Researchers found that Secretoneurin (SN) increases production in brain cells following ischemia, improving survival of primary brain cell cultures. In animal models, SN treatment reduced cerebral tissue death, improved motor performance, and enhanced brain function.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory discovered that gold-cerium oxide and gold-titanium oxide nanocatalysts exhibit high activity in the water-gas shift reaction. The catalysts' oxides break apart water molecules, enabling the elimination of carbon monoxide and improving fuel cell efficiency.
The QUASAR trial found that chemotherapy with fluorouracil and folinic acid reduces the risk of recurrence by 22% and death by 18% in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. The absolute improvements are small, but still significant.
Researchers have found that the Myc protein can stop the production of at least 13 microRNAs, which help control gene expression. Re-introducing repressed miRNAs into cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in mice, raising hopes for a novel therapy approach.
Researchers funded by Lupus Research Institute discover a molecular switch controlling inflammatory response, potentially treating chronic autoimmune disorders like lupus. The finding may lead to new methods to shut down uncontrolled inflammation and restore immune system regulation.
Researchers at Yale University have shown that early treatment of epilepsy-prone rats with ethosuximide can suppress seizures and reduce their frequency even after treatment is stopped. This breakthrough could lead to preventing epilepsy in genetically susceptible people.
The CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium combines basic, translational, and clinical research to advance breast cancer research. The symposium aims to attract thought-leaders and high-quality papers in basic and translational breast cancer research.
Researchers found that green tea polyphenols protect dopamine neurons and inhibit the ROS-NO pathway, which contributes to cell death in Parkinson's disease. The study suggests green tea polyphenols may be developed into a safe and easily administrable drug for Parkinson's disease treatment.
A study published in Cell Press reveals that a component of human semen can enhance the ability of HIV to cause infection. The ingredient, called Semen-derived Enhancer of Virus Infection (SEVI), forms amyloid fibrils that capture and facilitate the entry of HIV into target cells.
The number of bariatric surgeries performed worldwide has surged fivefold in five years, with mounting evidence suggesting the procedure reduces mortality in morbidly obese individuals. Research highlights the benefits of surgery on obesity-related comorbidities and psychological well-being.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered a molecular pathway that regulates immune inflammation, known as the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase. The study found that activating this pathway can help control chronic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting an out-of-control inflammatory response.
Researchers found that a common genetic mechanism, involving the Kitlg gene, is responsible for the evolution of skin pigmentation in both fish and humans. This discovery reveals a surprising parallel between the evolutionary history of stickleback fish and human populations.
Dr. Jerry Luftman's research published in MIS Quarterly Executive explores the persistent problem of aligning IT and business, proposing a five-level maturity model to measure six key components. The study found that federated IT structures and CIO reporting directly to top executives are associated with higher alignment maturity.
A study at the University of Texas at Austin found that human spines evolved differently in males and females due to back pressure from pregnancy. The adaptation, which first appeared at least two million years ago, includes larger joints and a more angled vertebrae curve in females.
A retrospective analysis of sunitinib patients found a risk for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Patients with preexisting coronary artery disease were more likely to develop cardiac problems.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have made a breakthrough by observing synaptic vesicle recycling in real time, laying to rest the 'resealable spout' theory of vesicular recycling. The study uses cutting-edge methods to show that neurotransmitter packets must be rebuilt after each cycle.
The team created a method for attaching small molecules to surfaces, capturing large biomolecules and identifying specific interactions. The technique is suitable for studying neurotransmission in the living brain and has potential applications in understanding neurological diseases.
The complete genome of Physcomitrella patens has been sequenced, providing insights into the conquest of land by plants. The research reveals unique gene products and metabolic pathways that enable mosses to protect themselves against stresses associated with living on land.
A study of wild chimpanzees found they do not experience menopause, unlike humans and most other primates. In contrast to human females with several decades of post-reproductive life, chimpanzee reproductive declines occur in tandem with overall mortality.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of moss Physcomitrella patens, which can survive severe dehydration and regrow when watered. The study aims to identify genes controlling these survival tactics and adapt crops for drought-stricken areas.
A study found that sunitinib increases the risk of heart problems, including heart attacks and congestive heart failure, in patients with specific tumor types. Close monitoring is recommended to manage these risks, especially in those with cardiac risk factors.
