The study demonstrated that AMITIZA increased fluid secretion in the intestine, improving symptoms of chronic idiopathic constipation. Patients experienced significant improvements in constipation severity and abdominal bloating and discomfort for up to 12 months.
Patients treated with REMICADE experienced a significant reduction in hospitalizations, with a mean of 12 per 100 patients compared to 22 for placebo recipients. The treatment also showed benefits in reducing healthcare costs associated with hospitalization, outpatient care, and emergency room visits.
In a study published in the Journal of Marketing, Erica Okada found that consumers who have bought an older model are similarly hesitant to upgrade to a new version, even if it offers enhanced features. This is because they incur a psychological cost when closing their mental account of previous consumption.
Researchers identified 'sociality' neurons in bird brains, which promote positive affiliation and are more active in gregarious species. The study's findings have implications for understanding social behavior in animals, including humans.
A new study found that African-American patients with breast cancer have more aggressive tumors and poorer outcomes due to differences in tumor biology. The research controlled for healthcare access biases and found that African-American race was independently associated with poor survival rates.
A study of 3,718 residents found that eating at least 2.8 servings of vegetables per day slowed cognitive change by 40% compared to those who consumed less than one serving per day.
A study on 776 patients with angioedema without urticaria reported a practical approach to differential diagnosis. The European approach to diagnosis and management of angioedema is encouraged for its effectiveness.
Researchers found common wood ducks and laughing gulls susceptible to H5N1 avian influenza viruses, shedding most of the virus through their respiratory tract. The study provides valuable insights into detecting the disease in live birds by swabbing their mouths and throats.
Johnson and Qian found that NR1/2D receptors respond to weak inputs, strengthening synapses and facilitating learning and memory. Their discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's.
Scientists found that orangutans confined to resource-limited areas of Borneo had smaller brains than those living in more abundant Sumatra. The study suggests an evolutionary connection between food availability and brain size in primates.
Researchers at UC Berkeley used mechanical stretching to guide bone marrow stem cells towards becoming smooth muscle tissue, similar to that found in blood vessels. The study suggests that a combination of chemical and mechanical factors will be needed to achieve efficient cell differentiation.
A Florida State University study found that kids with realistic perceptions of social acceptance are better equipped to handle negative feelings, reducing depressive symptoms. The researchers discovered a self-perpetuating cycle where inaccurate perceptions lead to depression, and depression worsens accuracy.
Researchers at UGA have unraveled the complex organelle in Mycoplasma pneumoniae that enables it to move and divide. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanism of gliding motility, a crucial process for cell division, and offers potential targets for treatments.
A study found that eating at least 2.8 servings of vegetables daily slows the rate of cognitive change in older adults by 40%, equivalent to about five years of younger age. Green leafy vegetables had the strongest association with slowing cognitive decline.
Researchers found that diverse cooperators evolved to use different nutrient resources, reducing competition and increasing biofilm success. This diversity leads to smaller cheats populations and larger biofilm groups.
A national study found that media reports linked alcohol to specific crimes and accidents significantly less frequently than estimated numbers. This underreporting may lead to distorted views about the risks of alcohol use, ultimately decreasing public support for alcohol control measures.
A new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that moderate drinking reduces men's heart attack risk. Among men with healthy lifestyles, those who consumed moderate amounts of alcohol had a 40-60 percent reduced risk of heart attack compared to non-drinkers and very light drinkers.
A CU-Boulder research team has discovered over 200 suspected parasite burrows in a well-preserved duck-billed dinosaur, indicating the presence of tiny worms similar to annelids and nematodes. The findings provide evidence for interactions between dinosaurs and invertebrates.
A multifaceted intervention increased adherence to clinical guidelines for preventing deep-vein blood clots among elderly patients. The study found that implementing evidence-based guidelines resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of DVT, with 91% fewer cases before and after guideline implementation.
A year-long study in the six-county Chicago metropolitan area identified a large proportion of subjects with significant impairment and encouraged smokers to quit. Fourteen percent of those tested had severe or very severe impairment, highlighting the need for public health intervention.
A team of paleontologists proposes that the Chicxulub meteor impact was not the sole cause of the dinosaurs' demise. Instead, they suggest that a series of massive meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, and climate change culminated in the end of the Cretaceous Period.
A study of 4,181 adults found anxiety disorders independently associated with several physical conditions, increasing disability risk. Anxiety disorders were also linked to poorer quality of life in individuals with both conditions.
A new study reveals the San Jacinto fault is no older than 1.1-1.3 million years, with its slip rate likely faster than previously thought. The fault's long-term motion may be as high as 20 millimeters per year, making it a significant contributor to seismic hazards in southern California.
Researchers found that blue-eyed men rate blue-eyed female models as more attractive than brown-eyed models. In a second study, blue-eyed men were more likely to have romantic partners of the same eye color.
A national survey of Canadian surgeons found marked variability in the use of blood thinner ASA in non-cardiac surgery, with many surgeons uncertain about its benefits and risks. The researchers call for a randomized controlled trial to address the issue.
