A four-year study will investigate restoration practices in Hawaii's most degraded ecosystems, providing concrete information to restore remaining dry forests and break invasive species/wildland fire cycles. The project aims to improve Department of Defense land management in the Pacific region.
A new study published in Journal of Adolescent Health found that random drug and alcohol testing among high school athletes did not reduce past month or year use. In fact, students at schools with regular testing reported feeling less athletically competent and believed less in the benefits of drug testing.
A study found that a specific brain mechanism promotes resilience to stress in mice, potentially leading to improved treatments for stress-related mental illnesses. The research identified key components of the mechanism and found similarities with human brain function.
Rutgers University's New Jersey Center for Biomaterials has developed a groundbreaking biomaterial that is being tested in clinical trials for a new coronary stent. The material, designed to be strong, biodegradable, and radio-opaque, addresses the long-standing challenge of creating clinically useful fully degradable coronary stents.
A multi-cultural study found that European-Americans are more easily made less happy by negative events and recover at a slower rate than their Asian counterparts. On the other hand, Koreans, Japanese, and Asian-Americans are less happy in general but recover their emotional equilibrium more readily after a setback.
Dr. Wise Young, a world-renowned expert in spinal cord injury, is being recognized for his groundbreaking research and passionate support of stem cell therapy. He will receive the Melvyn H. Motolinsky Research Foundation’s Distinguished Service Award for his compassionate approach to science.
Researchers have discovered an ancient light-sensitive gene, known as a cryptochrome, that appears to act as a trigger for the annual mass spawning of corals across Australia's Great Barrier Reef shortly after a full moon. The Cry2 gene, stimulated by faint blue light, plays a central role in triggering the event.
Scientists have successfully transplanted embryonic pig pancreatic cells into diabetic macaque monkeys, reducing the need for insulin injections without immune suppression. The transplants showed promise for curing type 1 and type 2 diabetes in humans with additional research.
Researchers found that pitrakinra significantly reduced asthma symptoms in patients, with a maximum decrease of 17.1% in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) compared to placebo groups. The study suggests that pitrakinra may be an effective treatment option for asthma, offering promising results.
Researchers have discovered that hyperacidification of the TGN causes increased activity of furin, leading to tissue fibrosis in individuals with CF. Additionally, a new study on EHEC O157:H7 has identified the role of type IV pili in intestinal adherence and immune response.
A new report by the Commonwealth Fund Commission recommends a mixed private-public group insurance approach as the most practical way to achieve universal coverage. This strategy shares costs among government, employers, and enrollees, minimizing dislocation for those with existing coverage. The report outlines key principles for refor...
Research suggests that early intervention with angioplasty improves survival and reduces the risk of heart attack in women. Women are at higher risk of bleeding complications, but this does not justify withholding life-saving procedures.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has endorsed the 2007-08 adult immunization schedule, which recommends vaccination for varicella and zoster in adults. The CDC's adult immunization schedule aims to reduce vaccine-preventable deaths, with approximately 50,000 Americans dying each year from such diseases.
A new study reveals that elephants can categorize human ethnic groups into subclasses based on subtle cues such as scent and garment color. Elephants in Kenya reacted with greater fear when detecting the scent of garments worn by Maasai warriors, while also responding aggressively to red clothing traditionally worn by young Maasai men.
Ninety-eight percent of psychiatric nurses believe service shortages play a role in inadequate care for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), while only three percent have received post-graduate training. Providing specialist services and skills training are favored options to improve BPD care.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch developed an innovative artificial immune system that mimics the human body's response to disease. This technology will enable rapid screening of vaccine and therapeutic compounds, potentially saving millions in R&D costs.
The study found that mice with a better ability to cope with stress had increased activity of potassium channels in the brain, which counters increased nerve firing and BDNF release. In humans, depressed individuals showed a 40% increase in BDNF levels in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting a link between stress handling and depression.
A new study found that a combination of bevacizumab (Avastin) and chemotherapy may increase survival time for patients with glioblastoma multiforme, a deadly type of brain tumor. The treatment showed promising results in improving outcomes for patients who have already been diagnosed with the disease.
The NHS must address issues of fairness, where doctors are scarce in areas with greatest need; responsiveness, including evening/Saturday opening of general practices; and safety, particularly concerning healthcare-associated infections. The organization also needs to improve effectiveness by adopting new techniques and approaches.
