have developed a new technique using wavelet analysis to speed up radiation dose calculations, allowing for more accurate control over radiation doses and reduced damage to adjacent healthy tissues. This breakthrough uses wavelets to give good fast approximations to smooth data fields with 'rough' noise.
Most college students surveyed favored policies ranging from banning smoking in all dormitories to prohibiting the sale or advertising of tobacco products on campus. Smokers also supported making all college buildings smoke-free and prohibiting tobacco company sponsorship of campus events.
The STEPS study evaluates the safety and efficacy of Spheramine, a cell therapy that produces levodopa to enhance dopamine production in the brain. The study aims to provide a new method for Parkinson's patients to achieve continuous control of motor function.
Pharmacokinetic data suggest that 908 can be co-administered with Maalox TC or Zantac without dose adjustments. Co-administration with Lipitor increased ATO exposure but did not affect 908 PK.
A collaborative study between UGA and MCG investigated the cognitive effects of long-term use of newer schizophrenia drugs. The researchers found that while atypical antipsychotics cause fewer problems with movement disorders, their long-term impact on cognitive function is still unclear.
A new study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that mandatory prescription drug utilization reviews have no detectable effect on prescribing errors or patient outcomes. The program's reliance on computer alerts and guidelines was deemed ineffective in changing physician behavior.
A recent study found that North American mammographers are more likely to interpret mammograms as abnormal, leading to higher rates of false positives and unnecessary follow-up procedures. The study analyzed data from 32 community-based screening programs in North America and compared outcomes with those in other countries.
Dr. S. Bradley Moran and his team will conduct field and modeling studies to assess and improve POC tracing methods, focusing on Th-234's variability in estimating export flux. The research aims to provide accurate information on mechanisms of estimating upper ocean POC export flux using thorium-234.
Patients who traveled at least 15 miles for care had a one-third lower risk of dying during the trial and follow-up period compared to those living closer. The study found that patients with higher incomes, more education, and a supportive social network tended to fare better in terms of survival rates.
Patients who traveled farther for cancer treatment had improved overall and progression-free survival rates, suggesting that access to information and resources plays a crucial role in cancer outcomes. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering travel distance as a potential factor in phase II clinical trial results.
A new study found that a rapid increase in the incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas is linked to modifiable risk factors such as smoking, being overweight, and gastroesophageal reflux. High serum levels of vitamin E are associated with reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Researchers found that servers at two restaurants and cab drivers received lower tip percentages for larger bills, but levels off above $100. The magnitude effect shows that relative value is affected by absolute amount, contradicting standard microeconomic theory.
A study by Ohio State University's Lisa Keister found that people who regularly attend religious services tend to be more wealthy than those who don't. The effect of religion is robust even after considering other factors such as inheritances and education, suggesting that faith influences spending and saving strategies.
Researchers found that age, gender, and body size are better predictors of aortic aneurysm than previously thought. Atherosclerosis and related risk factors only accounted for 3% of cases, suggesting genetic diseases like Marfan syndrome may play a more significant role.
A multicenter study of 770 individuals found that a once-daily Abacavir regimen achieved similar virologic responses as the traditional twice-daily dosing regimen, with 66% achieving undetectable HIV-1 RNA levels. The regimen was also found to have a similar safety profile, with minimal hypersensitivity reactions reported.
The new material has up to five times the fracture toughness of conventional alumina, making it more forgiving under dynamic loads. It also exhibits high electrical conductivity ten trillion times greater than pure alumina, with interesting thermal properties that make it suitable for thermal barrier coatings.
An interim analysis of a study comparing TDF to EFV in combination with 3TC + ABC found that the TDF arm had a higher rate of virologic non-response. The study included 194 patients and showed that VL <400 copies/mL was achieved in 49% of TDF subjects, compared to 90% of EFV subjects.
A study by The Commonwealth Fund found that children in Medicaid managed care receive significantly lower rates for clinical quality indicators, including childhood immunizations and well-child visits. High-performing plans with both commercial and Medicaid enrollees were able to achieve high HEDIS performance measures.
A recent Mayo Clinic study has found a significant increase in forearm fractures among adolescents, with the rate rising by 42% over two decades. The study, which analyzed data from 1969-1971 and 1999-2001, found that girls between 8 and 11 and boys between 11 and 14 had higher fracture rates than all other age groups studied.