A study estimated 25% of Pakistan's population is overweight or obese, with 10% classified as obese. Lower BMI cutoff values may be needed to accurately identify conditions and healthy targets due to associated risks of hypertension and diabetes.
A combination of inhaled salmeterol and fluticasone propionate has been shown to reduce the risk of dying by up to 17.5% in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The treatment also improves quality of life and reduces exacerbations.
SAGE Publications will begin publishing Reproductive Sciences on behalf of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation (SGI), advancing knowledge in reproductive biology. The journal, formerly known as the Journal of SGI, has an impact factor of 2.887 and is ranked 8th among obstetrics and gynecology journals.
Researchers found that picornavirus-related infections can accumulate over an individual's lifetime, leading to clinical cognitive memory deficits. The study suggests a link between picornavirus infections and inflammation of the brain, particularly in the hippocampus region.
Researchers have discovered phosphorus-enriched soils at the Krasnyi Yar site, which matches what would be expected from horse manure. The finding suggests that horses were domesticated in northern Kazakhstan around 5,600 years ago, supporting the theory of early horse domestication.
Climate change threatens human health with heat-related illnesses, polluted air and water, flood-related accidents, and threats to food supplies. The most vulnerable populations will be hardest hit, such as children, elders, and socio-economically disadvantaged individuals.
A new study suggests that increasing nuclear power production by a factor of three to ten could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but comes with significant drawbacks including massive nuclear waste generation and proliferation risks. The study's author emphasizes the need for a complete picture when choosing energy sources.
Researchers have created a new smart anti-microbial treatment called STAMP that can selectively target and kill cavity-causing bacteria without harming good bacteria. The treatment uses a specific pheromone to locate the bacteria and an anti-microbial bomb to eliminate it, offering a promising approach to preventing tooth decay.
Researchers found that internet-accessible computer activities improved cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease, even after the disease had advanced. The study showed that tasks aimed at increasing or maintaining mental function have a place in treating Alzheimer's alongside pharmacotherapy.
In a Phase III trial, AMITIZA demonstrated significant improvements in chronic constipation symptoms, including reduced straining, bloating, and discomfort. The study showed efficacy across IBS-C and non-IBS-C patients, with fewer adverse events reported in the placebo group.
Researchers have identified a critical gene in the circadian time-keeping system that enables animals to predict mealtime. The Period 2 gene plays a key role in the brain's ability to anticipate food availability, but not its effect on physiological coordination outside the central nervous system.
A team of scientists led by University of Washington paleontologist Peter Ward has found a similar gap during the same period among non-marine arthropods, largely insects and spiders. They believe a precipitous drop in the oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere is responsible for this phenomenon.
A study of 2,587 elderly men found that those with lower bioavailable testosterone levels were more likely to fall. Muscle weakness and coordination issues may play a role in this association.
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is investing £17 million in its three genomics research centers: CESAGen, EGENIS, and Innogen. These funding announcements will support interdisciplinary research on the social, economic, and policy aspects of genomics from 2007 to 2012.
A study by University College London researchers found that carrying a common variant of the TCF7L2 gene increases the risk of developing diabetes by 50%, similar to being clinically obese. The genetic variant is present in nearly two-thirds of people with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers compared two microbial killing mechanisms: chemical toxins and viral parasites. Chemical toxins are superior for resident defense against invaders, while viral parasites facilitate faster invasion when carriers are rare.
Researchers found that three sunflower species arose from hybridization have massive proliferation of genetic elements, contradicting theory for diploid species. This discovery provides insight into the activation and proliferation of transposable elements in plants, particularly under abiotic stress conditions.
A recent study found that moderate drinking may be associated with a reduced risk of heart attack in healthy men. The research, conducted on 8,867 healthy men, suggests that even light drinkers have a lower risk than those who do not drink at all. Moderate drinking was linked to increased levels of HDL or 'good' cholesterol in the blood.
Researchers used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure structural integrity of white matter in brains of people with autism. They found reduced white matter integrity in areas around the corpus callosum, which may underlie narrow-focused thought and weak coherence in individuals with autism.
A unique study published in PLoS Medicine found significant differences in street-based drug use patterns between African American and white men, with implications for tailored interventions. The research highlights the importance of understanding cultural backgrounds and motivations to improve patient access and adherence to care.
A new biologic treatment for chronic tennis elbow has shown promising results, with 93% of patients reporting complete satisfaction after a one-time injection of platelet-rich plasma. The treatment, which uses the patient's own platelets, provides significant pain relief and allows rapid return to activity.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered five transcription factors that correlate with socially regulated genes in honey bees. These findings suggest that the study may provide insights into social factors regulating gene expression in human brains.
Tiny Pacific 'housekeeper' crabs play a crucial role in preventing coral death by removing sediment from coral surfaces. Without these crabs, corals experience slower growth rates, increased tissue bleaching, and higher sediment loads.