Researchers caution that genetic ancestry testing is flawed and can produce false leads, impacting tribal benefits, medical decisions, and census data. The technology's limitations and potential dangers warrant policy statements from professional associations.
Researchers create artificial plant chromosomes from small rings of naturally occurring plant DNA, allowing for the introduction of multiple genes at once. The technology enables more consistent and controlled expression, potentially increasing agricultural productivity and improving biofuel production.
Researchers found that EHEC O157:H7 uses a protein structure called the hemorrhagic coli pilus to attach to human intestinal cells. This adhesion enables bacteria to cause severe abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the young and elderly.
Researchers at the University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center discovered how African trypanosomes shed their VSG surface protein to evade the immune system of tsetse flies. This enzyme synergy is a key step in the pathogenesis of sleeping sickness, which affects 60 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers at the University of Florida and Berlin Museum found that prehistoric aquatic insects were trapped in resin flowing into swamps, becoming fossilized in amber. This discovery sheds light on prehistoric ecosystems and may help recreate ancient water environments.
Researchers found that CFTR mutations cause TGN acidity, leading to increased furin activity, which promotes tissue fibrosis and suppresses immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study suggests chloroquine as a potential treatment and identifies furin inhibitors as new therapeutics for cystic fibrosis
A recent study reveals that Neandertals shared key changes with modern humans in the FOXP2 gene, which plays a crucial role in speech and language. This finding suggests that Neandertals may have possessed some prerequisites for language, challenging previous estimates of when human language emerged.
Dendritic cells help trigger angiogenesis in a mouse model of endometriosis, promoting the growth of tumors and lesions. Targeting dendritic cells may prove to be a promising strategy for treating conditions dependent on angiogenesis.
Researchers found that West Nile virus can spread through nerve cells, breaking into the central nervous system and triggering acute flaccid paralysis. Injection of a therapeutic antibody blocked both encephalitis and paralysis in laboratory animals.
A new study shows that immune cells battling chronic viral infections undergo changes that make them progressively less effective over time. Interventions, such as blocking the PD-1 pathway, can alleviate T-cell exhaustion and restore disease-fighting capability.
A £1 million donation from The Vocational Training Charitable Trust (VTCT) will support groundbreaking research at Cardiff University's Centre for Burns Research. The VTCT Professor of Burn Injury Study will investigate the body's immunological response to burns to develop new treatments.
Researchers have developed a computer solution to cut journey times of courier services, reducing fuel consumption and improving timely drop-offs. The new approach uses a heuristic-based model that can process real-time requests and re-route vehicles to minimize distance traveled.
Researchers highlight the limitations of genetic ancestry tests, including their inability to identify all ancestral groups or locations, false positives and negatives, and lack of connection between DNA and racial identity. The tests are often used by consumers to validate genealogical records or search for specific ethnic affiliations.
The New Dynamics of Ageing Programme has funded 12 research projects, totaling £3million, to investigate various aspects of ageing. These studies aim to enhance the quality of life, productivity, and self-sufficiency of older adults, with a focus on improving their health, social engagement, and community support.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) will present awards at the 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Andrew Zeitlin and Robert Acree are being recognized for their outstanding achievements in digital avionics and information systems.
Researchers at DOE JGI identified genes that kill recipient bacteria during gene transfer, providing a possible strategy for discovering new antibiotics. The study also sheds light on the evolutionary history of organisms and offers a way to finish genome assemblies.
Researchers have identified same-sex mating in nature through analysis of natural hybrids and laboratory observations, shedding light on the evolution of Cryptococcus neoformans population structure. The study provides new insights into the genetic and environmental factors driving the current population's sex-ratio imbalance.
A new study suggests that achromatic colors exist in a two-dimensional (2-D) color space composed of brightness and darkness dimensions. This model generalizes to the chromatic dimensions of color perception, indicating six perceptual dimensions rather than the conventional three.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis is a rare and poorly understood disorder that can lead to stroke or death. A recent Mayo Clinic study provides clarification on the methods of diagnosis and treatment, suggesting a combined diagnostic approach using angiography, brain biopsy, and laboratory studies.
A new coating method mimics mussel adhesive properties, allowing for the attachment of various materials to inorganic and organic surfaces. This method has potential applications in fields such as electronics, medical devices, and water treatment.
A study found that increased sunlight exposure reduces the risk of advanced breast cancer in women with light skin color. The researchers measured skin color and compared sun exposure between women with breast cancer and those without, finding a significant difference.