Clemson researchers are using innovative 'wind towers' to gather high-resolution wind speed data near the ground, crucial for developing hurricane-resistant homes. The device's output will be used to refine building codes and potentially reduce construction costs.
The UIC Center for Population Health and Health Disparities will explore how individual and socio-ecological factors affect prognosis and outcome for breast cancer victims. The study aims to design better interventions to lower the incidence of death in minorities due to late-stage diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have discovered a direct correlation between Bmp4 activity levels and septum development in congenital heart disease. By manipulating Bmp4 expression, the team recreated the full spectrum of defects seen in AVCD patients, providing a valuable genetic model for future research.
Customs agents receive comprehensive training to identify and halt smuggling of weapons of mass destruction. The training covers materials, components, and dual-use items associated with WMD development and deployment.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory have identified 12 fully ordered, completely stoichiometric intermetallic compounds with remarkable ductility. These materials exhibit higher ASTM fracture toughness values comparable to commercial aircraft aluminum alloys.
A Vanderbilt University researcher suggests that ignoring racism in mental health diagnosis can mask severe psychological problems. Brown proposes five mental health issues linked to racism that are prevalent among blacks, including nihilistic tendencies and suppressed anger expression.
The study found that the three-drug combination of abacavir, lamivudine, and efavirenz provided a potent antiretroviral response over 48 weeks. Subjects in the ABC/3TC/EFV group had a significantly better immunologic response compared to those in the ZDV/3TC/EFV group.
Victoria Hale, Institute for OneWorld Health leader, joins Leadership Foundation Fellows Program to develop skills and share insights with women leaders worldwide. She aims to leverage powerful connections and partnerships to drive institutional change.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered that certain enzyme inhibitors can slow tumor growth by inhibiting telomerase, an enzyme that maintains DNA sequences. The study found that these inhibitors can be used in combination with standard cancer therapies to slow or prevent recurrence of tumors.
Preliminary research suggests that cranberry extract can reduce the severity of stroke by 50% in brain cell death. Cranberries also have powerful antioxidant capabilities and unique bacteria-blocking properties, which may help prevent heart disease and certain cancers.
A two-year research project on Minneapolis-based Definity Health found that it attracted higher-income families and was popular among those aged 35-44. Consumer-driven plans also showed an increase in demand for prescription drugs over time.
Two new centers will explore modular biology and biological circuits in human cells, aiming to unravel complex patterns of biological interactions. Researchers from diverse fields will work together to solve today's most challenging problems in biomedicine.
Researchers discovered a group of breast cancer tumors unrelated to typical patterns, with no clear link between tumor size and axillary lymph node cancer. This finding has significant implications for early diagnosis and treatment of women carrying the BRCA1 gene mutation.
Penn researchers suggest novel genetic causes for cardiac hypertrophy and new therapeutic agents against it. They also demonstrate that anti-HDAC drugs can block the development of hypertrophy in animal models.
Researchers have discovered a potential new treatment for certain types of cancer by inhibiting sphingosine kinase. The study found that targeting this enzyme can reduce tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, offering hope for new targeted therapies.
Researchers Ted Sargent and Alex Vasilescu have been named to Technology Review's TR100 list for their groundbreaking work in nanotechnology, face recognition, and human motion analysis. Their innovative research has the potential to impact various industries, including security, biometrics, and filmmaking.
A study by Penn State researchers found that melatonin supplements can hinder nervous system responses that enable the body to compensate for blood pressure drops when standing. This may exacerbate orthostatic intolerance in individuals with cardiovascular challenges, including astronauts who experience it after space travel.
A new drug injection facility in Vancouver is struggling with low user adoption, primarily due to Health Canada guidelines restricting sharing of drugs and helping other users. Researchers warn that these restrictions may need to be readdressed to ensure the facility's success.
Researchers at Columbia University discovered that D-beta-hydroxybutyrate restores impaired brain function and protects against neurodegeneration in mice with Parkinson's disease. The study supports a critical role for mitochondrial defects in the progression of the disease.
A study suggests that new HIV treatments can lead to a decrease in people's concerns about the disease, resulting in increased transmission rates. Researchers believe that health professionals should address this issue by revamping prevention messages and programs.