A study found that administering a lidocaine lollipop reduced the need for sedation in the majority of patients undergoing upper endoscopy, improving patient comfort and reducing potential side effects. The lollipop proved safe and well-tolerated, making it a promising alternative to conventional lidocaine sprays.
Researchers discovered that specialized sugars are predominantly responsible for bone's characteristic toughness and stiffness, challenging previous beliefs about collagen's role. This finding could lead to new treatments for osteoporosis and other bone disorders by targeting sugar molecules.
A new UCLA study found that vulnerable elderly patients enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid received only 65% of recommended tests and treatments, indicating significant room for improvement. The study examined quality of care for common conditions such as depression, diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure.
Researchers found two genetic SNPs influencing metabolic efficiency in Pima individuals, which helped them survive the Sonora desert's harsh environment. These findings suggest that similar SNPs may contribute to obesity globally.
A University of Alberta study found that farm children are less likely to develop asthma compared to those living in non-farm rural or urban environments. The two-year cumulative incidence of asthma was 2.3% among farm kids, significantly lower than other groups.
Researchers have identified activin receptor-interacting protein 2 (ARIP2) as a potential target for treating liver fibrosis. The study found that ARIP2 negatively regulates activin signal pathways, which can help prevent collagen type IV production and alleviate liver damage.
A new book by Stevens Institute of Technology showcases the importance of leadership and people skills in project management. The book features three studies on the impact of leadership, project spirit, and conflict management on project success.
Researchers at Clemson University will develop an animal model to study bone loss caused by radiation therapy, which could lead to the development of therapies for cancer survivors. The study also examines the effect of space radiation on bone loss for astronauts, a growing concern for future space missions.
The world's oceans are becoming more acidic, potentially devastating for corals and marine organisms. Corals with chalky skeletons face declining calcification, affecting the marine food web and global oxygen production.
A recent analysis suggests that the US hospitality industry can play a crucial role in shaping a 'new Cuba' by investing in the country's tourism infrastructure. By doing so, US companies can help dispel distrust of America among Cubans and promote economic growth.
Researchers found barred owls thriving in Charlotte's urban areas due to open understories and birdfeeders attracting prey. The study suggests that suburban neighborhoods can serve as an 'uber-forest' for owls, contradicting previous assumptions about their habitat needs.
A recent study found that one in every 1,300 blood donors tested positive for dengue virus in Puerto Rico, highlighting the risk of transfusion-associated transmission. The disease is also grossly underreported globally, with an estimated 8 million cases and nearly 20,000 deaths projected annually.
A small-scale Mexican fishery has been found to kill as many critically endangered loggerhead sea turtles as all of the industrial fishing fleets in the North Pacific Ocean. The research led by University of California, Santa Cruz Ph.D. candidate Hoyt Peckham resulted in a voluntary turnaround in the fleet's fishing practices and the d...
Researchers have found that C60 molecules exhibit a wide range of molecular motions on surfaces, including spinning and bouncing. The motion is influenced by temperature and intercage rattling, which governs the friction-related properties of the bucky balls.
A study by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that reducing class sizes from 22-25 students to 13-17 students in kindergarten through grade 3 nationwide generates more quality-adjusted life-year gains per dollar invested than most medical interventions. This results in significant lifetime revenue ...
UCSB researchers have discovered a key milestone in the evolution of animal vision, finding evidence of light-sensitive genes in ancient aquatic animals. The study, published in PLoS ONE, suggests that animal vision emerged around 600 million years ago.
Wind power variability poses a challenge for grid systems. Researchers are developing methods to measure wind farm capacity contribution and establish energy storage systems to manage this variability. The goal is to enable more efficient integration of wind power into existing power systems.
Research shows small-scale fishing operations pose a significant threat to the survival of north Pacific loggerhead sea turtles, with mortality rates reduced through local conservation efforts. The study highlights the importance of educating fishermen and removing dangerous gear to protect these endangered species.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that institutional academic-industry relationships are common and pervasive, affecting departmental activities. Nearly 460 department heads reported having some type of industry relationship, with most involving consulting or intellectual property.
