Researchers share comprehensive lifestyle advice to avoid prostate cancer, including eating tomatoes and fish, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding high-temperature meat cooking. Experts recommend specific dietary modifications to delay or avoid aggressive treatments.
Researchers have discovered that cigarette smoking increases brain tissue shrinkage and disease severity in multiple sclerosis patients. The study used MRI scans to compare smokers and nonsmokers with MS, finding significant differences in disability scores and brain volume.
Over two decades, a study in the UK found that ultrasound-guided liver biopsy is the preferred method due to its reduced complications. The majority of biopsies were performed on patients with raised liver tests and hepatitis C infection.
Stevens researchers discover charge-directed heterolytic fragmentation mechanism in ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde, while meta- and para-isomers undergo charge-remote homolytic cleavage. This study provides new insights into mass spectrometry.
Researchers found that when co-parents attend genetic counseling sessions with their mothers, they are more informed about testing and communicate better with their children. This increases the mom's gatekeeping role in sharing information, leading to improved child preparedness for inherited cancer risks.
Researchers have developed nanodiamond clusters that efficiently carry and release chemotherapy drugs, sparing healthy cells from toxicity. The material's stability, safety, and high surface area make it a promising alternative to current drug delivery agents.
Researchers from UC San Diego propose a grid system that utilizes human computation to label images and perform tasks for the benefit of others. The 'Soylent Grid' uses CAPTCHAs to engage humans in the loop, allowing for efficient data labeling and various applications such as assistive technology for visually impaired individuals.
Researchers found that people programmed to love chocolate have a distinct metabolic profile, including low LDL-cholesterol and elevated albumin levels. The study's findings could lead to personalized diets tailored to an individual's metabolic type.
Recent Neanderthal DNA studies yield inconsistent results, sparking debate on the species' role in human evolution. The findings suggest possible contamination or sequencing errors may have compromised previous research.
Patients with non-cirrhotic and nontumoral extrahepatic portal vein obstruction often present with well-tolerated bleeding. Cirrhosis- and tumor-related portal vein thrombosis generally carries a grim prognosis. A large sample size study found that hypercoagulable states are less common in this population.
A large-scale study in China reveals that COPD prevalence is significantly higher than previously thought, affecting over 8% of the population over 40. The risk factors identified include smoking, particularly among women, and exposure to biomass fuels, highlighting a need for preventative measures and improved diagnosis.
A study found that cows produce more methane in soil when pastured on winter grasslands, rather than in cowsheds. This process is triggered by the amount and quality of organic material from their excrement and the compaction of the soil by their weight.
PSEG has donated $150,000 to NJIT's Albert Dorman Honors College to establish a scholarship for freshmen. The scholarship will prioritize students pursuing engineering or STEM fields, promoting skilled workers for companies like PSEG.
A large group of MS patients with a family history showed more severe brain damage, including more lesions and gray matter damage, compared to those without a family history. This study suggests that genetic factors play a role in disease severity.
Eight Berkeley Lab scientists contributed to the IPCC's working group reports on global climate change, which won the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. The researchers' efforts have helped build greater knowledge about man-made climate change and its impact, enabling measures to counteract such change.
A team of mathematicians has discovered a way to generate an electromagnetic wormhole using invisibility cloaking technology, allowing for objects to be transported through a tunnel in space. The technology could have potential applications in fields such as endoscopic surgeries and 3D television displays.
A five-year study will investigate patterns of interaction between parents and preschool children to better understand the effects of child maltreatment. The research seeks to identify relationship patterns underlying the severity and type of maltreatment, aiming to inform the development of more effective family therapies.
The Ellison Medical Foundation has increased its commitment to support early and mid-career scientists studying aging. The foundation has awarded over $2.8 million to fund 45 postdoctoral fellows and is also providing grants of $550,000 each to mid-career scientists.
A global analysis of climate change's impact on rivers indicates that many will require significant management interventions to protect ecosystems and people. The study projects changes in river discharge under different climate and water withdrawal scenarios, highlighting basins at risk of water stress or increased flood flows.
A study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that statins reduce the annual loss of lung function in elderly individuals, including those who smoke. The researchers suggest that statins' ability to reduce inflammation and smoking-induced injury in the lungs may be responsible for this effect.