A Canadian study found that kids deemed unskilled by peers often experience sadness, isolation, and social rejection at school. Children perceived as athletic receive higher ratings from peers, lower loneliness levels, and better social acceptance.
A RAND Corporation study found that many schools in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas struggled to provide ongoing mental health support to students displaced by the hurricanes. Despite initial efforts, schools often returned to academics-only focus within six months, citing barriers such as lack of resources and staff training.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have identified a new pathway for cancer cell growth and survival, providing a blueprint for the design of novel anticancer agents. The study found that targeting the Hsp90 chaperone in the mitochondria can induce massive tumor cell death while sparing normal cells.
The Resilience and Adaptation Program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has received a $3.2 million grant from the National Science Foundation to address questions of social-ecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability. The program focuses on integrating economic, cultural and ecological dimensions of sustainability.
Researchers identified the specific horizontal interneuron cell that gives rise to eye cancer retinoblastoma, challenging a long-standing principle of nerve growth and development. This finding suggests it may be possible to induce fully developed neurons to multiply and repair injured brains.
Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia have developed an in vitro model that mimics actual joints, eliminating the need for animal testing. This 'joint in a test tube' model can investigate causes and mechanisms of arthritis and screen new treatments.
Researchers at the University of Rochester confirm the X chromosome is a key factor in the origin of new species, with 60% of its genes causing infertility in hybrids. The large X-effect pushes newly formed species onto divergent evolutionary paths.
A large study found that adult height significantly impacts quality of life, with short individuals experiencing lower physical and mental well-being. Increasing height by a small amount can improve perceived health, equivalent to losing significant weight for obese individuals.
A study found HIV-infected African Americans are at a higher risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than white patients with HIV, with rates similar to those with diabetes
The US has forgiven $26 million in Costa Rican debt to protect the country's tropical forests, with Conservation International and The Nature Conservancy providing additional funding. This is the largest debt-for-nature swap under the Tropical Forest Conservation Act, aiming to slow global warming by protecting carbon-storing ecosystems.
A study by University of Missouri-Columbia professors found that customer loyalty towards salespeople can lead to increased sales but make companies more vulnerable. Companies are recommended to develop strategies that encourage both salesperson and company loyalty.
A recent study published in Critical Care found that children under four are highly susceptible to sepsis, which can lead to severe disease states and death. The study analyzed data from nearly 300 children with sepsis and purpura between 1988 and 2006, revealing that younger age is a critical factor in determining survival rates.
The report highlights key elements of a healthy STEM workforce system, including rewards and risks that impact the attractiveness of STEM professions. Policymakers are advised to consider policy levers such as federal research funding, scholarships, and improving labor market signals.
A study found that Pycnogenol enhances healthy nitric oxide production, leading to increased blood flow and oxygen supply to muscles. The supplement allows for better expansion of arteries, meeting the enhanced oxygen demand of performing muscles.
A recent study found that trials with predominantly male participants showed significant risk reduction in non-fatal heart attacks when taking aspirin. In contrast, trials with mostly female participants failed to demonstrate a similar benefit. The researchers highlight the importance of considering gender when prescribing aspirin for ...
Researchers have discovered fossilized cashew nuts in Germany, dating back 47 million years, which suggest that the genus Anacardium was once distributed in Europe. This finding indicates that Europe may be an important biogeographic link between Africa and South America, challenging previous theories.
Astronomers have found an exceptionally massive black hole in orbit around a huge companion star in the nearby galaxy M33, with a mass of 15.7 times that of the Sun. The discovery raises questions about how such a big black hole could have formed.
A recent study published in Journal of Vision found that humans may not be more sensitive to biological motion compared to non-biological motion. The research, led by Dr. Eric Hiris, tested the effectiveness of masks and target sizes to determine detection performance, and concluded that humans do not exhibit enhanced sensitivity.
A double-blind trial of 214 African infants tested the safety and efficacy of a malaria vaccine, showing no serious adverse events and a 65% reduction in new malaria infections compared to previous trials. The study provides evidence of a strong association between vaccine-induced antibodies and reduced risk of infection.
Felice Frankel, a renowned scientific imagist, has been awarded the 2007 Lennart Nilsson Award for her exceptional work in creating crystal-clear scientific illustrations. Her photographs reveal previously invisible aspects of the world and have captivated the attention of scientists and the general public alike.