A study by Dr. Thomas Brewer found that blacks and whites give mitigation the same level of attention in most capital cases, but black jurors are significantly more open to mitigating evidence when a black defendant is facing killing a white victim.
Researchers found that bone marrow transplant is a successful treatment option for DiGeorge syndrome, with a 75% survival rate. The study also suggests that the thymus may not be necessary for immune development after birth.
A study of 151 HIV-positive patients found a low prevalence of H pylori infection compared to HIV-negative patients. The researchers suggest a different mechanism for chronic active gastritis in HIV-positive patients, potentially related to opportunistic infections rather than H pylori.
Researchers have created a layered material that causes light to refract in the opposite direction, enabling flat lenses and potentially capturing images of DNA molecules. This technology, developed at NSF-funded research centers, holds promise for various applications such as chemical threat sensors and medical diagnostics.
Researchers at Penn State suggest a canal existed in the quarry, enabling stone transportation, and propose solutions to prevent water damage. Preservation efforts are crucial to protect the site's unique archaeological record.
Patients with severe psychiatric illness lose 25-30 years of life expectancy due to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Lifestyle interventions like healthy eating and exercise can be challenging for this population.
Scientists have created a method to target and destroy tumor cells by attaching folate to gold nanorods, which then burst through the membrane upon near-infrared light exposure. This triggers a complex biochemical mechanism leading to cell death.
A 6-year study found that using 3D/4D imaging to guide embryo placement resulted in a 10.04% increase in pregnancy rates for IVF patients, with an overall rate of 40.34%. The new technique targets the Maximal Implantation Potential (MIP) Point, where embryos typically implant and develop in natural pregnancies.
Researchers found that insulin levels affect dopamine systems in the brain, which are involved in drug addiction and neuropsychiatric conditions. In diabetic animals, amphetamine-induced dopamine signaling was disrupted, suggesting a link between insulin status and brain function.
Researchers used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to scan retinal nerve fibers, finding correlations with brain MRI scans and suggesting an inexpensive alternative for tracking MS. OCT scans can detect early optic nerve damage, potentially identifying MS before brain damage occurs.
A recent study by Yale University found that combining classroom instruction with behind-the-wheel training significantly improves driving performance among seniors aged 70 or older. The research suggests that this easily implemented intervention can enhance safe driving years and maintain independence.
Leading experts in organic solar cells have expressed concern over the field's reputation being damaged by reports of unrealistic results. The experts call for independent verification and accurate reporting to ensure the success of OSCs.
Researchers used capsule endoscopy to evaluate unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and found six previously undiagnosed cases of Crohn's disease. The study highlights the tool's ability to detect inflammation in the small intestine, which can be missed by colonoscopies.
The structure of hemagglutinin on influenza B virus provides key insights into potential mutations that could spark a pandemic. By comparing it to a similar protein on influenza A virus, researchers may be able to understand the changes needed for avian flu to infect humans.
Researchers found equivalent survival rates for angioplasty and bypass surgery, refuting previous reports on diabetic patients. Bypass surgery led to fewer repeat procedures and more effective angina relief.
Researchers aim to create a new technology that stabilizes soil for road construction, improving the environment and cellulosic ethanol industry. Soil conditions in Iowa often require mixing chemicals to improve strength, but current practices have limitations.
Research highlights underreporting of NSAID use, leading to significant GI complications and healthcare costs. Administering proton pump inhibitors with NSAIDs can help mitigate these risks and reduce hospitalization costs.
A new study provides insight into trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer by identifying the PI3K pathway as a key factor. The research found that tumor suppressor PTEN and activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene contribute to trastuzumab resistance, suggesting a potential strategy for treating resistant patients.
Researchers from UC San Diego have developed a more accurate method for predicting breast cancer metastasis by analyzing protein interactions. Their approach, which uses a network of genes rather than individual genes, improves metastasis prediction accuracy to around 72%.
Researchers developed a hybrid technique to probe the dynamics of the Holliday junction, a four-stranded DNA structure that forms during homologous recombination. The study found that the intermediate structure is similar to that of a Holliday junction bound to its own processing enzyme.