The DOE JGI Community Sequencing Program has successfully sequenced the genome of Physcomitrella patens, a nonvascular land plant. The genome will facilitate studies of plant cell wall synthesis, photosynthesis, and drought tolerance, with potential applications in biofuels and biomass production.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that the immune system plays a role in sculpting away unwanted synapses in the developing brain. The finding could lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
The UIC Center for End-of-Life Transition Research will conduct four studies on topics such as advanced heart failure, oral health in terminally ill cancer patients, and suicide prevention among Asian American college students. The center aims to advance the science of end-of-life care for people of all ages.
A new survey from Michigan Medicine suggests that when women are told their risk of breast cancer is above average, they're more likely to take a hypothetical pill and overestimate its benefits. The study highlights the importance of considering individual risk information when making medical decisions.
Researchers identified two blind individuals with intact non-visual responses to light, highlighting the functional distinctness between visual and non-visual pathways. The study found that short-wavelength blue light induced significant effects on circadian rhythms, melatonin secretion, and alertness in both patients.
Dartmouth College researcher Robyn Millan will lead a NASA project launching over 40 high-altitude balloons from Antarctica to study the Earth's Van Allen Belts. The balloons will carry instrumentation to better understand how the belts release radiation into near-Earth space, which can be hazardous to astronauts and satellites.
A new study published in Biological Psychiatry found that paliperidone extended-release tablets were effective in treating schizophrenia symptoms, with improvements seen in social functioning. The treatment's long half life and extended release formulation offer practical advantages over existing treatments.
A clinical study at Henry Ford Hospital found that Avastin significantly extended the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, with over half living without disease progression for six months. The use of Avastin also showed no new adverse effects.
Professor Jens Høiriis Nielsen from the University of Copenhagen receives a JDRF research grant to investigate beta cell expansion during pregnancy. The goal is to discover new approaches for treating type 1 diabetes, potentially leading to regenerative drugs and therapies.
Researchers are working on operational global forecasts of air pollution, which could aid in improving air quality and addressing climate change. NASA satellites are providing crucial data to support these efforts, helping to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental regulations.
A new study reveals secretoneurin's neuroprotective role in a rat model of stroke. SN treatment improved survival of primary brain cell cultures and reduced cerebral tissue death in rats with ischemia-induced stroke.
The Rong Li Lab has achieved a quantitative measurement of protein-protein interactions in the MAP kinase cascade, a critical pathway for growth and differentiation decisions in eukaryotic cells. This discovery was made possible by advanced biophysical techniques applied to live yeast cells.
A wearable haemodialysis device has delivered promising results in a pilot trial, with patients reporting improved quality of life and no adverse cardiovascular changes. The device has the potential to become a practical means of delivering extended and more frequent dialysis to patients with end-stage kidney failure.
A NewYork-Presbyterian study found that adults over 65 can improve their health through simple lifestyle changes, reducing risk for diseases such as obesity and osteoporosis. Adhering to a low-calorie diet and regular exercise can help stave off the diseases of aging.
A group of UK doctors call on the government to implement folic acid fortification in flour to prevent neural tube defects, which could save around 400 pregnancies annually. They argue that two studies cited as a delay do not support a link between folic acid and colorectal cancer.
Researchers from University of Missouri and Imperial College London found that chemical markers on cancer and HIV-infected cells can fool the immune system, making it ineffective against vaccines. The study suggests that vaccines may be unlikely to work due to these shared sequences.
Researchers have found that muds can accumulate even when currents move swiftly, contradicting long-held assumptions. This discovery has significant implications for harbor and canal engineering, oil reservoir management, and fossil fuel prospecting.
A UW researcher found that dust from the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts in China and Mongolia is routinely present in the air over the western United States during spring months. Particles of 2.5 microns or less, which can be inhaled deeply into the lungs, increase in concentration in years with large Asian dust storms.
A clinical study showed daily supplementation with chromium picolinate improved cognitive function in older adults experiencing early memory decline. The results suggest that improving glucose metabolism with chromium picolinate supplementation may enhance cognition.
New research brings scientists closer to exploring Jupiter's moon Europa, discovering potential for life in its ice-covered ocean. Refined methods and data analysis reveal a habitable environment, with improved measurements potentially detecting compounds indicative of life.