The IPCC's 4th United Nations Climate Report revealed new facts on global climate change, raising awareness of the issue. The report also highlighted the impact of rising temperatures and species extinction, supported by over 3100 scientific studies.
A systematic review found that early nasogastric enteral nutrition is effective and safe for treating severe acute pancreatitis. It appears to be a cost-effective alternative to conventional nutritional routes, with no worsening of clinical outcomes.
Dr. Gregory J. Hannon is a recipient of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's 2007 Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research. His work on RNA interference has led to significant contributions in understanding and treating cancer.
Researchers found that frequent use of household cleaning sprays can raise asthma risk in nonprofessional users, increasing the risk by 30-50% compared to those who rarely or never use such products. Cleaning sprays, especially air fresheners and glass cleaners, had a particularly strong effect.
Researchers have solved the first high-resolution structure of the mammalian HSP90 protein, GRP94, which is implicated in immune diseases such as sepsis, AIDS, and certain cancers. This breakthrough provides new insights into the function and activity patterns of this protein, paving the way for the design of targeted therapies.
Researchers used a novel 3D mapping technique to analyze MRI data from Alzheimer's patients and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study found progressive brain atrophy in both groups, but MCI patients showed more cortical damage characteristic of Alzheimer's. This innovative method outperforms existing 3D imaging techniques.
The Lancet Editorial highlights the alarming persistence of maternal mortality despite two decades of global efforts to reduce its burden. The journal urges a renewed focus on women's rights and healthcare, emphasizing that there is both knowledge and resources available to address the issue.
Human factors researchers developed a software system that dramatically improves astronauts' ability to perform remote tasks under adverse conditions on the International Space Station. The system uses augmented reality techniques to guide operators during robotic installation tasks, resulting in improved accuracy and efficiency.
Researchers have developed new sol-gel inks that can be printed into three-dimensional structures of metal oxides with nanoscale features. These inks enable the direct patterning of functional oxides at the nanoscale, opening up new avenues for functional devices.
The Kansas Wind for Schools program has selected several rural schools to receive Skystream 3.7 wind turbines as part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's initiative. The small turbines will become part of the curriculum at these schools, teaching students about wind energy and its applications.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a mathematical tool that computed the mechanical force exerted by the Z-ring when it helps bacteria cells split. The calculation revealed a surprisingly small force of 8 piconewtons, which could aid scientists in developing new antibiotics and understanding cell division.
A small study found that eptifibatide, an intravenous blood thinner, appears to be well-tolerated in sickle cell patients and shows potential benefits in reducing inflammation. The results suggest that the drug may have anti-inflammatory effects without causing harm to these patients.
A Northwestern University study found nearly 50% of patients taking antihypertensive drugs can't accurately name a single medication, highlighting the need for improved medication reconciliation. Patients with low health literacy were more likely to be prescribed multiple medications and have higher blood pressure.
Scientists have identified the toxin produced by Phragmites australis as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, which causes structural protein disintegration in neighboring plant roots, leading to their death. The exotic strain releases higher concentrations of the toxin than native strains, contributing to its invasive success.
Researchers detected androgen-synthesizing proteins in prostate cancer cells, which may explain why some cancers become resistant to therapies. This discovery offers new directions for research into future treatments that could block the development of androgens in cancer cells.
A new study by David Heckerman and colleagues developed a statistical framework to model HLA-dependent T cell response data. The approach identified 12 correct predictions out of 16, providing significant implications for understanding and developing an HIV vaccine.
The Science survey ranks top biopharma employers based on driving characteristics, with Boehringer Ingelheim leading the list. Genentech comes in second, followed by Amgen. The rankings are determined by an independent research firm commissioned by AAAS.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Chlamydomonas, a single-celled alga with traits from both animals and plants. The genome contains approximately 15,000 proteins and may have uses in basic bio-medical research, agricultural research, and understanding certain diseases.
A study on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a tiny green alga, has found that it shares genes with both plants and animals, including humans. The research provides new insights into photosynthesis, flagellar movement, and human diseases related to ciliary dysfunction.
The Regenstrief Institute will participate in a trial implementation of the Nationwide Health Information Network, testing secure health information exchange among providers, patients, and stakeholders. The project aims to improve quality of care, increase efficiencies, and prevent diseases.