A study found that women with premenopausal breast cancer and 4+ positive lymph nodes may experience improved 10-year cancer-free survival with aromatase inhibitors. However, patients over 60 years old or those with advanced age, comorbidities, or fewer positive lymph nodes may not benefit from additional therapy.
The People's Health Movement urges transparent selection of WHO Director-General amid concerns about corporate influence and inadequate funding. Candidates' profiles and responses to public questions will facilitate a more open examination of their strengths and weaknesses.
Researchers at Ohio State University used high-resolution carbon isotope stratigraphy to determine the age of Niagara Gorge rocks, finding they formed five times faster than previously thought. This new information will impact studies of global climate change and require scientists to re-examine previous work.
New research reveals statins can significantly reduce stroke incidence, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death in non-revascularized patients with severe carotid arterial disease. Statin treatment also showed no significant differences in age, gender, or other factors.
A Queen's University researcher has discovered a mineral that could explain the mountainous landscape of Mars, suggesting the planet was likely wetter in the past. The study reveals layering in rocks indicative of sediment manipulated by water, which would require significant water on the planet at some point.
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing interventional heart procedures are at higher risk for dying within a week and experiencing complications such as blood clots and bleeding. The study analyzed nearly 20,000 patients and found PAD to be a strong predictor of life or death in these cases.
New research reveals that every US Gulf Coast bay in Texas and Louisiana is at risk of significant flooding and expansion within the coming century. The bays' delicate balance between river-borne sediments and rising sea levels will be disrupted by the construction of dams, leading to rapid flooding events with devastating consequences.
Researchers discovered that cells in young fruit flies use simpler DNA repair mechanisms compared to older flies. The findings suggest that these simpler methods may contribute to genetic damage and aging, but also leave behind residual damage from earlier years.
Rita Davis-Goldsberry, a breast cancer survivor, received the Survivor Circle Award for her advocacy work with uninsured patients. Barbara Knight-Meyers, Ph.D., was recognized as a Distinguished Honoree for her volunteer work at Insight Seminars. Both women have given back to their community after receiving treatment for cancer.
The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has discovered two rare types of particles, Sigma-sub-b [Ó <sub> b </sub> ], which are exotic relatives of protons and neutrons. These particles are made of two up quarks and one bottom quark or two down quarks and a bottom quark, and are extremely short-lived, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.
A new finger-stick test for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may help identify patients at risk of developing lung conditions, enabling early screening and treatment. The test shows that World Trade Center rescue workers with low levels of A1AT protein had faster decline in lung function compared to those with normal levels.
Current and former smokers who used statins had lower lung function decline than those not using statins, regardless of smoking status. Statin use was found to decrease the decline in lung function by 10.3% in controls versus 1.3% in statin users.
In a study published in PNAS, researchers found that female pronghorns prioritize male vigor over ornamentation when choosing a mate. This leads to the survival advantage of offspring sired by these vigorous males, as they exhibit faster growth rates and increased survival up to five years.
Researchers report that polycystic ovary syndrome is significantly higher among overweight and obese Spanish women compared to lean women. The study, which evaluated 113 consecutive patients, found a marked increase in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among unselected overweight and obese women.
African-American women with breast cancer had lower survival rates and larger, later-stage tumors compared to Hispanic and Caucasian women. Research suggests intrinsic biological differences in the disease contribute to these disparities.
A recent study published in Neurology found that nearly 40% of children and teenagers with migraines no longer experience headaches 10 years later. Kids with a family history of migraines are more likely to still have migraines by adulthood.
A Montréal research group identified two essential components of negative feedback control in hormone regulation, which are deficient in about half of pituitary tumors from Cushing disease patients. This finding provides a molecular explanation for hormone resistance and may lead to better management of the condition.
Researchers discovered that mating with a 'fit' partner leads to lower rates of reproductive success in the next generation. The findings suggest a twist on evolutionary thinking, where the lowest quality couple produces the best offspring.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that pieces of cell walls from Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria hijack a protein on blood vessel lining and enter the brain and heart. Antibiotic therapy contributes to this damage by shedding more cell wall pieces.
Researchers found that high-fitness parents led to lower reproductive success for their offspring, particularly sons and daughters. This challenged the theory that females benefit from passing on good genes through sons.
A new study finds methylphenidate, a widely prescribed ADHD drug, to be safe and effective in preschoolers when used at low doses. However, younger children may experience slower growth rates and side effects such as irritability and weight loss.
A new 'umbrella-like' valve has been shown to be safe and effective for patients with emphysema, improving ventilation and reducing complications. The device, known as the IBV Valve, may provide a noninvasive alternative to lung surgery for patients who are not good candidates.
Two studies at ACG suggest that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who take medications as directed incur lower medical costs compared to non-compliant patients. Compliance rates were poor overall, but improved with age and education, with the elderly and younger patients scoring poorly.
A team of researchers identified a protein, Lck, that plays a crucial role in stimulating immune cells to recall past encounters with pathogens, enabling quick responses to reinfection. This discovery may aid in the development of vaccines against diseases like AIDS and autoimmune disorders.