Coral reefs are facing extinction due to rising ocean temperatures and acidification, threatening marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of millions. Scientists call for urgent action to reduce carbon emissions and local pressures such as overfishing and pollution to save these vital ecosystems.
Coral reefs, crucial for millions of livelihoods worldwide, are at risk due to rapid climate change and ocean acidification. The International Coral Reef Targeted Research Program warns that most coral reefs will not survive the forecasted increases in global temperatures and CO2 emissions unless drastic action is taken.
A new study from Harvard University reveals that women's lower spines have evolved to be more flexible and supportive than men's, allowing for increased extension and stability during pregnancy. The research found that women lean back by up to 60% to maintain a stable center of gravity, offsetting the weight of the baby.
Researchers propose that carrying heavy infants safely on two legs may have driven the emergence of bipedalism. The study found a relationship between infant weight, hair friction and body angle that prevents safe carrying.
Researchers found strong variation in tectonic stresses in the Nankai Trough, a region notorious for generating devastating earthquakes and tsunamis. The study used advanced drilling technology to collect data on rock and sediment density, porosity, and other geological properties.
Physicists at the University of Rochester have developed a device that can generate and trap huge numbers of elusive ultracold polar molecules. This breakthrough technology, called TWIST, allows for the efficient production of these molecules, which are crucial for creating exotic artificial crystals and stable quantum computers.
Bowling Green State University biology undergraduates will contribute to the Microbial Genome Annotation research program, analyzing microorganisms' genomes and gaining skills in genomics and bioinformatics. The project aims to sequence the genomes of all cultured bacteria and archaea, with BGSU students providing valuable input.
Researchers have successfully transferred a new gene to cancer patients via their own stem cells, aiming for stronger treatment with less severe side effects. The study found that six out of eight patients had stem cells carrying the MGMT gene in their blood or bone marrow after treatment.
The Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus uses protein 'knives' to cut bonds between cellular proteins, evading the immune system's defense. This allows the virus to replicate and spread, leading to high mortality rates. The discovery provides insight into why the virus is so virulent.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified a blood-borne immune system compound that suppresses antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, a phenomenon linked to some viral disease outbreaks. C1q, a key immune compound, blocks ADE by blocking the virus' ability to hijack antibodies.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered a crucial molecular pathway underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a deadly lung disease. The study found that lysoposphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptor LPA1 play a key role in attracting fibroblasts, leading to scarring of lung tissue.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have made a promising discovery in treating Batten disease, a rare neurodegenerative disorder. By administering a drug that partially blocks AMPA receptors, they improved motor skills in diseased mice, paving the way for potential clinical trials and future treatments.
Researchers at Brown University have created a 10-minute animated video explaining rapid tests for HIV, aiming to educate patients and healthcare providers. The video's effectiveness was tested in pilot trials, showing that it can improve comprehension of rapid HIV testing fundamentals.
A new study published in BMC Medicine suggests that patients with chronic patellofemoral syndrome may not benefit from arthroscopic surgery, instead finding relief through therapeutic exercise. The randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of arthroscopy and exercise in reducing knee pain and improving mobility.
Researchers at Norwich BioScience Institutes discover that cells at the margins of leaves and petals secrete a mobile growth signal controlling size. This signal is distinct from classical plant hormones, influencing leaf division until a certain threshold is reached.
Weill Cornell Medical College has received grants to develop innovative TB drugs and treatments, with a focus on killing or interfering with the TB organism in its non-replicating phase. The research aims to shorten TB therapy from six months to just a couple of weeks, while also addressing emerging drug-resistant forms.
Researchers found vasopressin significantly reduces blood flow to vital organs like the liver and pancreas, but not the heart. The study used pigs to test vasopressin's effects on sepsis and found severe disturbances in blood flow.
Researchers found that a specific protein-protein interaction, involving the rogue Ras protein and its binding partner Raf, blocks the switch from being turned off, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. The study resolves a paradox in the behavior of Ras mutants in cells versus solution.
Despite progress, an estimated 1.6 billion people remain at risk of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), with 38 million newborns worldwide still unprotected. Iodized salt can prevent IDD, which affects up to 20-25% of children in developing countries and can cause IQ loss and brain damage.