New research on glutaric acidemia type I reveals that young mice are more susceptible to brain damage due to lysine uptake, which can be mitigated with a novel treatment strategy. Mast cells play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysm development, and blocking LAG-3 might enhance cancer vaccine effectiveness.
A recent study found that TPPII stimulates the formation of fat cells in worms and mammalian cells, leading to decreased fat stores. Mice with lower levels of TPPII were thinner than their wild-type littermates despite comparable food intake.
The study found that maternal mortality decreased by 68% in the ICDDR,B region and 54% in the government region over a 30-year period. Additionally, educational differentials played a significant role in reducing maternal mortality, with women having more than eight years of schooling being less likely to die.
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome provides insights into photosynthesis, flagella function and human diseases such as dyskinesia and polycystic kidney disease. The research has the potential to advance bioenergy and environmental restoration by removing carbon from the atmosphere and toxins from soil.
A new modified plastic material, known as thermally rearranged (TR) plastic, has been developed to separate carbon dioxide from natural gas more effectively. The TR plastic works four times better than conventional membranes at separating out carbon dioxide through pores.
Researchers have discovered a new type of phase transition in vanadium metal under extreme pressure, which contradicts the behavior of most other elements. This unusual lattice dynamics is driven by a huge change in electronic structure, providing a new explanation for the record-high superconducting temperature.
Scientists at MIT have identified a critical blood protein called HRI that plays a pivotal role in the body's iron recycling process. This discovery holds promise for developing new treatments for conditions like beta-thalassemia and erythropoietic protoporphyria.
A new study from UC Berkeley found that people with low self-esteem respond more strongly to rejection themes, but those with better attention control skills can tone down their reactions. Researchers suggest training the mind to focus and behavioral therapy may help improve attention control and reduce negative effects of rejection.
Women who overcome breast cancer are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to therapies that damage the heart and blood vessels. Exercise is crucial in maintaining heart health during treatment, and early evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors can help prevent complications.
The Department of Energy has made significant progress in deploying key scientific facilities to capture world scientific leadership. The updated Facilities for the Future of Science: A 20-Year Outlook highlights the agency's commitment to advancing research in fields like fusion energy, advanced computing, and materials science.
A new plastic membrane with hourglass-shaped pores can separate carbon dioxide from methane at a faster rate than conventional membranes. This technology has potential to improve energy efficiency of water purification and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in natural gas processing.
Researchers analyzed over 18,000 genes from breast and colorectal tumors to identify genetic diversity between tumor types. The study highlights the need for individualized cancer treatment targeting specific mutant genes in each patient.
A new study by Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center researchers found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved spatial learning and memory in a model of chronic traumatic brain injury. The therapy increased vascular density in the brain and was associated with an improvement in cognitive function.
Researchers have reviewed literature on stress tests to determine the most effective strategies for physicians. The study highlights the importance of choosing the right stress test to accurately detect coronary artery disease, emphasizing the role of pharmacologic agents and exercise EKGs in maximizing sensitivity and specificity.
Brian Wansink's research on bottomless bowls of creamy tomato soup found that people eating from soup bowls with hidden refills ate 73% more soup than those in normal bowls, without feeling fuller. The study suggests that cues around us influence not only what we eat but also how much and when we feel full
Researchers find that bdelloid rotifers, an asexual organism, have evolved different gene functions to protect themselves during dehydration. This discovery provides insight into the benefits of asexuality and challenges the assumption that sexual reproduction is always necessary for survival.
American educators have partnered with Bangladeshi experts to develop U.S. geography standards on coping with natural disasters in the country. The project aims to increase cultural awareness and promote disaster resilience among students.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying injury and age-dependent susceptibility to glutaric acidemia type I. By using a mouse model of the disease, scientists discovered that limiting lysine uptake can substantially decrease brain damage caused by exposure to the amino acid.
A new study suggests that a lack of HIV prevention dollars for male sex workers in the Caribbean is fuelling the region's AIDS epidemic. The study found that bisexual behaviour among these men can significantly contribute to the spread of HIV.
The NIST device can accurately count 1, 2 or 3 photons at least 83 percent of the time, a capability essential for advanced precision optical metrology. The detector has an internal quantum efficiency of 68 ± 18 percent and potential to operate at higher temperatures than other single-photon detectors.