The study reveals that f and m type plant thioredoxins are not only localized to chloroplasts but also found in nonphotosynthetic tissues such as stems, leaves, roots, and flowers. These findings suggest new roles for these proteins in cell division, germination, and plant reproduction.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered that tropical maize can produce up to 25% sugar in its stalks, making it a promising alternative to corn for biofuel production. This could result in significant energy savings per acre and reduced nitrogen fertilizer costs.
Researchers studying elevated homocysteine levels on vision found that it disrupts the retina's blood vessel network. Elevated homocysteine levels can also interfere with protein synthesis, collagen structure, and folate transport, leading to retinal damage and vision loss.
A new study found that 18% of bariatric surgery candidates were not psychologically cleared for surgery, citing frequent overeating as a coping mechanism for stress and uncontrolled psychiatric disorders. Researchers emphasize the importance of pre-operative screening to determine suitable surgical candidates.
Researchers found that initial screening colonoscopy with polyp removal significantly reduces colon cancer mortality. The study suggests extending follow-up surveillance intervals from 3-5 years to 6 or more years, contingent on adequate bowel preparation and visualization of the colon.
Scientists from the University of Chicago and Kyoto University suggest that a DNA-repair mechanism normally prevents tumor growth may instead contribute to poor-prognosis breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers. Elevated RAD51 levels may help cells compensate for the defect, but also lead to genetic instability and increased tumor risk.
Post-hoc analyses of secondary endpoints from the long-term LIALDA trial show that the medication is effective in maintaining remission in various patient groups, including those with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis. The data also suggest that LIALDA can induce initial symptom resolution within weeks.
Scientists identified DMP1 as a tumor suppressor that activates Arf expression, inducing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. DMP1 deletion or haploid insufficiency accelerates lung cancer development in K-ras mutated mice and patients, suggesting its potential as a target for drug therapy.
Researchers found that gastric bypass patients are at risk of developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and malabsorption of vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients. This can lead to conditions like osteopenia, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia.
Chris Culbertson has received a 2007 Masao Horiba Award for his work on rapid analysis of individual T-lymphocyte cells using microfluidic devices. This honor recognizes the future potential and originality of his research, which could lead to unique measurement instruments.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders significantly impact daily activity and work productivity, with a loss of at least one day of work in a 40-hour workweek. Patients with conditions like IBS-C, CC, and FD report greater impairment than those with GERD alone.
A recent study found that ponds' community diversity converges after a drought, with only hardy species able to withstand the conditions. This convergence has important implications for wetland restoration and creation, highlighting the need to consider stochasticity and beta diversity in ecological restorations.
Researchers found that mesalamine use among patients with inflammatory bowel disease was associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer. Mesalamine use was linked to an 89% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer, according to the study.
Research found obesity to be the highest attributable risk factor for developing colorectal cancer in women. Among participants, 20% were obese and 14% were smokers, with BMI accounting for one-fifth of significant polyps detected during colonoscopy.
A study found that modafinil is effective in treating excessive sleepiness associated with disorders of sleep and wakefulness. The medication was well-tolerated with a low risk of adverse events.
Bariatric surgery significantly increases the risk of death from heart disease and suicide, with nearly 6% of patients dying within five years. The study found that age and comorbidities play a significant role in these outcomes.
A new self-completed instrument, the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), measures excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents. CASQ scores are positively correlated with age and display convergent validity with other surveys, showing promise as a valid measure for clinicians and parents.
The HORIZONS AMI trial enrolled over 3600 patients with a heart attack, examining the safety and effectiveness of stents and anticoagulants in heart attack patients undergoing angioplasty. The study aims to determine whether using bivalirudin provides the same benefit as standard anticoagulant therapy without causing excess bleeding.
Children diagnosed with breathing disorders show improved sleep quality and reduced hyperactivity after tonsillectomy, according to a study. The surgery also correlates positively with improvements in cognitive function and ADHD symptoms.
The STROBE Initiative recommends a 22-item checklist for accurate and complete report of observational studies. The guidelines enhance the assessment of study strengths and weaknesses, as well as its generalizability. By following these recommendations, researchers can improve the quality of their work.
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine and Regenstrief Institute advocate for collaborative dementia care model that extends beyond primary care doctor's office into patients' homes and communities.